Papers by Keyword: Risk

Abstract: The risk management process has been improved, which, unlike the known one, provides for procedure for making management decision on the expediency of accepting, reducing, rejecting and transferring unacceptable or acceptable risk using different PDCA cycles types: circular and/or spiral, diverging or converging. It is proposed to combine the procedure for improving the risk management process itself using circular and spiral PDCA cycles with the procedure for management decision making, which will ensure timely detection and prevention of possible subjective biases influence on the results and conclusions obtained. The scientific novelty lies in identifying relationship between management decision made based on risk level assessment (acceptable or unacceptable) and revision (update) of estimated risk levels and risk management procedure itself based on the application of circular and spiral PDCA cycles, which create conditions for improving the risk management process. Practical value lies in development of eight combinations hierarchy of management decisions, depending on risk level (acceptable/unacceptable) and four types of management decisions regarding acceptable and unacceptable risk levels: accept risk, reduce risk, transfer risk or refuse risk; and corresponding management decisions matrix has also been developed.

Abstract: Groundwater is a vital resource for the economy of the Taza region. A 12-month prospective study was carried out from March 2023 to April 2024, with the aim of assessing the hygienic quality (physico-chemical and bacteriological), using a geographic information system or GIS, of well and spring water used as drinking water and for domestic activities by the population of certain communes in the Taza region. A total of 11 water samples were taken at 11 points likely to pose a health risk to their users. These points were identified by data sheets indicating their topographical coordinates. The results revealed various types of contamination, mainly expressed by two types of pollution: significant microbial pollution in 100% of the waters, originating from percolating runoff and domestic and industrial wastewater; low to significant chemical pollution in all the waters studied. The results obtained show that the various parameters: dissolved oxygen, nitrate and nitrite concentrations are too high in relation to national standards in several of the samples analyzed.

Abstract: We have long heard the terms sustainable future and renewable energy coming from many directions. But many people think of them as challenges for the future. However, robots, self-driving cars and smart houses around us also prove that the future is only a matter of hours. With artificial intelligence developing at a rapid pace, we need to find a safe way to cover our energy hunger. Currently, we can almost find fossil fuels or electrically powered vehicles on the roads. However, non-renewable energy sources are already being replaced by renewables day by day. However, renewable energy generated by the most used weather-dependent solar and wind farms has to be stored due to uneven energy use. The solution is not only batteries, but also hydrogen produced by water splitting. The energy storage potential of hydrogen lies in its high specific energy content, zero-emissions and can be produced in almost unlimited quantities. The domestic hydrogen strategy is also related to this, which provides guidance for phasing out diesel use as part of the transition to clean modes of transport. Reducing the carbon footprint of vehicle traffic from hydrogen use and extending hydrogen mobility to bus, train and waste transport requires the deployment of new hydrogen refueling infrastructure. However, these goals, new operating conditions and their integration into new applications that are in direct contact with consumers pose security challenges. Safety is the most important element for the smooth development and acceptance by society of new technologies. Therefore, in this article we will deal with the safety risks and dangers of hydrogen refueling stations. We describe the advantages, dangers and physical chemical properties of hydrogen. We present the system elements and operating principle of a hydrogen fueling station. Finally, we list the risk reduction measures and safety approaches that promote the safe design, operation and management of hydrogen-based technologies in Hungary.

Abstract: The construction industry is a service sector that is often faced uncertain circumstances with a high rate of changes in its project operations. These changes not only often occur in the implementation (build) phase of a construction project, but it also happens in the planning (design) phase. In general, dealing with such uncertain circumstances means to have the possibility for failure in achieving the goals of a project. Even though changes and adjustments are common in this sector, it nevertheless will bring risks to the construction works. For example, the time, costs, and quality. Hence, a preventive system is needed with which can minimise the risks that may arise during the project activities. The objective of this research is to identify the caused factors of the risks on the construction business, and that to further suggest the applicable model as the preventive action of the risks. This study began with a detail review to seven risk indicators; Labour Risk (X₁), Contractual Risk (X₂), Human Resources Risk (X₃), Design and Technology Risk (X₄), Material and Tool Risk (X₅), Implementation Risk (X₆), and Force Majeure Risk (X₇). This research was developed further using questionnaires and expert validation as the primary data, which furthermore analysed using analysis factors, descriptive analysis, and probability impact matric in order to determine the level of the risks. The risk level analysis resulted three variables as the top event (dominant risk), which are X₁, X₃ and X₄. These findings were then advanced following Bowtie diagram and scenario analysis, hence suggested a modelling that described possible preventive and corrective strategies. Both the Bowtie diagram and scenario analysis are not only helpful as the guidance and warning, but also practical for the construction practitioners in managing the risk management and decision making for the construction project.

Abstract: Categorization of bridge constructions by the failure consequences due to loss of ultimate capacity or serviceability is a difficult task that can be resolved using two different approaches: elementary method using currently valid standards advanced method based on risk assessment. The elementary method is grounded on subjective assessment of bridge malfunctioning or collapse. The bridge is classified into an appropriate category (consequence class) in accordance with the most severe consequence. It is a simple procedure that may be applied without the need of demanding mathematical procedures. However, the resulting categorization may be affected by uncertainties in the assessment of consequences. The advanced method is based on a comprehensive analysis of bridge malfunctioning using a procedure of risk assessment. This method takes account of the occurrence probability of unfavourable events and the significance of individual consequences. Classification of a bridge construction into an appropriate category depends on the resulting risk of the bridge failure. This more laborious approach provides credible results without excessive uncertainties. The most adverse difficulty of the method is a combination of some consequences like the loss of life and economic costs. Both the above-mentioned approaches to the categorization of bridges by failure consequences can be effectively used depending on the type of bridge, on the intensity of exploitation, on expected consequences, and on social impacts of bridge malfunctioning.

Abstract: Since the quality management systems have undergone a significant change by taking into account the concept of risk, for the shipyards, becomes necessary, an approach aimed at improving organizational performance by implementing a actions plan based on the risks which may adversely affect the achievement of the objectives identification and assessment. The purpose of the paper is to propose a series of measures for improving the shiprepairs shipyards organizational performance,based on identifying and assessing the risks. The contents of the paper address the following aspects: summarizes the main changes made by the quality management systems; presents some developments in view of the identification and results of the risk assessment, identifying key performance indicators specific to the ships maintenance works in shiprepairs shipyards, the use of the performance indicators related to the management systems processes (quality, environment, security and occupational health). Concluding, the authors bring some proposals on improving the quality of institutional relations of the shiprepair shipyards.

Abstract: Every organisation is a very complex system. It consists of soft and hard parts of a system. Their relationships and the influence of the substantial neighbourhood lead to the development of a number of problems. This article deals with nonconformities in the relationship to material aspects in management systems of organisations. Nonconformities were found from the survey which was conducted in organisations in a one region of the Czech Republic. There are from production, maintenance, store, quality department and so on. The article classifies nonconformities by a type, by a severity and by an amount. It describes the relation to risks of the management system and also to main and minor processes and to innovations. In conclusion, the article presents some recommendations for the increase of quality of a production and also for the simplification of the management system.

Abstract: The need to have a stock of spare parts in a production company is very important in order to contract a continuity of service assurance. The costs of the stock are the costs of ownership, the costs of purchases and the costs of breaking the stock. In summary, the estimation of the needs of the stock is done mostly through quantitative methods while minimizing the costs.In this paper, we will first present our Bayesian model developed taking into account the obsolescence risk that is related to the life of parts, in order to determine the combination of new and recycled parts in quantities. After, we will expose some of the decision results of the simulation in order to clarify the operation of the bayesian networks. Finally, we will compare our model with the existing reference model and the bootstrap method for the purpose to see the influence of the parameters considered.

Abstract: The paper reviews current situation of high design factor application abroad, and analyzes development of high-strength pipeline in China. It shows that related technology has greatly improved in China, such as manufacture of high strength pipe, inspection, quality control, pipeline construction and pipeline integrity management. So it is available to use 0.8 design factor for the class one location in China. And the paper also introduces trial section experiences in the third West-East pipeline on safety pre-assessment, design check, pipe specification, construction technology and integrity management plan. With relative specifications further perfected, it is promising to put the 0.8 design factor into a wide use in Chinese pipeline project.

Abstract: The paper presents, in a synthetic manner. some points of view regarding the necessity of a balanced approach to reliability and engineering risk. It presents some of the risk reduction principles applied in the processes of improving reliability and reducing risk (such as introducing redundancy) and some of the key principles for reducing the risk of failure that can be applied with success. One does have also in view that critical failures in many industries can have disastrous environmental and health consequences. Such failures entail loss of production for very long periods of time and extremely high costs of the intervention for repair. Consequently, for industries characterised by a high cost of failure, setting quantitative reliability requirements must be driven by the cost of failure. Failure rate modelling is relevant for reliability analysis and other disciplines that employ the notion of the failure rate or its equivalents