Papers by Keyword: Shear Band

Abstract: The shear band observed during tensile tests of AA5083 aluminum alloys with different grain sizes were visualized using a two-dimensional electronic speckle pattern interferometer. The effect of grain boundaries on shear band formation was investigated by extracting displacement and strain fields from interference fringe patterns and stress-strain curves. The intensity of stress oscillations and the strain level at which shear bands appeared were dependent on grain size. Small-grained specimens exhibited regular shear band formation with clear serrations, while large-grained specimens showed delayed and irregular bands with reduced stress oscillations. The formation and propagation of shear bands across grain boundaries were further analyzed from the perspective of wave dynamics.

Abstract: The effect of grain size on the initiation behavior of exfoliation corrosion in cold-rolled Mg-14mass%Li-3mass%Al alloy was examined. Exfoliation corrosion initiated after 30 minutes in the coarse-grained structure (279μm), whereas it was delayed to 60 minutes in the fine-grained structure (75μm) and further to 75 minutes in the ultrafine-grained structure (39μm). This delay is attributed to the suppression of shear band formation and localization during cold rolling with decreasing grain size, which enhances the uniformity of surface reactions in the corrosive environment and promotes faster and denser formation of the protective film at the early stage. Accordingly, the improved condition of the initial corrosion film is considered the primary factor responsible for the delayed onset of exfoliation corrosion.

Abstract: The yield behavior of amorphous metals including the metallic glass shows intrinsic dependence on the hydrostatic stress, so that yield criterion models such as Mohr-Coulomb and Drucker-Prager are often used. Both the models can explain the asymmetry in the yield stress under uniaxial compression and tension conditions, while the asymmetry in the angle of fracture surface is not able to be determined based on any of those models. The free volume model is able to provide that foundation. Shibutani et al. proposed a new constitutive model for amorphous metals that was derived from some free volume models and the flow rule using the Drucker-Prager yield function as a plastic potential, and investigated the yield behavior and the formation of localized shear band under some temperature conditions using the implicit static FEM code. The formation of shear bands is an unstable phenomenon that is greatly affected by the initial imperfection. In this model, on the other hand, the temperature or the strain rate also affects the yield behavior considerably. In this study, the impact fracture of metallic glass was investigated by implementing the constitutive model proposed by Shibutani et al. into the explicit dynamic FEM code DYNA3D, with laying emphasis on reproducing asymmetry in the angle of fracture surface and the examination of effects of strain rate and temperature change.

Abstract: Recently, it was reported that Cu-Al alloys of low stacking fault energy (SFE) processed by severe plastic deformation show excellent tensile properties due to TWIP (Twinning induced Plasticity) phenomenon. In this study, Cu-15at% Al sheets were heavily processed by conventional multi-pass cold rolling up to 90% in reduction in thickness without annealing. In order to reveal the change in mechanical properties and the microstructure evolution, tensile test, hardness test, optical microscopy (OM) and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) analysis were performed. Deformation twinning due to low SFE is observed even in the case of low reduction in thickness. As the reduction increases, grains are refined by intersections of shear bands. It is found that the balance of strength and elongation of the processed sheets is comparable to those by severe plastic deformation followed by annealing in literature.

Abstract: Deformation characteristics of brass alloy are still under discussion, particularly concerning the critical level of when the change of deformation mechanism occurs. Previous research showed that the addition of Mn on brass alloys resulted in grain refinement and mechanical properties alteration. However, the effects of Mn on the deformation characteristic of brass alloys have not been investigated. In this research, Cu-Zn-xMn alloys were manufactured by gravity casting process using pure Cu and Zn ingots, as well as Mn chips as the feeding materials. Mn addition was varied to 1.26, 3.48, and 5.83wt.%. As-cast samples were homogenized at 800 °C for 2 h in a muffle furnace. The samples were then cold-rolled with the level of deformation of 20, 40, and 70 %. Samples characterization includes chemical composition analysis, microstructure observation, tensile and hardness testing. The results showed that addition of Mn for 5.83 wt.% and above created β’ phase, which is richer in Mn compare to that in the matrix. This phase segregated in the grain and along the grain boundary with irregular forms. Significant increase in hardness, yield and tensile strengths was observed with addition of Mn. The maximum elongation was achieved by addition of 3.48 wt.% Mn, while further addition tended to decrease it. At 20% deformation, slip dominated and its density reduced with addition of Mn. When the deformation level increased to 40%, twinning replaced slip as the predominant mechanism. Twinning density is slightly increase with the presence of Mn. Further deformation at 70% produced shear bands and flattened the β’ phase. Greater Mn content led to formation of more shear band.

Abstract: The use of lead-free brass is growing due to the restriction of the lead content in many components. Bismuth replaces lead in the brass alloys and contributes to the machinability and pressure tightness characteristics. However, Bi is immiscible in copper and fills the inter-dendritic spaces during solidication that yields negative impacts on the mechanical properties. This research studied the effects of addition of 0.6 wt. % Bi on the characteristics of Cu-29Zn alloy during cold rolling and subsequent annealing process. The Cu-29Zn-0.6wt.%Bi alloy was produced by gravity casting in a metal mold with the dimension of 110x110x6 mm³. The as-cast plate was homogenized at 800 °C for 2 hours and then cold rolled with the level of deformation of 20, 40 and 70 % in multiple passes. The samples with 70% deformation was annealed at 350, 400 and 450 °C for 15 minutes. Characterization of materials included Vickers hardness measurement and microstructural observation by using optical microscope and SEM. The results showed that addition of Bi reduced the grain size, formed discrete globules in the interdendritic areas and increased the hardness. The globules as dispersoid bismuth deformed and filled intergranular spaces during rolling and promoted the formation of cross slip mechanism at the 20% deformation. At the 40% deformation, the globules led to more closely spaced twin lamellae and increased the twinning density. The phenomena created an inhomogeneous deformation and promoted the formation of shear band. Annealing process dispersed the Bi globules into tight structures along the grain boundaries.The presence of dispersed bismuth increased the rate of recrystallization during annealing due to the increased in potential site for nucleation. In contrast, the dispersed bismuth acted as the pinning agent that inhibited the grain growth and developed smaller grain size which resulted in higher hardness.

Abstract: The brittle to ductile failure mode transition and the formation of adiabatic shear bands (ASB) of polypropylene were observed at high strain rate impact loading. The dynamic experiments were conducted using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) set-up with hat-shaped specimens. The post-test observations of the recovered specimens were performed by polarized light microscopy. The mechanical behaviors of specimens are strongly influenced by temperature, the strength of specimen decreases with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the specimen fractures as a brittle solid at room temperature (20°C), while at a high temperature (100°C), the specimen fractures on a ductile model. At high temperature impact tests, shear bands are observed in the shear zone of the hat-shaped specimen, and the cracks formed at the corners propagate along the shear bands.

Abstract: Sheets of Cu-24wt.%Ag alloy were prepared through the process of forging, cold rolling and heat treatment to reveal the evolution of microstructures, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. The experimental results showed that nanomultilayered structure of Cu and Ag phases arranged alternatively was obtained, with numerous nanoscale Ag precipitate-fibers embedded in Cu matrix. The lamellas in longitudinal section became curved gradually and shear bands appeared when the deformation exceeded 90.79%. With the increase of rolling strain, the average layer thickness and spacing decreased progressively and reached to less than 200 nm as the strain surpassed 96%, resulting in rapid enhancement of the hardness. The heat treatment at 250°C markedly improved electrical conductivity of the alloy, with little decline of the hardness. The anisotropy of the alloy reduced with rising temperature. Local spheroidization occurred when the alloy was heat treated at 300°C. Hardening of this Cu-Ag alloy is predominated by Cu/Ag interface in strain stage of 80%~99%, leaning mainly upon layer thickness and spacing.

Abstract: Nanoindentation and thermomechanical experiments on three types of metallic glasses with different glass forming ability were carried out. The nanoindentation behaviour at room temperature was associated with the creep at elevated temperatures. Different discontinuity populations and their shape observed on the nanoindentation loading curves were compared with morphology of plastic deformed indent regions. The influence of the differences in thermal stability of studied alloys on the nanoindentation in these alloys were studied as well.

Abstract: We analyzed the failure characteristics of the metallic glass Co₄₃Fe₂₀Ta_5.5B_31.5 (at.%) deformed in bending. The nanoscale fracture surface morphology respects the micromechanisms of the failure of the amorphous structure. The fracture surfaces consist of nanosized dimples (40 nm) arranged in the lines respecting the periodic corrugation zones oriented perpendicular to the crack propagation direction. The corrugation topology exhibits the point nature of the generation site, the concentric form of the stress waves and their interference.