Papers by Keyword: Small Holes

Abstract: This article has carried on the simulation research of tool wear in electrical discharge machining (EDM) small holes on titanium alloy with the finite element method. Aiming at electrode material removal process in EDM, a 3D thermodynamics model of single pulse discharge material removal is established with Ansys software. By simulating the Gaussian distribution of heat flux and thermal convection loads of discharge channel, the same type of surface heat source is exerted on both positive and negative electrodes with different distribution coefficients and different material characteristics, to analyze the surface temperature field in the region of tool and workpiece processing area, and respectively obtain the heat distribution law along the radius and depth directions of copper and titanium alloy electrodes, in the condition of small hole positive polarity EDM machining on TC4 with copper as the tool electrode. Using the birth and death element method, the volumes of material removal on both electrodes are calculated to analyze the tool wear. The experiments of small hole EDM machining on TC4 are carried out, and the results of simulation and experiment are compared. It is shown that the simulation model can not only accurately predict the relative wear of both electrodes, the simulation results of material removal volumes on both electrodes are also almost accurate.

Abstract: A device was designed to study the small holes by the rotary combined ultrasonic and electrochemical machining, and the gap between cathode and anode in the processing was also analyzed. A three-dimensional model of flow field was developed in ANSYS CFX software based on FEM by the gas-liquid two-phase fluid cavitations model as well as the effect of rotary cathode and the vibrated cathode to the flow field was analyzed. The simulation showed that the pressure and the velocity of the electrolyte in the gap were oscillated by additional motion of cathode, which is helpful to the electrochemical machining. The comparison of rotary electrochemical machining and the rotary combined ultrasonic and electrochemical machining showed that the rotary combined ultrasonic and electrochemical machining has better ability of making small holes than that of rotary electrochemical machining

Abstract: This study describes a novel process to drill small holes in brittle materials such as glass, silicon and ceramic using a self-elastic polycrystalline diamond (PCD) drilling tool. In order to improve the surface roughness and reduce crack of the small holes, a new type of self-elastic PCD drilling tool equipped with vibration absorbing materials inside the housing was developed to fabricate small holes in glass in this study. The self-elastic PCD drilling tools could absorb the mechanical force by the vibration absorbing materials while the PCD tool penetrates into the small holes. Compared to conventional PCD drilling tools, the experimental results show that high-quality small holes drilled in glass can be achieved with cracking as small as 0.02mm on the outlet surface using the self-elastic PCD drilling tool.

Abstract: This paper aims at the development of an alterative technique for truing and dressing a small vitrified CBN grinding wheel used for the internal finishing of small holes measuring several millimeters in diameter. In conventional truing and dressing, a single-tip diamond dresser or a rotary GC cup wheel dresser is employed. This levels off the improvement in the wheel truing accuracy because the stiffness of the grinding wheel shaft with an open-sided structure is low, and the shaft is thus deformed easily due to the truing force. In the present work, a new truing and dressing technique is proposed in which a Nd:YAG laser beam is employed as the dresser. Experiments were carried out with respect to the effects of the laser beam conditions (amplitude, width and frequency of pulse, and focus offset) and the relative motion between the laser beam and CBN wheel. It was found that the run-out of the CBN wheel was decreased significantly, and the wheel surface condition was improved greatly after laser truing and dressing.

Abstract: A unified method is presented for the prediction of the fatigue strength of steel components containing small holes and being subjected to combined loading. Materials investigated were an annealed 0.37% carbon steel and a quenched and tempered Cr-Mo steel. Combined axial and torsional fatigue loading tests were carried out using specimens containing a small hole, which was introduced into the surface by drilling. The diameter of holes equaled the depth and was either 100µm or 500µm. The non-propagating cracks emanating in the radial direction from the holes were observed at the fatigue limit. When the loading condition is the same, they were on a plane that inclined at the same angle with respect to the specimen axis, regardless of the size of holes. This result suggested that the fatigue strength would be controlled by the Mode I threshold condition for propagation of a crack initiated on a critical plane. A criterion connecting uniaxial fatigue strength with multiaxial fatigue strength was proposed based upon the assumption that at the threshold level, the variation of the stress intensity factor of a Mode I crack initiated under combined loading equaled that under uniaxial loading. The predictive method proposed based upon this criterion is practical in that no fatigue test is necessary in making predictions. For the various conditions of in-phase and out-of-phase fatigue loadings with an imposed mean or static load, experimental results agreed well with predictions.