Papers by Keyword: Sawdust

Abstract: In this research, Red Merantisawdust and water were mixed in a hydrothermal reactor equipped with a thermometer and pressure indicator. Experiments were conducted at the variation of the temperature of 200, 240 and 300°C; water to biomass ratio 1:10. The mixture was heated to the target temperature at an initial pressure of 1.0 MPaand then held for 30 minutes. After separated, the liquid product was applied for Sengon wood preservatives. Hence, the Sengon wood was tested for absorption, retention, weigh loss, and termite mortality. Based on experimental results, the liquid product at a temperature of 270°Cgenerated the highest absorption, retention, and termite mortality, that was 98.3291 kg/m³, 10.8479 kg/m³and 72.67% respectively. Analysis of the liquid product by GC-MS indicated that phenol compounds and organic acids are able to control microbial growth and preserve wood.

Abstract: The physical and mechanical properties of lightweight constructional heat-insulating concrete (sawdust gypsum concrete) with high-strength gypsum binder, modified by food cotton microcrystalline cellulose and organic fillers of plant origin from the waste wood of coniferous and deciduous species in the form of cavitationly processed pine and birch sawdust have been studied. The dependence of the cavitation extraction time of water-soluble reducing substances (sugars) from sawdust on the strength of sawdust gypsum concrete is established. The changes in microstructure of the gypsum matrix, the mean density, bending tension strength and compression strength, the thermal conductivity coefficient of sawdust gypsum concrete on the basis of the cavitationly processed sawdust with the introduction of microcrystalline cellulose are analyzed. It is proven that microcrystalline cellulose compacts the space between the crystalline hydrates of calcium sulfate dihydrate in the gypsum matrix microstructure and improves the physical and mechanical properties of sawdust gypsum concrete.

Abstract: The current work reports on the fabrication of composite matrix from saw dust (SD) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) at different weight ratio by flat-pressed method. Wood plastic composites (WPCs) were made with a thickness of 15 mm after mixing the saw dust and PET followed by a three phase press cycle. Physical properties (Density, Water Absorption (WA) and Thickness Swelling (TS)) and Mechanical properties (Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR)) were determined base on the mixing ratios according to the standard. WA and TS were measured after 2 h and 24 h of immersion in water. The results showed that as the density increased, the SD content decreased from 90 % to 50 % into the matrix. However, WA and TS decreases when the PET content increased in the matrix. Remarkably, the MOE and MOR attained a maximum point at 964.199 N/mm² and 9.03 N/mm² respectively in 50 % SD content. In comparism with standard, boards D and E can be classified as medium density boards while A, B and C are low density boards. The results indicated that the fabrication of WPCs from sawdust and PET would technically be feasible for indoor uses in building due to favorable physical properties exhibited. The mechanical properties response showed that it cannot be used for structural or load bearing application.

Abstract: Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) catalyst on carbon support from varying ratio of sawdust and sugarcane bagasse has been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization and calcination process. Hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic structure into carbon support is investigated at 200 ^oC for 24 hr and calcination at 600 °C for 2 hr. The precursor of MoS₂ catalyst is prepared using thiourea (CH₄N₂S) and ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ((NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄ ^. 4H₂O) loaded on carbon support. The lignocellulosic structure as hemicellulose and cellulose is changed at high temperature via hydrothermal carbonization and calcination. The distribution of molybdenum disulfide on carbon support is varied based on morphology and functional group of carbon support. The morphology and functional group were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). It shows that carbon support at equal ratio (1:1) of sawdust and sugarcane bagasse is an optimum ratio with high distribution of molybdenum disulfide catalyst on carbon support.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to synthesize the geopolymer composites formed by two industrial wastes, namely red mud (RM) and saw dust (SD). SD was chemically treated with alkali for the removal of lignin and subsequently bleached, before forming composite with acid-modified RM. The composites were then characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetic analysis (TGA) and universal testing machine to study the morphology, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties. The FTIR spectrum showed that Si and Al from the raw materials played the major role in forming aluminosilicate geopolymer composites. The SEM images revealed that SD and RM particles aggregated to form fully condensed geopolymer matrices with high compressive strength of 8.3-138 MPa, which were comparable to Portland cement (compressive strength of 9-20.7 MPa).

Abstract: Devonian, and Quaternary clays of Latvia together with additive of sawdust after plastic moulding of pellets were used. Partial oxidation of sawdust and formation of active carbon after thermal shock at temperature 800°C were determined. The main clay mineral in all of clays was hydromica with some difference in the structure. Obtained materials with bulk density 1.1 g/cm³ as sorbent for different chemicals such as iodine and methylene blue was used. Dependence of sorption ability of pellets on the type of used clay (clay minerals) was determined. XRD for the determination of phase compositions, nitrogen absorption for the pore size distribution, SEM for the analysis of structure and nanoscale Zetasizer for the determination of surface charge were used.

Abstract: This work focused on optimization of production of ethanol from saw dust using two empirical methods, the ANN and the RSM. It further investigated the modeling and optimization efficiencies of RSM and ANN in separate hydrolysis and fermentation of sawdust for ethanol production. Box - Behnken Design (BBD) was used to generate 17 individual experiments which were carried out, RSM and Genetic Algorithm (GA) of ANN which were used to optimize the production which was then compared. The optimum concentrations of ethanol yield predicted were 56.968 wt. % and 57. 387263 wt. % for RSM and ANN models respectively. R² value obtained for ANN model was 0.9989 while R² value of 0.9046 was obtained for RSM model. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value for ANN was found to be 0.143 while the RMSE value for RSM was 2.17. It showed that ANN had relatively higher predictive model ability and thus shows to be a better optimization tool for the ethanol from saw dust compared to RSM which also a good modelling tool.

Abstract: In parallel with the growing demand for lumber, there has been an increase in the amount of waste generated by this industry, such as chips, shavings, and sawdust as the main waste. Such wastes are disposed in unsuitable locations or burned for energy generation. The present study aimed to evaluate the use of sawdust for particleboard manufacturing. The particleboard were produced with Pinus oocarpa wood and 11% urea-formaldehyde adhesive, with a nominal density of 0.70 g/cm3 and a pressing cycle of 160°C temperature, specific pressure of 3.92 MPa, and a operation time of 8 min. The panels were evaluated for the properties such as apparent density, thickness swelling after 24-h immersion in water, Janka hardness, screw pullout (top and face), compression ratio, internal bond, according ASTM D1037 (2006) standard and modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) to static bending acordingo DIN 52362 (1982) standard. The panels produced with sawdust of P. oocarpa wood met all the requirements stipulated by the marketing standard, demonstrating great potential for use in particleboard manufacturing.

Abstract: In this research, wood polymer composite (WPC) were produced by using the combination of waste sawdust (Cengal and mixed sawdust), unsaturated polyester resin and a catalyst as the curing agent. The WPCs were produced at four levels of sawdust loading (5 wt% - 20 wt %) with resin and 3% of catalyst added to study the mechanical and physical proeprties. Micro structural analyses were done by scanning electron microscopy and the result showed that the sawdust filler were evenly dispersed in the resin matrix. The mechanical and physical properties of the composites are higher than unfilled resin. The optimum ratios were obtained for sawdust composite at 10 wt% where it showed the best performance than others.

Abstract: In this study, sawdust modified by cetyltimethyl ammonium bromide was applied to adsorb conge red in aqueous solutions. The characteristics of modified sawdust were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of factors, such as pH, contact time, temperature, dosage, and salt concentration, were investigated. The results revealed that the addition of modified sawdust can significantly increase the adsorption capacity of dye. The maximum adsorption capacity of dye on modified sawdust was 109 mg·g^-1 at 328K. The adsorption processes were rapid within the first 30 min and reached equilibrium in about 150 min. The adsorption kinetics fitted well with pseudo-second-order model. The pH value of the solution had significant impact on the amount of adsorption. Adsorption isotherm fitted better with the Langmuir model and the adsorption was an endothermic process