Papers by Keyword: Siliconizing

Abstract: Heat treatments of alloys in fluidized bed reactors have been carried out for more than twenty-five years. Recently this technology has been used for surface engineering applications in the deposition of hard and/or corrosion resistant layers e.g. aluminizing, chromizing, nitriding, carburizing, boronizing. The fluidized bed method is simple, efficient, environmentally friendly and capable of immediate adjusting the furnace atmosphere for specific requirements e.g. production of multielement coatings. The boride coatings on steel have an excellent combination of properties e.g. high fatigue strength and wear resistance. On the other hand silicide coatings are well known for their excellent corrosion resistance. Boron-siliconizing in fluidized beds is a promising method to improve both the wear and corrosion properties of steels. In the present paper fluidized bed technology (FBT) was used to deposit boride and boron-silicide coatings on steels. The coatings were examined by means of electron and optical microscopy and X-Rays diffraction, in terms of the coatings composition, morphology, thickness and phase formation. The coatings tribological properties were evaluated under dry wear.

Abstract: In this study, the friction and wear properties of the siliconized, chromized and borochromized SS 400 steel/Si₃N₄ tribopairs were investigated in ethyl alcohol at 298 K. The surface of the siliconized plate specimens mainly consisted of Fe₃Si, while the surfaces of the chromized and borochromized steel plate specimens were mainly composed of Fe-Cr alloy and Cr₂B phases, respectively. The borochromized specimens exhibited the highest microvickers hardness of all the plate specimens. Also, it was found that both the chromized and borochromized steel specimens exhibited friction coefficients as low as 0.2 in ethyl alcohol, and that the friction coefficients of the siliconized steel specimens were slightly lower than those of the non-coated steel specimens.

Abstract: Fluidized bed technology has been used for surface engineering applications in the deposition of hard and/or corrosion resistant layers e.g. aluminizing, chromizing, nitriding, carburizing, boronizing. In the present paper we used fluidized bed technology (FBT) to deposit silicide coatings on steels. The silicide coatings are well known for their excellent corrosion resistance. Siliconizing in fluidized bed is a promising method to improve the corrosion resistance of steel without altering its other properties. The asproduced silicide coatings are uniform all over the steel substrate, with good thickness, adequate adherence and consisted only from the phase FeSiC.

Abstract: The surface alloying of Si into SUS304 austenitic stainless steel was carried out by a halide-activated pack-cementation method. By this treatment, the silicon diffusion layer containing about 13 at.% Si was formed. The high temperature corrosion resistance of this specimen was evaluated under the continuous deposition of salt. The result of the corrosion test showed that the oxidation mass gain of the siliconized stainless steel was lower than that of non-treated stainless steel. It was found from the observation of the cross-section of the specimen after the corrosion test that a thin scale was formed on the silicon diffusion layer and silicon oxide was formed as an inner layer of the scale. A mechanism of the oxidation suppression for the siliconized steel under the continuous deposition of salt was investigated by the oxidation test of pure silicon, iron, chromium or nickel powder mixed with equimolar NaCl-KCl. As a result, it was found that the high corrosion resistance of the siliconized steel was attributable to the fact that the silicon oxide formed on the silicon diffusion layer was inert to the chemical reaction with the NaCl-KCl salt.

Abstract: Based on the favorable effect of the elements Al and Si on the improvement in reducing hydrogen permeability, a new combined process of simultaneous aluminizing and siliconizing, followed by oxidizing treatments using double glow plasma technology on 316L substrate was developed in this work. Microstructure and phase structure of as- prepared coating was examined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The results showed that the simultaneous aluminizing and siliconizing coating consisted of an outer aluminide layer (dissolved Si) and a diffusion zone. After a combined process, a continuous and compact Al2O3-rich coating was formed at the outermost surface. SiO2 was also detectable in the oxide coating.

Abstract: The heavy refractory metals and alloys Molybdenum (Mo), Molybdenum – Silicon – Boron (Mo–Si-B; “MoSiBor”), Tungsten (W), Tungsten – Copper (W-Cu), Tungsten – Nickel – Iron (W-Ni-Fe; “Densimet D 176 and 185”) and Tungsten – Nickel – Molybdenum - Iron (W-Ni- Mo-Fe; “Densimet D2M”) were pack-treated at 1100°C with Silicon - powder to form siliconized zones and/or intermetallic phases which are intended to be more oxidation resistant than the plain base materials. These materials (especially the W-based ones) are used at ambient conditions as counterweights, radiation shields etc. because of their high density as well as at high temperatures (600 – 900°C) as metal forming tools, electrodes etc. because of their refractory metal content. In both areas of conditions oxidation of the plain materials occurs and leads to lower functionality or destruction. A suitable oxidation test has been defined to check the presumably enhanced oxidation resistance of the pack-treated materials: an isothermal high temperature oxidation test at 700 and 900°C for one week. At these conditions all untreated materials would have been more or less strongly oxidized. Improved oxidation resistance could be found for the materials with pack-cementation treatment except for sintered Tungsten (92% dense), sharp etched D 185 and D 176 at 900°C and Tungsten – Copper at both temperatures. More stable and dense superficial oxides were formed which led to decreased oxidation rates and could help to increase functional stability and the lifetime of the components. Different pack-treatments e.g. with chromium or silicon plus chromium could improve the behaviour of the materials which failed within this work.

Abstract: The paper describes a positive influence of silicon on the high-temperature oxidation resistance of titanium. Since silicon additions can be realized both by bulk and by surface alloying, the surface siliconizing techniques, as well as structure of the Si-rich layers, are illustrated. Furthermore, the high-temperature cyclic oxidation resistance of the surface siliconized titanium and of the TiSi2 alloy are compared to that of pure Ti and TiAl6V4 alloy, and the oxidation mechanism is discussed.