Papers by Keyword: Solid Polymer Electrolyte

Abstract: The semi-crystalline nature of bio-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) can impede ionic mobility, thereby reducing their ionic conductivity. One established method to enhance the ionic conductivity of SPE involves the addition of fillers. In this study, SPE was prepared using a solution casting method, comprising carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the biopolymer host, lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTFSI) as the charge carrier, and zinc oxide (ZnO) as the nanofiller. We investigated the impact of ZnO on the electronic and chemical properties of the CMC-LiTFSI SPE through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The highest ionic conductivity of 1.94 x 10^-6 S/cm was achieved with 4 wt.% ZnO. FTIR spectra demonstrated complexation between CMC, LiTFSI salt, and ZnO nanofiller. XRD analysis indicated an improvement in the amorphous nature as ZnO was added to CMC-LiTFSI system, which explained the increase in ionic conductivity. In conclusion, ZnO present a promising choice as a nanofiller to enhance the ionic conductivity a of the CMC-LiTFSI SPE system. Keywords: Solid polymer electrolyte; carboxymethyl cellulose; zinc oxide nanofiller; ionic conductivity

Abstract: The increasing of need for portable electrical energy makes the demand for rechargeable batteries high. Aluminum-ion battery with Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) produced from the natural polymer corn starch with salt additive has the potential to be developed. The flexibility and resilience of SPE are enhanced by glycerol (C₃H₈O₃). Throughing gelatinization of the linear monomer chains to become amorphous, the space for the ions in it is more free so that the ionic conductivity is high. By means of solution casting, heating temperature of 50°C for 9 hours found SPE with a strong structure. With the same concentration CS-Al has a higher conductivity with σ = 4.93 x 10^-5 S/cm than CS-Na whose value is σ = 2,92 x 10^-5 S/cm. This is due to the SPE CS-Al show more amorphous structure which allow more flexible ionic segmental motion. This is in accordance with XRD resulting which shows that the addition of aluminum nitrate salt is more amorphous than sodium acetate; the shift in peak pattern is also greater due to cation intercalation Al³⁺ with corn starch. FTIR is the result found that nitrate fixed by corn starch, indicated a change in the hydroxyl group of corn starch amylopectin. SEM photo of result also showed aluminum nitrate salt ion more easily in overcoming than sodium acetate. The indicate of SPE was more homogeneous because corn starch was already intercalated. They are combined to Al³⁺ and NO₃^- ions. With this value it can be an appropriate reference for developing SPE on Aluminum-ion batteries with aluminum nitrate salts have higher performance and environment friendly Keywords: Aluminum-ion battery, Solid Polymer Electrolyte, corn starch, ionic conductivity, and Amorphous

Abstract: Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is a safer alternative to use than liquid electrolytes. This research focuses on the highest conductivity with fly ash filler in solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) based on corn starch, using the solution casting method. The crystallinity and interaction between fly ash and Na⁺ ions of solid polymer electrolyte were seen by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), then Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), showing a shift in functional groups due to the interaction of SiO₂ in fly ash and Na⁺ ions, and surface morphology forms was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Ionic conductivity was analyzed by Electrochemical impedance Spectrometry (EIS). solid polymer electrolyte with fly ash showed the highest ionic conductivity 2,51 x 10^-4 S/cm, at room temperature with addition fly ash 10%. the highest conductivity result was corresponding with amorphous peak with same concetration on XRD. SPE based on corn starch with Fly ash filler has potential to be used as a solid polymer electrolyte in supercapacitors.

Abstract: This study examined the use of sodium acetate salt as an ionic dopant in biodegradable solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). In the solution casting method for making polymer electrolyte, rice starch is used as the host polymer and glycerol is used as the plasticizer. The characteristics of SPE film were investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Salt enhances the amorphous structure by decreasing the crystallinity of the polymer. Alternatively, it decreases the temperature of thermal breakdown. In addition, the biodegradability of SPE was investigated using the soil burial method. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the ionic conductivity behavior and temperature dependent of SPE. The 35% sodium acetate salt addition makes the supercapacitor's electrolyte have the highest ionic conductivity at room temperature, which is 5.57x10^-4 S/cm.

Abstract: The polymer nanocomposites of PEO-LiCF₃SO₃ based solid polymer electrolyte were prepared using two kinds of natural clays, which are halloysite nanotube (HNT) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticle. Different contents (0, 1, 5 and 10wt %) of halloysite nanotube (HNT) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticle were explored. Solid polymer electrolyte nanocomposite film was prepared by solution casting method. The ionic conductivity, crystallinity and thermal properties of solid polymer electrolyte membranes were studied by impedance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. It was found that HNT provided higher ionic conductivity for solid polymer electrolyte nanocomposite than what MMT did. The highest ionic conductivity at room temperature was found at 5% HNT as 2.068 x 10^-5 S.cm^-1. The ion-polymer interactions between PEO-LiCF₃SO₃ and natural clay nanoparticle were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The PEO-LiCF₃SO₃-5%HNT showed good oxidative stability than PEO-LiCF₃SO₃ composite.

Abstract: Solid polymer electrolyte with PVdF polymer and LiBOB salt has been prepared with doctor blade method. To improve the membrane ionic conductivity, TiO₂ has been added. Surface morphology analysis was performed using SEM and EDX spectroscopy. Conductivity behaviour was studied with AC impedance spectroscopy (EIS). SEM and EDX analysis results have shown that TiO₂ addition played a role in pore formation on solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The highest value of ionic conductivity in PVdF-LiBOB solid polymer electrolyte system in this research was found to be 5.79% x 10^-6 Scm^-1 in room temperature, i.e sample with 30% TiO₂ addition. It was also studied that agglomeration of TiO₂ particle occurred on the surface of the membrane resulted in decreasing of ionic conductivity.

Abstract: Palm kernel oil based polyurethane (PU) electrolyte was prepared via prepolymerization method. The PU films was synthesized at 200/200 and 75/121 for PU1 and PU4 respectively according to the ratio of palm kernel oil polyol (PKO-p) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the chain extender to 2,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). After that, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF₃SO₃) salt as the charge carrier was added to the system with different percentage at room temperature. The palm-based polymer electrolyte was casted onto teflon plate via solution casting technique and later was characterised by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to obtain ionic conductivity. The presence of PU-LiCF₃SO₃ complexes were observed by attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to study the thermal property of the PU electrolyte. The highest conductivity achieved was 1.55×10^-5 S cm^-1 at 30 wt.% of LiCF₃SO₃ at room temperature. Infrared analyses showed the interaction between lithium ions and amine group (-N-H) at (3600-3100 cm^-1), carbonyl group (-C=O) at (1750-1650 cm^-1) and ether group (-C-O-C-) at (1150-1000 cm^-1).

Abstract: In this work, solid polymer electrolyte compose of blended 30% poly (methyl methacrylate) grafted natural rubber (MG30)-poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) polymer blend doped with Lithium trimethasulfonate (LiCF₃SO₃) films were prepared by solution casting technique. . FTIR analysis showed that the interactions between lithium ions and oxygen atoms occur at the carbonyl functional group C=O where there is shifting in wavenumber from 1728 cm^-1 of pure blend to lower wavenumber of blended MG30-PEMA on the MMA structure in both MG30 and PEMA. DSC analysis showed miscibility of polymer blend. From Electrochemical Impedance Spectrocopy analysis, ionic conductivity increase with the increasing of salt concentration. Maximum conductivity at room temperature is 9.20 x 10^-6 Scm^-1 was obtained when 30 wt% of LiCF₃SO₃ was added into the system. Ionic conductivity temperature dependence plots found obeys the Arrhenius rule.

Abstract: A solvent-free cross-linked alternating copolymer electrolyte is synthesized through photo copolymerization of comb-like poly (ethylene glycol) ester maleate and styrene. Phase transitions, thermal properties, ionic conductivities and electrochemical stabilities are investigated to characterize the alternating copolymer electrolyte. The flexible solid polymer electrolyte (spe) with lithium salt content of 15 wt.% and MA/-OH = 1 has a good ionic conductivity of 1.45×10^-5 S cm^-1 at 35 °C and a superior electrochemical stability to 5.2 V. The maleic anhydride on the main chain increases the rigidity of the copolymer matrix and decreases the ionic conductivity.

Abstract: Thin films of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and selected blends of PEO/PMMA with and without the addition of LiClO₄ were prepared using solution casting technique. The presence of a single T_g which corresponds closely to that of the Gordon Taylor equation confirms the miscibility of both the salt-free and salt-doped blends. The T_gs and the ion conductivity (σ) at room temperature of PEO, PMMA and the PEO/PMMA blends generally increase with ascending salt concentration (Y). Variations in the σ value as a function of Y for all the three systems correlate closely with their respective T_g results. PMMA-salt complex records the lowest σ value at all salt concentrations. PEO/PMMA/LiClO₄ blend with 75 wt% PEO exhibits the highest σ value of 5 x 10^-7 S cm^-1 at Y = 0.10. The σ value of the blend-salt system is observed to be slightly lower than that of the PEO-salt system. This is due to reduced segmental motion cause by increased T_g of the blend and a decrease in free ions in the amorphous phase of PEO as a small amount of the salt is solvated by PMMA in the blend. Therefore, the percolation path lies in the amorphous PEO rich phase of the blend.