Papers by Keyword: Sewage

Abstract: The majority of passengers on sea cruises do not even think that they endanger the environment and human health more with a cruise of at least one week than if they had chosen another way of travel. The large amount of fuel burned during the journey pollutes the atmosphere and thus endangers health, and all kinds of (dangerous) waste and sewage generated daily on ships cannot remain on board. A ship carrying an approx. 3,000 passengers produces an average of nearly 80 m3 of wastewater per day! Newer ships are often capable of carrying 8,000 passengers, so their daily waste water production is obviously larger than this. It is enough to see these huge floating cities with 10-12 floors (Fig. 1.)

Abstract: The study investigated the structure of the integrated solar and hydraulic jump enhanced waste stabilization pond (ISHJEWSP) variables. Also, to determine the cluster of the most important variables that account for the performance of the ISHJEWSP using principal component analysis (PCA). Three sets of experimental ponds were constructed with varying locations of point of initiation of hydraulic jump. Wastewater samples collected from the inlet and outlet for varying inlet velocities were examined for physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics for a period of nine months. The Pearson’s R-matrix and KMO statistic were used in evaluating the structure of the variables. Consequently, the variables of temperature, pH, algae concentration, solar radiation, and locations of the point of initiation of hydraulic jump were subjected to PCA. Two components had eigenvalues above the Jolliffe’s criterion and in combination explained 90.66% of the total variance. The inflexion of the scree plot justified the retained components. The analysis after rotation revealed that the parameters of pH, temperature, solar radiation, and algal concentration loaded highly to component 1. This underscores the precedence of ambient climatic conditions, alongside the state of the wastewater in general, to the inlet velocity and location of point of initiation of hydraulic jump.

Abstract: The results of a survey of the background parasitic characteristics on individual structures of the municipal sewage treatment plant are given. It is established that 27% of the grids and sand trap are retained, the effectiveness of the retention in the biological treatment facilities after the secondary settling tank corresponded to 61.9%. Helminth eggs are mostly concentrated in sewage sludge, to a large extent maintaining their viability (90%). An imitating model of the process of disinvasion of sewage and sediments was developed, represented by a network diagram for sewage treatment fa-cilities. In production conditions, an experiment was performed to determine the influence of exter-nal factors on the efficiency of dehelmintization by the plant reagent.

Abstract: This study was conducted to design and implement microbial fuel cells (MFC) using graphite and carbon paste electrode to harness electricity from sewage water. The effect of the number of anodic graphite electrodes and concentration of zinc acetate on the voltage output was investigated. One-way ANOVA at 5% level of significance showed that there is no significant difference between the number of graphite electrodes and the voltage output of the MFC. The zinc acetate concentrations used were 0.005M, 0.01N, 0.02M, and 0.04M. Result showed that there was no significant difference using the 0.005M, 0.01M, and 0.04M zinc acetate concentration. The Tukey simultaneous comparison revealed that 0.02M MFC exhibited a significant difference in the voltage output compared to the other concentrations. The study showed that carbon paste electrodes can be utilized in MFC as an alternative to other electrodes that are commonly used.

Abstract: Flow pattern and mode have a far influence on the efficiency of biological treatment systems. In order to investigate the effects of different flow patterns on the growth of Bacillus subtilis, a self-developed fluid mixing device was designed to produce different liquid fluidization. It was found that the greater Re, the more conducive to the growth of bacteria, which evidenced by the logarithmic phase shorter and reached stationary phase bacteria concentration increased; when the Reynolds number is low, growth curve of Bacillus subtilis appeared Growth - stationary - growth and cell precipitation phenomenon, both phenomena gradually disappeared when Re increases. Besides, it can consume dissolved oxygen after inoculation with Bacillus subtilis, which keeping the dissolved oxygen in the medium at a lower level (0~1mg/L)

Abstract: The continuous flocculator described in this article refers to a kind of continuous flocculation device designed to flocculate fermentation liquid. The honeycomb continuous flocculator is composed of a vessel and built-in trapezoid subassemblies, which divide the space within the vessel into multiple honeycomb channels. The length ratio between the longest diagonal of the regular hexagon and the axial length of the channel is within the range 0.01–0.04; and the internal surface roughness (Ra) of the channels should be 0 < Ra ≤ 0.2 μm. In contrast to current flocculator designs, the channels of the honeycomb continuous flocculator could control the floc grain size, grain fineness distribution in the fermentation liquid and flocculating time and decrease the flow resistance of the flocculating fermentation liquid and increase handling capacity. These capabilities improve solid-liquid separation efficiency for fermentation liquids. The flocculator could be used either for purification of industrial fermentation liquids or sewage treatment.

Abstract: Advanced fieldbus technology has solved the DCS system of communication caused by special network of the closed system defects, the closed, proprietary solutions into the open, standardized solution.Therefore, in this paper, according to the technological process in sewage treatment plant, combining with the distribution and characteristics of process equipment, the overall structure of the design of the sewage treatment plant automation system, and the overall structure of each component has carried on the detailed analysis and research.

Abstract: The total phosphorus in water mainly exists in the forms of phosphate, condensed phosphate, and the compound of organophosphorus. Chemical sampling analysis method has low measuring accuracy and takes long time. NIPGA technology is used in order to detect the total phosphorus content in sewage quickly, and MCNP-4C is used to take simulating calculation. The calculating results show that the measuring accuracy is lower when the total phosphorus content is less than 0.10 mg/L. But this approach can meet the measurement requirements of total phosphorus content in II-type, III-type, IV-type and V-type water.

Abstract: NIPGA technology is used in order to detect the total nitrogen content in sewage quickly. D-D neutron generator is used as the neutron source and BGO detector is used to detect gamma rays of nitrogen. The simulated result of MCNP shows the nitrogen’s limit of detection is 0.2 mg/L and the total nitrogen in V-type water can be detected. So this method can be used to detect the total nitrogen content in sewage quickly.

Abstract: The aim of this test is to study the effect of treating COD_Cr, NH₃-N, TP and turbidity of sewage with addition of coagulant PAC by using technology of combining vortex-grid flocculation tank with inclined tube sedimentation tank. The results show that the removal rate of devices treating COD_Cr, NH₃-N, TP and turbidity are 68.36%, 22.22%, 82.60% and 80.90% respectively after the stability of the device operation on the condition that the dosage is 25 mg/L and the optimum flocculation time is 17 min.