Papers by Keyword: Sodium Chloride

Abstract: Abrasives play a crucial role in surface blasting, especially in cold climates, where snow and ice significantly challenge transportation infrastructure and road safety. The main purpose of this research is to address the critical need for effective and sustainable winter maintenance techniques. This study examined the possibilities of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag (BOFS) as a substitute (an abrasive substance) for conventional aggregates in ice-melting applications. Thus, this research assessed the physical properties of BOFS, such as absorption capacity, tested at -5°C, and aggregate angularity test, and designed for evaluation of the surface texture, friction, and percentage of fractured faces in uncompacted voids (SSD%) of the aggregates. Moreover, the potential use of a blend of BOFS with de-icing salts, specifically sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂), was investigated as an effective ice-melting agent. For this purpose, three tests were carried out: the petri dish test according to SHRP H-205.1, the polishing ice melting test using a modified ASTM C 944 (rotational cutter), and the surface temperature measurement test. By assessing the performance of BOFS, our goal was to justify its efficacy, offering a practical alternative for regions experiencing severe winter conditions. Eventually, the findings from this study assert that BOFS can be used for surface blasting, indicating its potential as a substitute for traditional abrasives.

Abstract: Influence of small additives of copper, silver and tin on the angle of wetting and work of adhesion of monocrystals of chlorides of potassium and sodium is considered. The nature of interphase interaction of limit of the section monocrystals of chlorides of sodium and potassium with additives of the specified metals is revealed.

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the corrosion resistance of 5052 aluminum alloy to increasing salinity in sea water. Salt spray chamber was used to measure and compare the corrosion rate of 5052 aluminum alloy with weight reduction method. The experiment was conducted by varying the three concentrations of NaCl solution to compare the corrosion rate of the metal. The test specimens used were aluminum alloy 5052 with length of 6 cm, width of 4 cm and thickness of 0.7 cm. The tests were carried out for 48 hours, aggressive NaCl solutions with concentrations of 3.5%, 4% and 5% were used as an artificial sea water corrosion medium and the temperature in the test chamber was maintained at 35 °C. Corrosion rate for 3.5% NaCl solution, 4% NaCl solution and 5% NaCl solution were 0.197 mm/year, 0.541 mm/year and 0.558 mm/year, respectively. The higher concentration leads to greater corrosion rate.

Abstract: The article presents results of researches on treatment of spent acid etching solution (SAES) formed during etching of titanium products by hydrochloric acid. The process includes neutralization of SAES with alkali, filtering, drying and calcinations of titanium hydroxide precipitate and electrochemical processing of the filtrate containing sodium chloride in a cell with ion exchange membranes. During electrolysis, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are produced. The proposed process scheme of SAES treatment allows to obtain titanium dioxide, sodium hydroxide and acid. Titanium dioxide can be used in paint and coatings industry. Alkali can be used in SAES neutralization process. The acid is suitable for use in etching process of titanium products.

Abstract: Utilization of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu to replace toxic lead-based solder was only feasible if the corrosion performance of this solder was assured. To obtain this information, potentiodynamic polarization was implement in 3.5 wt. % NaCl. The morphological and structural changes were investigated via crucial characterization methods (SEM and XRD). Collective evidences verified that the needle-like corrosion product confirmed to be made ofSnO, SnO₂ and SnCl^- and responsible to passivation behavior of this solder.

Abstract: In this paper, preliminary results of an experimental campaign carried out on masonry triplets subjected to weathering cycles in salt solution are presented. Weathering cycles are constituted of a wetting phase by capillary rise of a sodium chloride solution and a drying phase in oven. At the end of the last conditioning cycle, triplets are shear tested in order to quantitatively assess the effects of salts on their mechanical behaviour, in particular on the Mohr-Coulomb relationship. To this aim, three levels of pre-compression are applied during the shear tests. For comparison purposes, unconditioned triplets are also tested under the same loading conditions.

Abstract: This study deals with the evaluation of self-healing ability of conducting polymer corresponding to a corrosion process. Poly ortho-anisidine (PoA) was doped with Phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) and Tungstosilicic acid (TSA) and incorporated in polyvinyl butyral (PVB) coatings. The self-healing abilities of coatings were evaluated using open circuit potential (OCP) in 0.1 M NaCl solution for 45 hours of immersion. The coatings containing doped PoA showed increased positive potential of OCP after 45 hours of immersion as compare toblank PVB which showed a constant profile of OCP over the time indicating uniform corrosion under the coating.Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that PoA doped with TSA is more stable and more effective in the coating. High resolution Transmission Electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirms the doping of PoA.

Abstract: Non-conventional machine are nowadays plays a vital role in manufacturing complex shaped products and to produce the product with high accuracy the electrochemical machining is widely used to machine complicated shapes for electrically conducting difficult-to-machine materials such as super alloys, Ti-alloys, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel, etc. such titanium-based alloys are in common use for aero engine components such as blades and blisks (blade integrated disks). Therefore, in this present work to investigate the influence of some predominant electrochemical process parameters such as applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, Micro-tool feed rate and duty cycle on the metal removal rate , overcut and surface roughness to fulfill the effective utilization of electrochemical machining of Pure-titanium. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of process parameters on machining characteristics and optimize the combination of those parameters using Taguchi-grey relational analysis. From this result, it is observed that process parameters have significant role in Electrochemical Micromachining process and the optimization values has been found using proposed multi-response methodology.

Abstract: Enormous funds are spent on the protection of engineering components and structures annually as a result of corrosion. Degradation sets in, due to electrochemical reaction that takes place between materials and the environment leading to reduced performance. The associated downtime caused by replacement and maintenance of vessels, pipes, valves and other equipment necessitated seeking for techniques and method to efficiently combat corrosion. This study evaluated the potentiodynamic polarization of brass, Coated Mild Steel (CMS) and Stainless Steel (SS) in sodium chloride (NaCl). The samples (1 x 30 x 30 mm³) were used as working electrodes for Potentiodynamic Polarization Experiment (PPE). The samples were cleaned, and soaked in 1M NaCl solution. Open circuit potentials and current densities of the samples were obtained from PPE which were used to evaluate their corrosion rates. The pH of the media was recorded before and after each experiment. The results obtained using PPE in NaCl (in mm/y) were 0.209, 0.0053 and 0.0046; for brass, MSC and SS respectively. The pH of the medium was measured as 10.9.The results revealed that brass had highest corrosion rate in the medium. The least corrosion rate was obtained for Stainless Steel in 1M NaCl followed by Coated Mild Steel.

Abstract: The recovery of metallic aluminum from the waste generated in the production of secondary aluminum by bioleaching process using the nutrient medium MKM was investigated. The development of this project was carried out due to the need to treat waste foundry which have a major impact on the environment, using environmentally friendly techniques, such as bioleaching. At work, bioleaching of smelting slag of aluminum generated in the laboratories of the Department of Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, UNAM, was reported. Tests were conducted using thermophilic microorganisms at 70°C in an orbital incubator at natural pH, obtaining metallic clean aluminum, aluminum in solution and salts solution. The pH, bacterial growth and redox potential were monitored daily. We conclude that bioleaching of aluminum slags is feasible. The lack of information about the treatment of this type of industrial waste, makes this research is pioneer in this field.