Papers by Keyword: Solar Panel

Abstract: Solar panels are a renewable energy source capable of converting sunlight into electricity. The power output from these panels fluctuates with changes in sunlight intensity, affecting the maximum power they can produce. To maintain a stable maximum power output, an automatic controller is essential, and the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) serves this purpose. The MPPT controller reads voltage, current, and power values from the solar panel to ensure it operates at the Maximum Power Point (MPP). The Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm is a reliable MPPT method for stable power tracking, although it has a drawback in terms of speed due to its step-by-step measurement process. In contrast, the Fractional Short Circuit Current (FSCC) algorithm is faster in estimating the MPP value but less accurate in tracking actual power output. Combining the P&O and FSCC algorithms aims to create a method that rapidly determines the MPP value while ensuring stable tracking. The design's implementation uses Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to create an independent IP-Core MPPT controller, eliminating the need for aprocessor. Implementation results show that the P&O+FSCC algorithm achieves an MPP search speed of about 18 seconds, compared to approximately 55 s for P&O alone, representing a 32.72% improvement.

Abstract: Visible light communication has advantages over acoustic and radio wave transmissions in free-space and underwater. The optical transmitters are usually light emitting diodes or laser diodes, and the optical receivers are usually photodiodes or its variants. Solar panels are used for solar energy harvesting to electricity, but the panels are also available in small sizes, and hence, are finding increasing use in optical communications due to larger aperture compared to photodiodes. This work investigated by experiments the characteristics of solar panels as receivers in visible light communication (VLC). In the work, four solar panels of different physical sizes were selected for experiments and measurement. Two characteristics important to communication were investigated. First is the internal resistance at different low illumination levels of white light. Second is response to sinusoidally varying intensity of white light at varying frequencies. For the first study, two of the four panels were investigated; and for the second study, the four solar panels were investigated. An array of seven white LEDs was used as the light source. Also, underwater data communication in saline water was performed for one of the solar panels, and a photodiode in comparison. Results showed that under steady illumination, the internal resistance is both illumination level-dependent and surface area-dependent. It decreases with increase in illumination level, and surface area. Also, the rate of decrease of the internal resistance with illumination increases with surface area. For the frequency response, the cut-off frequency of the solar panel is surface area-dependent, and load-dependent. It decreases with increase in surface area, and increases with decrease in load resistance values (increased loading). For data communication, the maximum data rate obtainable with the solar panel is less to that of the photodiode. The frequency response is important in considering the bandwidth of the solar panels, which also varies with the load, while the internal resistance is important in maximum power point tracking and impedance matching with front end circuits in optical communication receivers.

Abstract: The author of this scientific paper studies the stress-strain state of the solar panel of a small spacecraft after a temperature shock. The temperature shock is caused by the entry or exit of a small spacecraft into or out the Earth's shadow. In this work is considered a one-dimensional model of thermal conductivity. It is assumed that the solar radiation flux falls properly on the solar panel. Violation of normality due to deformations is neglected. A special feature of this work is to take into account the actual fixing of the solar panel. The boundary conditions in the form of a seal are preserved. However, the mobility of the smallest spacecraft is taken into account as a result of the occurrence of a longitudinal force in the solar panel during a temperature shock. The results are compared with the simulation data without taking into account the mobility of the small spacecraft. The results of this work can be used in the design of small spacecraft for technological purposes to meet the requirements for microaccelerations.

Abstract: The efficiency of heating absorption of aluminum sheets coated with copper oxide, CuO, was evaluated in solar panels. Coatings were produced by means of two techniques: vacuum metallic deposition and copper nitrate vaporization onto a pre-heated aluminum sheet. The optical and thermal efficiency of the coatings were evaluated through measurements of the spectral reflectance and surface temperature. The nature of the coating layer was investigated by macro examination. It was found that vacuum deposition presented superior optical efficiency and better adherence. By contrast, coatings produced from vapor are more uniform with higher concentration of CuO.

Abstract: Because of the energy crisis in Pakistan farmers are getting serious difficulties in irrigating their crops under such increasing diesel costs. There is a need to facilitate the farmers in alternative ways of powering their water pumps. There are lots of alternative ways, powering water pump, but most economical way is the solar pumping which can bring great outcomes in Farmers of Pakistan whom are facing serious difficulties in irrigating their crops under such severe energy crisis and ever increasing diesel costs. According to one estimate, In Pakistan more than 1Million pumps are in use, out of which 750,000 are diesel driven pumps. If we replace 25% diesel pumps by solar pumps, we can save about 3570 MW of electricity. In this paper 220 W motor is used to operate two days without sunshine or power from the PV panels, 40Wh was required daily as back up, supply a minimum of 880 Wh. Since this is a 12 V system, 880Wh/12V = 73.3 Ah was employed A battery bank should be at least 73.3 Ah, here, since the controller selected had a deep discharge protection at less than 30% of battery capacity, a bank of at least 105 Ah was required. For this project a 105 Ah battery was used as backup and all the simulation is done in the matlab.

Abstract: The paper describes manufacture, use and subsequent recycling method in several types of solar panels. The possibility of using secondary raw materials incurred during recycling is also mentioned – these materials have not found their application so far and their final use is not being dealt. Within the research conducted at BUT, the way of using the secondary raw materials obtained from solar panels in the construction industry is being examined, with a focus on industrial polymer floorings.

Abstract: The article reports on a hot topic over the last few years and the issue of recycling and further use of secondary raw materials from the solar panels. Recycling of solar panels is very difficult and complicated. Secondary materials that recycling generated so far have not found a application and their using is still not fully resolved. The research conducted on Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering (BUT) now being developed polymer materials used for industrial floors. These materials were incorporated secondary materials as fillers. It was thus replaced by a filler made from natural materials, which the Czech Republic is still declining. In the following text, which builds on earlier publications describe the procedures and results of new tests, which were conducted on these fuels, which confirms the possibility of the use of glass from solar panel in industrial polymer flooring systems.

Abstract: Photovoltaics (PV) system converts light into electric current using the photo-electric effect. Due to the growing demand for renewable energy sources, the manufacturing of solar cells and PV system arrays has advanced considerably in recent years. However, lightning protection on photovoltaic material is very crucial to avoid strike damage caused by transient overvoltage to the photovoltaic system that may due to a direct or an indirect strike. There is no experimental study recently to show the profile of unwanted signals due to induced overvoltage that is coupled to the solar panel system or related material. It is consequently imperative that experimental work to investigate the unwanted signal that is coupled to the solar panel material be conducted. In this study, the experimental set up of induced overvoltage was conducted in which the unwanted signal due to induced voltage was created by the short spark gap. The experiment was conducted in a High Voltage lab in University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) using artificial lightning discharge of 1.2/50μs with the peak voltage of 33 kV. The distance between the solar panel and spark gap was varied in order to study the relationship between the maximum voltage of unwanted signal and the distance. The existence of unwanted signal due to induced voltage with of maximum voltage profile was observed and is discussed in detail in the result and discussion sections.

Abstract: To solve the wide range of the output voltage, difficult storage and not unified interface of solar cell, a novel solar charging system was proposed. The system consists of the solar panel, the voltage regulator circuit, the battery charge management circuit, the lithium battery, the booster circuit and the USB output circuit. The voltage regulator circuit can convert the output voltage of solar panel into 5V. By means of the charge management circuit, the energy is stored in the lithium battery, and it can be provided to the load via the booster circuit and USB interface, which can achieve the goal of the conversion, storage and utilization from solar to electrical energy. Under the condition of effective illumination between 10:00 and 16:00, the solar charging system was tested for 7 days. Experimental results show that the output voltage always maintained at 5V during the test. The output voltage of lithium battery reaches to 4.2V after four hours, and the output voltage of USB port always stabilizes at about 5V.

Abstract: Taking solar photovoltaic panels as the research object, infrared diagnosis technology is used to inspect the quality of crystalline silicon solar panels, and using infrared detecting principle of infrared thermal imager to design a set of device, which can detect the internal and surface defects of the solar panels. Common defects such as black piece, broken gate, crack and fragment can be detected and classified according to the infrared image characteristics of the four kinds of defects, also it can quickly locate the defects. Experiments show that, after image processing of the images captured by the infrared imager, it can be easily and visually to determine whether a photovoltaic panels is flawed. Last but not least, to classify the defects.