Papers by Keyword: Solid Solution

Abstract: A microwave sintering method was used to prepare C3S from Ca(OH)2, SiO2 and MexOy. f-CaO assay, X-ray diffraction and SEM were used to characterize the sintered samples.The results indicated that ion oxides played a very important role in C3S formation in conventional sintering, the use of MexOy as an additive was so effective in promoting C3S formation. The experimental results showed that samples were heated at an electric heating temperature(1500°C) and then further sintered with microwave for 30~60 min, tricalcium silicate could be formed with kilogram step. The new burning technique can greatly increase the forming speed of tricalcium silicate, MnO2, CuO and Ni2O3 could enhance the microwave sintering.

Abstract: C3S is one of the most important mineral phases in silicate cement clinker; alternative ions could be solidified into C3S crystal lattice. Therefore, the research on solid solution mechanism was studied, which was about C3S doped with ions, Meanwhile, the achievement of this paper could be taken as a guidance for cement clinker industry. The effect and solid solution mechanism of Co2O3 during C3S formation were studied by means of chemical analysis, XRD and phase diagram analysis. The results show that when Co2O3 additive was less than 1.5% in mass, the content of f-CaO increased with the increase of Co2O3, and the formation rate of C3S was accelerated by Co2O3; when Co2O3 addition exceeded 1.5%, the content of f-CaO decreased with the increase of Co2O3.By the least square method and defined f-CaO, the molecular formula that Co2O3 solidified in C3S could be deduced: (Ca3-0.86x Co0.86x) (Si1-0.14xCo0.14x) O5 (x=0.0209).

Abstract: The effects of deoxidization and wire feeding operation on the type of titanium, magnesium and aluminum spinel compound inclusion were investigated in 409L stainless steel production process. Further, the formation mechanism of the compound inclusion was also researched at the same time. The results show that the spherical compound inclusion formed in molten steel presents clearly hierarchy after Ti injection in VOD refining process, where the inclusion size is about 5μm to 10μm. The MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 phase of compound inclusion presents regular configuration. MgO and Al2O3 content in compound inclusion decreases gradually together with CaO and TiO2 content increasing from interior to exterior of inclusion. The biphase structure of MgO·Al2O3-TiO2 will be formed with TiO2 dissolving into MgO·Al2O3. On the condition that Ti content is controlled at 0.25 wt.% together with w(Al)<0.01 wt.%, TiO2 solubility is generally less than 20 wt.% in MgO·Al2O3-yTiO2, as y< 0.44.

Abstract: In this paper, effects of solid solution treatment temperature on microstructure and tensile properties of casting SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel were researched by means of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and tensile test. The results indicate that the amount of γ phase increases according to a linear relationship f(g ) = -0.134T +159.94 during the temperatures from 1100°C to 1250°C. Tensile properties of casting SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel fluctuate with solution temperature change. Austenitic grain size and morphology are the most important factors on tensile property. The tensile strength is the highest owing to the finest austenitic grain at the solution temperature of 1150°C. The elongation is related to the fracture mode. At 1100 , elongation ration is highest because of the ductile fracture.

Abstract: A partially cobalt-substituted solid solution of Nowotny chimney-ladder phase, (Mn1-xCox)Si􀀂, has been prepared using a tetra-arc-type furnace and a subsequent annealing process. The compounds consist of two tetragonal subsystems of [Mn1-xCox] and [Si], with an irrational c-axis ratio 􀀂 = cMn/cSi ~ 1.7. The crystal structure and thermoelectric properties of (Mn1-xCox)Si􀀂 solid solution were compared with those of the Fe-substituted solid solution, (Mn1-xFex)Si􀀂. In the case of Co-series, extra valence electrons are introduced relative to Fe-series, since the valence electron count is 3d74s2 for Co but 3d64s2 for Fe, respectively. It was naturally expected that the Feand Co-substituted MnSi􀀁 becomes n-type conductor from the p-type one at x > 0.23(5) and x > 0.06(1), respectively. Experimentally, the Fe-substituted samples become n-type at x > 0.28 but it is not the case for the Co-substituted ones. It is thus evident that there is an unknown factor which controls the thermoelectric properties of Co-substituted samples.

Abstract: The earlier studies showed that addition of different chromium carbides to nonstoichiometric fine titanium carbide improve sintering in the similar way. The phase, structural and microstructural changes for addition of various chromium carbides were also similar. In the present work the composite materials were made of various carbon quantity saturated titanium carbide (as matrix) and commercial chromium carbide Cr3C2 (as additive). The titanium carbide powders with variable content of carbon in structure were synthesized by the SHS method. The chromium carbide in quantity of 7.5 % by volume was added to the initial mixture. The influence of various stoichiometry of titanium carbide on onset temperature of sintering was examined by use of high temperature dilatometer. The phase and structural changes of examined materials during sintering were made using XRD and Rietveld method. The evolution of microstructure, versus of different stoichiometry titanium carbides, was observed by use of scanning electron microscopy.

Abstract: Using potassium carbonate, ammonium phosphate, zirconium dioxide, and cobalt oxide as raw materials, a kind of potassium zirconium phosphate ceramic pigments with bright purple color at high temperature were obtained through a series of optimizing experiments. It’s a novel type of ceramic pigments with chromaticity indexes of L*=55.37, a*=18.52, and b*=-30.56. X-ray diffraction (XRD), TG-DTA and chroma analysis were employed to characterize the pigments. The results reveal that potassium zirconium phosphate type ceramic pigments presenting bright purple color is due to Co2+ partially replace Zr4+ in potassium zirconium phosphate crystal lattice, which leads to the lattice distortion because of the formation of Zr2-xCo2x(PO4)3 phase. Moreover, owing to the limitation of solubility of Co2+ in potassium zirconium phosphate crystal lattice, the contents of cobalt oxide added may not be too much.

Abstract: Solid solutions formed within the Al2O3-TiO2-Fe2O3 (Fe2xAl2(1-x)TiO5) system upon heat treatment were investigated by adjusting the substituting Fe3+ content in the range of x=0.0 to 1.0. X-ray diffraction phase analyses and lattice parameter determinations confirmed that substitution of Fe3+ ions within the aluminium titanate lattice was complete. For this complete solid solution, however, the trends observed for changes in d-spacing values indicated that there were certain discrete compositions to identify with Fe3+ substitution. Within these, Fe0.4Al1.6TiO5 and Fe1.6Al0.4TiO5 crystalline phases were investigated in detail and their X-ray diffraction cards were constructed. Self-healing effect occurring in repeated heating-cooling cycles in Fe3+ doped AT ceramics were proved; it was demonstrated that Fe3+ doped AT ceramics do not decompose even if exposed to repeated thermal shock.

Abstract: Composite nanoparticles (anatase-type Ti1-2XNbXAlXO2 solid solution/SiO2) were directly synthesized from precursor solutions in the presence of urea under mild hydrothermal conditions at 180 °C for 5 h. The crystallite size of anatase was gradually decreased with increased silica content in the composite nanoparticles formed under weakly basic hydrothermal conditions via the hydrolysis of urea. The composite nanoparticles with composition Ti0.9Nb0.05Al0.05O2/SiO2 = 100/10 mol% showed good photocatalytic activity. The anatase-to-rutile phase transformation in the course of heating in air was retarded to maintain the anatase-type structure up to more than 1050 °C without a trace of rutile phase by the formation of composite nanoparticles (Ti0.90Nb0.05Al0.05O2/SiO2 = 100/20 mol%) with amorphous silica.

Abstract: Hardness of Ag-20Pd-12Au-14.5Cu (mass%) subjected to a solution treatment (ST) at a temperature over 1073 K followed by water quenching increases drastically. This unique hardening behavior is not clarified becasue of their complex microsturucures. In this study, the relationship between the unique hardening behaviour and the microstructure of dental Ag-20Pd-12Au-xCu subjected to ST with different Cu/Ag ratios was investigated. The Vickers hardness of Ag-20Pd-12Au-14.5Cu increases remarkably from 192 to 286 Hv after ST whereas that of Ag-20Pd-12Au-6.5Cu decreases and that of Ag-20Pd-12Au-20Cu increases slightly after ST, respectively. The spotty regions are observed in only certain areas of Ag-20Pd-12Au-14.5Cu subject to ST. It is considered that the appearance of the spotty regions affects mainly to the unique hardening behaviour in Ag-20Pd-12Au-xCu.