Papers by Keyword: Soil

Abstract: The study evaluates the method of investigation of soil contamination with heavy metals at the sites of explosions. Results of method application were obtained. Soil samples were collected in location selected as the typical place were explosions take place for explosive objects destruction. For the qualitative and quantitative analysis of soil samples, the "KBr tablets" method was used. Obtained pellets were investigated with spectral-analytical installation created on the basis of infrared-spectrometer IKS-21 and thermal imager LAND-814. IR spectrometric research was carried out in the most informative spectral range of wavelengths of 7.5...14 μm. Proposed method of investigation of soil contamination with heavy metals at the sites of explosions allowed to identify presence of such metals as Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni and Zn in soil samples of explosion site. Mg, Ni and Zn show stable presence in the soil of explosion site with low amount. Al, Cu and Fe we have seen sharp decrease of logarithmic transmittance value at the depth of 10…15 cm which means that these elements are accumulated at these depths of soil after explosions.

Abstract: L'objectif de ce travail est la caractérisation morphologique et physico-chimique d'échantillons de sols issus d'activités d'orpaillage dans la région de Komabangou (Niger). Les analyses ont été réalisées à l'aide d'un microscope électronique à balayage couplé à la spectroscopie dispersive en énergie (SEM-EDS), d'un pH-mètre, d'un COT-mètre et par infrarouge. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les sols des sites étudiés sont généralement acides. En effet, l'analyse infrarouge donne les constituants majoritaires : silice, calcite, aluminium, fer et magnésium. L'analyse MEB a montré la présence de feuilles d'argile dispersées sous forme de filaments ou d'amas d'agrégats qui peuvent être dus à la présence de carbonates ainsi qu'à la présence d'éléments traces métalliques. L'analyse par spectroscopie d'énergie dispersive (DES) du sol pollué du site (S1) a révélé la présence de 60,25 % d'oxygène (O) ; 18,70 % de carbone (C); 8,34 % de silice (SiO₂ ); 4,72 % d'aluminium (Al); 0,86 % de fer (Fe); 0,79 % magnésium (Mg); 0,12 % de titane (Ti); 0,11 % de zinc (Zn); 0,06 % de cadmium (Cd) et 0,0 % de plomb (Pb). En revanche, pour le site périphérique (S3), on note 77,09 % d'oxygène (O) ; 14,49 % de silice (SiO ₂ ); 8,89 % d'aluminium (Al); 1,11 % de fer (Fe); 0,34 % de potassium (K) et quelques traces de manganèse (0,03 %) ; cobalt (0,01 %) ; cuivre (0,01 %) ; nickel (0,01 %) ; chrome; cadmium; mener. Enfin, le site témoin (ET), qui est vierge, contient 67,56 % d'oxygène ; 17,86 % carbone; 9,18 % silice; 4,28 % aluminium ; 0,91 % de fer et 0,13 % de potassium.

Abstract: Soil is a material that has an essential role in construction. Soils that have low bearing capacity require soil improvement. One method of soil improvement is soil stabilization using composite portland cement. Based on the results of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) test, the location in this study, namely Cibingbin village, Pandeglang Regency, has a bearing capacity of 2.67%, meaning that the soil at this location needs to be repaired. This study aimed to determine the effect of portland cement on physical properties and unsoaked CBR values. Variations of portland cement used were 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, with curing times of 0 days and seven days. The results showed that based on the unified soil classification system (USCS), the soil classification was in the CH category (inorganic clay with high plasticity, fat clay) and the maximum CBR value was obtained at 8% Portland cement variety at seven days curing time, namely 13.23%.

Abstract: Concrete the spirit of the infrastructures and it’s a combination of cement, water and coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and add mixtures. Sand and cement is consider as critical material in significant mix design due reality that collecting of cement and uncovering sand is impacting out. In case consider concrete the manufacturing of it release out CO₂ and other green house gases and in other hand sand expulsion furthermore is lead us to stream bed declination, so most ideal choice for the both of materials ought to be taken vital notes. Through this paper an imaginative focus on utilization of Pareva Dust as a replacement to concrete and Quartz Sand as replacement to sand at different level (5%,10%15%) is utilized and assist with getting's mom earth. Through this examination paper study is given for the mechanical and quality properties of which guide as choice in concrete.

Abstract: Soil as a building material is gaining renewed interest from academia, and the construction sector, mainly for fabricating low-environmental impact homes. The fabrication of houses with soil using traditional methods such as adobe, cob, and rammed earth dates back to ancient times. However, emerging construction technologies, such as 3D printing, can be compatible with this material for building purposes. The article presents the validation of a 3D printing system for construction applications and the evaluation of soil-cement matrices' printability. First, the paper defines the printing parameters through experimental testing on soil matrices. Then, the article evaluates the printability of soil-cement matrices through filament printing and stacking tests. The results show that the 3D printing system prototype can fabricate small and medium-sized elements with soil matrices after correctly defining the pumping speed, printing speed, and layer height. Furthermore, experimental printing test results demonstrate that soil-cement matrices can be easily extruded and stacked; however, their printability capacity is strongly affected by the total water content and printing speed. This research highlights the suitability of soil-cement mixtures for additive manufacturing, a promising outcome that can facilitate the construction of homes in remote areas using 3D printing systems.

Abstract: With the wide application of hydrogel materials in agriculture, forestry, flexible electronics, electronic information engineering, environmental detection, flexible electronics, information science, technology and so on, the development of various new functional hydrogel materials has gradually become one of the research hotspots. At present, the research on hydrogel materials is mainly focused on the preparation of various functional hydrogels by experimental methods, there is no fundamental understanding of the relationship between the “stimulus-response” and its inner microstructures. In this paper, the author uses the molecular dynamics simulation method to study the evolution of the hydrogel’s microscopic network structure, the relationship between microstructure and water absorption of hydrogels in the processes of water swelling and “stimulus-response”. The next generation of new super absorbent, high toughness, high strength and other functional hydrogels could be synthesized by the guide of this study, and these new hydrogels have a promising future to apply in new fields of technology such as flexible electronics, and biological medicine.

Abstract: The paper analyzes the impact of personal protective equipment used by the population as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment. The scale of the additional amount of waste generated as a result of the use of protective face masks, etc. is noted. The globality of the existing problem and its multiparametric impact on the components of the environment are indicated. The short-term effect of a number of disposable protective face masks on the condition of soil by chemical component has been studied. The dependence of leaching of heavy metals from masks on soil acidity was experimentally analyzed, the dynamics of mobile phosphorus and potassium in soil samples was studied. It is shown that the presence of masks in the soil leads to exceeding the standard for zinc content, while for copper content and manganese content exceeding the standard is not observed in the study period, for lead there are fluctuations in content beyond standard value. The need for long-term research on the impact of face masks on the environment, and in particular soils, was noted.

Abstract: Agarwood has been used for its fragrance and medicinal properties in Asian culture for centuries. In recent years, agarwood gains its popularity in the west due to its usage in perfume formulation. Unfortunately its supply not meets the augmentation market demand. This is mostly because of depleting nature agarwood reservoir and lack of induction technique that can produce agarwood consistently in the plantation. In this study, we look into a case where artificial inducing technique successfully produced high quality agarwood. To assure its quality, agarwood chip was analysed by Gas Chromatography for its chemical profiles. Discovered compounds were identified as sesquiterpene group which also had been characterized as major agarwood compound listed on previous studies. Few compounds that are detected such as δ-cadinene (0.20%), jinkoh-eremol (22.09%), epi-α-cadinol (4.74%), agarospirol (3.75%) and others. Soil condition that contributes into this agarwood formation; soil analysis on physical properties, chemical properties and nutrients content of the soil have been analyzed. Based on the findings, soil condition is an important factor to successfully induced high quality agarwood.

Abstract: The ceramic materials production industry produces a wide variety of products, such as sealing blocks, roof tiles and shackles, used in civil construction. However, one of the major problems related to the production of these artefacts is the large consumption of natural raw material, which are the clays that are calcined and acquire appropriate technological properties. Brazil is a country that has great prominence in the production of ceramic blocks, used to reduce the existing housing deficit, however the great variability in the characteristics of the soils in the country makes this process very difficult. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of four different soils collected in deposits in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, evaluating right after its technological parameters such as the flexural mechanical strength, water absorption and linear burning retraction of the calcined prismatic specimens at 750, 850 and 1100 °C. The results showed that the collected soils have adequate characteristics for the production of ceramic blocks at a temperature of 1100 °C.

Abstract: The engineering method of analysis of pressure of a ground on flat walls is offered at presence of combine strip superficial loading in view of seismic influences. It is recommended to determine a situation of an internal slip surface dividing an elastic zone from area of limiting balance, on the basis of the technical theory of the ultimate stress condition. Proceeding from a situation of an internal and external slip plane, size of strip loading on the fill, the pressure of a ground which is taking place in an ultimate condition, on an internal slip surface of is determined on developed by P. Yakovlev to the specified Coulomb's method [1], and on an internal side of a retaining structure on the basis of the Boussinesq decision. In comparison with the earlier developed way it is offered specified according to the Boussinesq theory a method of definition of pressure transmitted by bed on a ground of the basis and, as a consequence more reasonable definition of safety factor of stability of a structure. Thus, curvilinear normal pressure diagram in a ground under a sole of lay is replaced on isosides trapeziform.