Papers by Keyword: Samarium

Abstract: In this study, SnO₂ was successfully synthesized using spray pyrolysis method. Knowing that lanthanides has the capability to enhance the performance of metal oxides in supercapacitor application, Samarium was loaded to Tin Dioxide (SnO2) at different percent weight concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 3% 5%). XRD diffractograms shows the formation of tetragonal rutile structure with prominent peaks at 26.6°, 34.08°, 51.94° that corresponds to (110), (101), and (211) respectively and no additional peaks was detected with the incorporation Sm³⁺ ions which. The data obtained from Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy confirm the presence of Sm on the spray pyrolyzed SnO2. Scanning electron micrograph revealed that the increase in loading of Sm changes the morphology of the samples from 1D to 2D structures. Faradaic reactions indicated by the oxidation and reduction peaks were monitored using cyclic voltammetry in 1M KOH electrolyte. The specific capacitances were determined by analyzing the galvanostatic charge discharge profile of each sample. SnO₂ with 0.5% Sm yield the the highest specific capacitance, energy density and power density of 54.55 F/g, 1.60 WHr/kg, and 230 W/kg respectively. The results from this research offers a valuable information in synthesizing binder-free electrode and modifying its properties by incorporating samarium. These electrodes can be used for advanced applications such as electrochemical energy storage device, electrochemical sensors, and electrocatalytic applications.

Abstract: Phosphate glasses, characterized by their high thermal expansion coefficients, low melting temperatures, and excellent transparency across a wide spectral range are ideal for optical applications. In particular, phosphate-based glasses are effective hosts for rare earth ions due to their ability to incorporate heavy metal oxides while retaining an amorphous structure. Building on these properties, a series of (50-x)P₂O₅-20ZnO-15SrO-15Li₂O-xSm₂O₃ where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol% were prepared by using melt-quenching technique to explore the effects of Sm₂O₃ concentration on structural and optical properties. This study addresses the challenge of optimizing Sm₂O₃ concentration in phosphate glasses to enhance properties such as density, structural stability and emission intensity for efficient green-orange-red luminescence. XRD spectra confirmed the amorphous nature and indicate that samples are glass. The physical measurements indicated that density and molar volume of increased with Sm₂O₃ concentration from 0 to 1.5 mol% and decreased when Sm₂O₃ further increase to 2.0 mol%. FTIR spectra revealed seven spectra bands within range 650 to 1500 nm. The emission spectra were recorded under 402 nm excitation, emits strong emission band at 562, 593, 644 and 705 nm which correspond to excitation from ⁶H_5/2 ground state. The optimal emission intensity was observed at 1.0 mol% Sm₂O₃, highlighting the potential of these glasses for applications in green-orange-red emitting materials.

Abstract: The nanosized samarium doped tin oxide in varying concentration (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%) was successfully synthesized using the wet chemical precipitation approach. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was done to monitor the effect of the dopant concentration to the host lattice as broadening and narrowing of the formed peaks are seen. Average crystallite sizes of the produced sample are ranging from 9-28 nm, confirming it to be nanoscale. Identified peaks with Miller indices of ((110), (101), (200), (111), (211), (220), and (002) signifies a tetragonal rutile structure of the synthesized samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows the difference in morphology for the powdered samples as per different samarium loading as well as the shape, which is granular. Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) affirms the successful integration of the samarium dopant to the lattice structure of the SnO₂.

Abstract: The luminescence properties Dy³⁺, Eu³⁺ and Sm³⁺ doped magnesium sodium borate glasses were investigated. The glasses samples containing the composition 30MgO-70Na2B4O7.10H2O-xRE₂O₃ (where RE = Dy³⁺, Eu³⁺, and Sm³⁺, x = 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol %) are prepared by the conventional melt quenching technique. The optical properties have been evaluated using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. The X-ray Diffraction pattern was studied to confirm the amorphous nature of the prepared glass. The absorption spectra yield the most intense absorption bands and transition energy levels for Dy³⁺, Eu³⁺, and Sm³⁺ located at 347 nm (⁶H_15/2 → ⁶P_7/2), 393 nm (⁷F₀ → ⁵L₆), and 403 nm (⁶H_5/2 →⁶P_5/2) respectively. The emission spectra demonstrate the highest emission intensity centered at 463 nm (⁴F_9/2 → ⁶F_11/2 + ⁶H_9/2), 612 nm (⁵D₀ → ⁷F_J), and 599 nm (⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_7/2) for Dy³⁺, Eu³⁺, and Sm³⁺ respectively. Dy³⁺ emits combination of blue, yellow, and red light, Eu³⁺ emits red light and Sm³⁺ emits orange to red light. The higher the content of Dy³⁺, Eu³⁺, and Sm³⁺, the higher the spectral or peak intensity for both absorption and emission. The findings could be useful for development of laser, light emitting diode (LED), and color displays applications. KEY WORDS: Luminescence, Borax glass, Magnesium, Dysprosium, Europium, Samarium.

Abstract: The need for energy has reached a remarkable level that needs to be solved. In this study, nanoparticles of cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) doped with varying amounts of samarium (Sm) were prepared by using solution precursor route approach with the aid of ultrasonic sound. Copper chloride and Samarium (III) Chloride was used as source for copper ions and samarium ions, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement confirmed that the prepared nanostructures are crystalline and the dopant Sm ion did not alter the crystalline structure of the Cu₂O. The sample absorption spectrum was determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 400nm to 700nm. The optical bandgap of the undoped and doped Cu₂O was found to fall between 1.94 eV - 2.21 eV. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) paired with energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) was used to observe the morphology and the presence of samarium in the synthesized Cu₂O nanoparticles. The results show that upon adding Sm to the Cu₂O, in a facile way, it could bring an important impact on optoelectronic devices such as photodiodes and solar cells.

Abstract: The meso-porous TiO₂ and Sm-doped meso-porous TiO₂ were synthesized by a sol-gel method. Polyethylene glycol, with different added content, was added as a structure-directing agent. The prepared meso-porous TiO₂ was characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic performance was evaluated by the decomposition of methyl orange. The results revealed that PEG plays a key role in creating porous structure during the heat-treatment. The photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ is improved by adding proper content PEG, and Sm-doping can further promote the photocatalytic performance.

Abstract: This study presents the formation of the zinc silicate from amorphous silica obtained from waste rice ash, with the addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles by conventional solid-state technique. The XRD showed the sharp intensive and small peaks while FTIR results indicated very slight variations in their peaks with the increased of samarium dopant concentrations. The FESEM clearly showed the cracks of zinc silicate doped with samarium the samples. The least thermal diffusivity values from 0.2039 to 0.1392 mm²/s acquired by pure zinc silicate (willemite) sintered at 1000°C. The thermal diffusivity was increasing with dopant concentration and decreasing with the rise in temperature (27-500°C). The thermal diffusivity curves revealed the exponential decay with the pores and cracks in the samples.

Abstract: Sm³⁺-doped gadolinium calcium phosphate glasses of the composition (70-x)P₂O₅ : 10CaO : 20Gd₂O₃ : xSm₂O₃ (PCGSm), where x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50 and 3.00 mol% have been prepared by melt-quenching technique and investigated their photoluminescence properties. The emission spectra of Eu³⁺-doped glasses recorded in wavelength range 500-750 nm with 402 nm excitation. All the spectra exhibited 4 emission bands corresponding to the ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_5/2, ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_7/2, ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_9/2 and ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_11/2 transition, respectively. The peak intensities increase with the increase of concentration from 0.05 to 0.5 mol% and beyond that the quenching in the emission peak intensities have been observed.

Abstract: This paper reports on physical, optical and photoluminescence properties of Sm³⁺doped calcium barium phosphate (CaO: BaO: P₂O₅: Sm₂O₃) glass systems. The glass samples have been prepared by the melt-quenching technique at 1200°C. It was found that the density of glasses tended to increase with increasing of Sm₂O₃ concentration. While, the molar volume of glasses tended to decrease with increasing of Sm₂O₃ concentration higher than 0.1 mol%. The absorption spectra of glasses were recorded in the ultraviolet visible near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) region. The absorption bands centered at 374, 402, 416, 438, 473, 527, 946, 1083, 1236, 1382, 1483, 1531 and 1977 nm, respectively have been observed. The emission spectra of glass samples centered at 561, 597, 643 and 704 nm corresponding to the energy levels from ⁴G_5/2 to ⁶H_5/2, ⁶H_7/2, ⁶H_9/2 and ⁶H_11/2, respectively have been observed with 402 nm excitation wavelength.

Abstract: Sm particles and gold nanoparticles were prepared respectively. Effects of Sm-Au particles on silver staining results were studied, and UV-Vis absorption spectrum of Sm-Au particles solution was studied. Time and color of sport with Sm-Au particles is longer and darker than that of with gold nanoparticles. The time of sport with Sm-Au particles is as long as 28.5 min, which is 2.6 times as long as with gold nanoparticles. Although amount of gold nanoparticles reduced 80%, the color of sport with Sm-Au particles is darker than that of with gold nanoparticles. In 200.00-800.00 nm, Sm particles solution and gold nanoparticles solution has one absorption peak, respectively, and λ_max is 276 nm, 521 nm respectively. Sm-Au particles solution has two absorption peaks, λ_{max (Sm)} and λ_{max (Au)} are 276 nm and 523 nm respectively. λ_max of Sm particles is constant, and λ_max of Au nanoparticles occurs red moving. Sm particles and gold nanoparticles may have interaction.