Papers by Keyword: Sensor

Abstract: The main task of information processing in this work is to develop approaches to predicting future threats based on existing experience, initially obtained using intelligent technologies, that are a set of methods and technical means, by which human intelligence is modeled in an autonomous mode based on appropriate algorithms and programs. As an example, the functioning of security systems that protect the population from technogenic, ecological, epidemiological, etc. factors, in extreme cases minimizing their impact, is related to the structural-functional synthesis of control and support systems, decision-making, feedback, adaptation, and intelligent monitoring of external conditions. The new notification system, developed for landslide-prone areas, provides: (1) measurement of ground displacement and relative slope, (2) measurement of constructions deformation and bulge, and (3) receiving, visualization, and processing of the collected data at the monitoring center.

Abstract: The present work reports an approach of hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods, which simplifies the production of low cost films with controlled morphology for H₂S gas sensor application. The prepared ZnO nanorods exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite phase analyzed by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The FTIR spectra provide information that the band located between 465-570 cm^-1 corresponds to the stretching bond of Zn-O, which confirms the creation of ZnO. PL spectroscopic studies showed that the doping of Ag NPs and f-MWCNT in the ZnO matrix leads to the tuning of the bandgap. The SEM analysis showed the morphology of ZnO was the nanorods. The nanocomposites Ag/ZnO and F-MWCNT/ZnO which prepared, separately were tested for H₂S gas at low (2 ppm) and high (50 ppm) concentrations. ZnO nanorods films showed a sensitivity of 14.71% for pure ZnO with a fast response time of 25.2 sec and recovery time of 33.3 sec towards 2 ppm H₂S. For Ag NPs/ZnO and f-MWCNTs/ZnO, sensors showed a significant sensitivity of 27.95 and 42.39 % at ~150 °C with a response time and recovery time less than pure ZnO. The ZnO sensor showed a higher sensitivity at ~150 °C for both Ag NPs and F-MWCNTs at high gas concentration, where it was 35.085 and 58.89% respectively.

Abstract: Copper (II) is an essential heavy metal for living things and is beneficial for the environment if levels are still below permitted limits. Copper (II) levels in the environment can be determined using potentiometric sensors. The sensitivity in measuring the copper (II) potentiometric sensor greatly determines the analysis results. To increase the sensitivity of the potentiometric copper (II) sensor, AuNPs compounds were added to the composition of the membrane material based on S-Methyl N-(Methylcarbamoyloxy) Thioacetimidate or methomyl. In this research, the optimum composition of the membrane for making copper (II) potentiometric sensors based on methomyl has been determined and the effect of AuNPs compounds on the sensitivity of copper (II) potentiometric sensors based on methomyl has been studied. Research variables include the composition of the membrane used and variations in the addition of AuNPs compounds to the optimum membrane composition. The research results show the optimum performance of the copper (II) potentiometric sensor on the membrane composition methomyl: PVC: DOP with a ratio of 17: 17: 66 (%w/w) which produces a Nernst Factor value of 28.09 mV/decade. The addition of AuNPs compounds to the potentiometric copper (II) sensor membrane showed optimum performance when adding 0.1 mL of AuNPs with a Nernst Factor value of 29.55 mV/decade with a detection limit of 0.6 ppm copper (II). The addition of AuNPs compounds to the optimum membrane composition can increase the Nernst Factor value which is close to the theoretical Nernst Factor value.

Abstract: The development of non-enzymatic glucose biosensor has been the concern of many researchers mainly because enzymes based sensor despite having excellent sensitivity and selectivity, has the limitations such as poor stability, complicated enzyme immobilization, critical operating conditions such as optimum temperature and reproducibility. This study developed a cheap biocompatible non-enzymatic glucose biosensor based on silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) stabilized with sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) cross-linked chitosan. Direct electron transfer and electro-catalytic activity of the AgNPs modified glassy carbon electrode (AgNPGCE) was investigated using potentiometric and amperometric techniques. AgNPs was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystalline size of the AgNPs was revealed with XRD. However, the SEM micrograph of AgNPs revealed the spherical shape with a non-uniform granular shape attributed to bio-mediated ionic gelation process. The FTIR spectra of AgNPs shown peaks at 1054 – 1645 cm^-1 suggesting the presence of phosphonate linkages between ammonium, -NH₃⁺ of chitosan and -PO₃^2- moieties of NaTPP during cross linking process. Electro-catalytic oxidation of glucose at the AgNPGCE surface and the mechanism involved in glucose oxidation was revealed via cyclic voltammetry. The AgNPGCE showed a better electrochemical response towards glucose. This glucose sensor showed high sensitivity at +0.54 V. A low detection limit of 1.22 µM (the confident level κ = 3), and wide linear range of 2 to 24 µM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9987 were obtained. The calculated parameters revealed that AgNPGCE had shown better overall electrochemical performance and response than enzymatic biosensor.

Abstract: This research is an invention of a non-linear sensor measurement process with a non-linear interpolation technique using a method with the Goen constant equation. This invention is not a linearization technique, so a comparison signal technique is not needed from the output of the non-linear sensor. Therefore, the advantage of this technique without a comparison signal is that it is more responsive. In addition, the costs incurred are cheaper because if the non-linear sensor uses a linearization technique, it will require additional electronic devices to support the use of the comparison signal technique. Two-way non-linear sensor measurements can be done simply using one-way measurement techniques using Ivan Newton Interpolation (INI). There are two non-linear sensor measurement process techniques. The first technique measures conditions outside the sensor that are non-linearly correlated to the sensor's characteristic values. The second technique measures sensor characteristic values non-linearly correlated to the condition values outside the sensor. This second technique can be done indirectly using the trial and error (TE) interpolation technique. The non-linear sensor measurement technique using INI will produce a two-way non-linear correlation between the conditions outside the sensor and the sensor characteristic values. This measurement technique will produce a non-linear correlation, so a comparison technique is unnecessary for the linearization process. The output response results from the non-linear sensor measurement process technique with INI can be more responsive when used as a control sensor. More responsive when compared to non-linear sensors using linearization techniques. This can happen because the linearization technique requires a slope comparison process using a comparison signal first.

Abstract: Technological progress introduces new ideas and methods that eventually end up being in another technology. One technology can not provide a solid ground for the future and, thus, technologies intervene with each other. A combination of technologies allows the achievement of greater application in different fields and areas and better performance and functionality. The Internet of Things is not a new idea, but due to the improvement of other technology can be used in different industries to achieve better optimization. Internet of Things can be found in different industries, but the focus of this work is in the field of robotics. Therefore, the following work will try to illustrate the use of technology in this field. A brief definition of the Internet of Things will be covered. The application of the technology in robotics will be outlined with its future perspectives. The advantages and drawbacks of the Internet of Things in the field of robotics will be discussed at the end.

Abstract: This prototype of a CO2 sensor with Internet of Things (IoT) offers an affordable solution for measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in parts per million (ppm). It utilizes specialized sensors to detect CO2 concentrations in the environment. The prototype combines multiple CO2 measurement sensors with an Arduino microcontroller to process the collected data and provide comprehensible ppm CO2 readings. Additionally, an ESP-32 has been incorporated to enable IoT connectivity, allowing for the transmission of CO2 readings to a cloud platform. This platform displays the most recent readings and maintains a brief history of previous measurements, providing real-time insights into CO2 conditions and a record for analysis. A noteworthy feature of this prototype is its buoy system, which enables operation in aquatic environments while minimizing the risk of submersion, ensuring that the sensor remains on the water’s surface without direct contact with the liquid.

Abstract: We have proposed a building automation system to control the active systems such as lightning including artificial lighting on/off, air conditioners and safety features like earthquake alarm, fire alarm and gas alarm to make the building services more advanced.

Abstract: The extensive use of pesticides can result in overexposure and soil, water, and produce residues. For instance, residues of malathion were found on some vegetables. Molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIP) have been recently developed for sensing of pesticide residues. This study prepared malathion-imprinted polymers via precipitation polymerization and deposited on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electrodes. FTIR spectroscopy proved the incorporation and removal of malathion in the matrix of MIP. SEM images revealed that MIP particles are larger than the non-imprinted polymer (NIP) particles due to the incorporation of malathion. Binding experiments were done using standard malathion solutions of 10 to 60 ppm. The MIP-QCM sensor had a greater response than the NIP-QCM sensor. This is due to the specific binding sites in the MIP matrix. On the other hand, the response of NIP-QCM sensor is attributed to the non-specific adsorption sites in its matrix. A sensitivity and detection limit of 1.62 Hz·L/mg and 5.67 ppm, respectively were determined for the MIP-QCM sensor. Lastly, the MIP-QCM sensor is stable and reusable up to three (3) cycles.

Abstract: Due to the challenges of providing constant observation and control of the curing environment, the effectiveness of the conventional concrete process on site is poor. This causes a significant difference in the curing regimes encountered by various concrete pours. Yet, the potential of Internet of things (IoT) technologies has not yet been exploited in this context. To improve concrete practice, technologies have been harnessed that reduce human participation and enable more rigorous management of the ambient variables impacting curing. The interior temperature of concrete may be directly measured in real time and continuously monitored by a management system for in-place concrete using an all-in-one wireless sensor network (WSN) during the initial phases of curing. Without considering the wiring at the building site, the algorithm may also provide a well-informed choice about the removal of the formworks. To monitor and regulate the moisture content of hardening concrete to the levels necessary for high-quality hardened concrete, this research study looked at an IoT-based concrete curing control system based on sensor technologies. The effectiveness of this IoT-based technique was compared to the effectiveness of conventional curing procedures based on on-site trials. According to the findings, the system developed beats the conventional method in terms of both the effectiveness of concrete curing and the amount of time required for supervision.