Papers by Keyword: Self-Formation

Abstract: We demonstrate here a self-formation phenomenon of hierarchy with multiple-scaled porosity. Macrochanneled structures, labelled as CMI-7, with openings ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 microns and wormhole-like mesoporous walls with various ceramic compositions, such as ZrO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Y2O3, ZrO2-SiO2, ZrO2-TiO2, ZrO2-Y2O3,…, aluminosilicates, aluminophosphates, silicoaluminophosphates, metallophosphates, can be prepared by just controlling the hydrolysis and polycondensation rates of the pre-selected ceramic sources. The macrochannels (funnel-like or straight) are well parallel each other and perpendicular to the tangent of the particles’ surface. These hierarchical porous ceramics can be used in catalysis, separation and for immobilization of biological molecules and even microorganisms for filtration and bioreactor applications.

Abstract: Solar cell (SC) cost reduction remains the main problem in PV development. Selfformation technology implementation is one of the ways to decrease this cost. It is known planar object.s evolution approximation by 8-dimensional topological space, containing object geometry, set of parameters, medium set and matrix of interaction. There we can have some different cases: external formation, self-formation, development and reproduction. However in case of self-formation, these attributes are not sufficient, because the different sequences of media can be created from the same set of medium. In external formation all structured and chaotic media are brought from outside and technological graph is created from recurrent parts. There we see an object interaction with different structured media, which structures are transferred to evolving object, and recurrent sequence of chaotic media (deposition, exposure, development, etching, diffusion and oxidizing). Initial technological object, interaction matrix and set of interactions are not sufficient to unambiguous technological process describing in self-formation case as well. Some technological graphs may be valid to one interaction matrix and result different final object. Medium there are changed from outside but the initial object changes as the result of interaction with medium. In optimal case one structured medium (for initial object formation) and the sequence of chaotic media are necessary to manufacture the solar cell from the silicon wafer. The approach of technological graph to solar cell technology is presented. Graphs of external formation and self-formation of solar cell are compared.

Abstract: Relatively high cost of energy produced by solar cells prevents them from being used widely. One of the ways to address this problem is to create new, cost efficient solar cell production technologies. This presentation analyzes how, by applying self-formation principles it is possible to decrease number of photolithography processes used in high efficiency solar cell production, thus significantly reducing the cost of solar cell itself. All known planar technologies can be described based on self-formation principles; new microchip and integrated circuit technologies were created using self-formation as well. It is therefore natural to extend self-formation to solar cell technology. This presentation provides specific aspects of self-formation simulation as related to solar-cell technology. The object of the simulation is a cross-section of solar cell in two-dimensional Euclidean space and it.s evolution over time. Such kind of solar cell approximation simplifies the model, yet keeps all essential characteristics of the solar cell. The cross-section contains geometrical figures which approximate objects in the solar cell. Each figure is assigned with an integer parameter, approximating physical material. According to self-formation principles, evolution of each figure depends only on geometrical configuration of the figure itself, the parameter and interaction rules. Interaction rules define change of neighbouring points and approximate technological processes (etching, oxidation, coating etc). Combination of such processes enables construction of required solar cell configuration, with only minimum use of photolithography processes. Self-formation is simulated by two-dimensional 8-neighbour cellular automata based mechanism.

Abstract: Eight-dimensional topological space providing an object evolution in time, including causes of evolution is presented. Part of Euclidean space separated by any close surface from complementary space, where any Euclidean point of space is juxtaposed with parameter, is being felt as an object. Coplanar approximation of flat planar devices is based on the flat, homogeneous, isotropic planar object and chaotic medium. The new, more general approximation of the topological space by equidistant surfaces, suitable for spatial planar objects, is presented. Selfformation of spatial objects (homogeneous, non-homogeneous, anisotropic), medium (chaotic, chaotic oriented, homogeneous oriented, structural) based on non-homeomorpheous mapping in peculiar points and evolution irreversibility, is discussed.

Abstract: Self-formation as a concept for irreversible evolution of the artificial object with complexity increase was introduced for understanding of the processes existing in microelectronics technology [1]. The concept of self-formation by itself was to some extend influenced by principles existing in biological world therefore from the very beginning there was an open question about limits of self-formation application: are we limited to the understanding of some technological processes or we can think about predicting new technological applications by applying selfformation concept. Recently developed tools for simulation of technological processes for Solar Cells manufacturing [2] clearly indicates that self-formation is becoming interesting tool for technologists trying to create and optimize microelectronic devices. The next step exploring selfformation application boundaries can be analysis of possibilities of the self-formation to demonstrate usual in biological life development and reproduction of the object. This presentation will be dedicated to the analysis of the conditions and possibilities by applying self-formation present self-formation, development and reproduction of artificial object.

Abstract: Artificial planar systems self-formation process supported by pattern recognition theory and methods are discussed. Concept possibilities to apply pattern recognition power for improving and control self-formation processes are presented.

Abstract: Self-formation concept as a generalization of the huge number of technologies in microelectronics was defined. Self-formation as irreversible evolution, causing self-increasing of an object complexity, is presented. Differential equation method allows description of evolution of any figures contour. Numerical model of self-formation in essence is a cellular automata of the second kind. Neither analytical nor numerical models did not involve causes of contour evolution. However causes of evolution are hidden in interactions of parameters which approximate an object and ambient materials. On the basis of above-mentioned factors, the right-dimensional topological space was created. It is the Cartesian product of the eight sets, including three Euclidean space axes, four parameter axes (defining parameters of the Euclidean points and interaction matrix) and time axis. Self-formation is a result of non-homogeneous mapping sequence in time. On the other hand non-homeomorpheous mapping indicates irreversibility of an evolution. Evolution is irreversible in time if only the object either contains the peculiar points or they arise under evolution. Therefore an interaction, defining the figure evolution out-side, does not return the object to initial state after its diversion inside and can implicate the complexity increasing. The new self-formation technologies for electron devices and integrated circuits manufacturing were carried out. Topological approach allows analysis and synthesis of real world structures, known in the areas of microelectronics, nanotechnology, photovoltaics and fuel cell technology, possibly in living world (genes, cells, organs, organism) as well. Problems remaining to be investigated are presented.