Papers by Keyword: Soybean Oil

Abstract: This study focuses on the influence of soybean oil (SO) modified by TESPT silane coupling agent as an environmentally friendly processing oil on the properties of the silica-reinforced rubber compounds. A proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that a novel processing oil based on silane-modified SO was successfully prepared in the laboratory. It was found that the unsaturated structures in SO reduced after modification. The properties of the rubber compounds with different types of processing oils were investigated by comparison to the rubber compound without processing oils. The addition of processing oils into the rubber compounds reduced filler-filler interactions within the rubber matrix due to a shielding effect of silica surfaces by processing oils. The silane-modified SO could react with the silanol group on the silica surfaces, leading to a hydrophobicity of silica surfaces. So, the use of silane-modified SO showed lowest filler-filler interactions. In addition to the filler-filler interactions, the presence of processing oils in the rubber compounds reduced the viscosity of the materials as indicated by minimum torque received from a cure curve. The levels of filler-filler interactions in the rubber compounds correlated well with the viscosity. The crosslinking points within the rubber matrix of the oil-added compounds were lower than the one without processing oil. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the rubber compounds with and without processing oils were considered. The processing oils did not affect the tensile strength, but strongly improved elongation at break.

Abstract: Power transformers use mineral oil as an insulating liquid due to its excellent dielectric properties. However, mineral oil is a non-renewable resource and is toxic to the environment when leaked. The purpose of this research is to examine vegetable oil containing nanotitanium dioxide as a substitute for mineral transformer oil. Vegetable insulating oils are environmentally benign and have good breakdown voltage (BV) and high ignition points that can decompose naturally in the event of a leak. Nevertheless, the high viscosity of vegetable oil slows down the flow rate in the transformer cooling. To overcome this problem, the process of transesterification was used to produce soybean methyl ester (SBME). SBME is used as an insulating liquid including composite filler of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles. Electrical breakdown voltage (BV) tests were performed following ASTM D1816 standards. Results demonstrated that SBME has a greater BV than natural soybean oil. Also, the addition TiO₂ nanoparticles increases the BV of the SBME’s mixture. All cases of nanoparticle methyl ester (NPME) conducted in the experiments exhibited a BV higher than 28 kV which is well above the standard value.

Abstract: Polybutylene succinate (PBS) with bentonite was investigated for its rheological, thermal and water absorption properties. The bentonite (BTN) was modified with soybean oil (SBO) and lard oil (LO) (2:98 clay: oil % by weight) by mechanical stirring and ultrasonication. The composites were prepared using an internal mixer and processed by compression molding. Under the bentonite modification conditions, XRD showed that the bentonite layers were penetrated with edible oils into the small layers and the enhancement of d-spacing between the BTN-layers in the composites. A small platelet-like structure of the modified bentonite composites was observed by SEM micrographs. The increase in MFI of untreated bentonite displayed the viscosity of PBS involving the moisture and water molecules decreased the frictional force. In addition, the viscosity of composites between PBS and treated bentonite with LO represented in an increase of the MFI value. Regarding the thermal properties, the presence of bentonite could act as a nucleating agent for PBS at low content (1-2%). Moreover, the treated with edible oils of bentonite could increase the percentage crystallinity of PBS at higher bentonite content. The presence of bentonite tends to increase the water absorption behavior of PBS/bentonite composites.

Abstract: Recently investigated photocurable, biocompatible plant resin on tissue engineering to provide the scaffold with structural support and mechanical properties. A novel method had been used here to build our scaffold by combined the traditional three-dimensional fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing and injected the structural scaffold after fabrication with plant-based resin. The materials used are polymers a synthesized one polylactic acid and soybean oil epoxidized acrylate. The addition of soybean plant-based resin improves the adhesion and proliferation of the PLA scaffold while also providing structural support to the fabricated scaffold. The purpose of the study made optimization of printing parameters and compared different printing scaffolds to select the perfect one with preferred mechanical properties. Two designs are built (cubic design and cylinder design) to make a comparison of mechanical properties between the two designs. The novel method was used through injected soybean oil resin into the PLA scaffold by avoiding any heat and temperature rise of the resin. In the traditional method, the resin is printed using an SLA printer which exposed the resin to heating before printing, this will affect the properties of the final model in our technique temperature will eliminate by direct inject the plant-based resin into the PLA scaffold and then photocuring with ultraviolet curing device for 30 min at 405nm. Finally, the results demonstrate that after injecting PLA scaffold with soybean oil resin, the mechanical properties of the scaffold improve; additionally, the results show that the cylindrical design has more promising mechanical properties than the cubic design.

Abstract: This research aims to study the mechanical, thermal and rheological of eggshell powder (ESP) filled polylactic acid (PLA) with and without adding soybean oil (SBO). The ESP filled in PLA at 10%wt were compounded by using an internal machine at 190°C. SBO was filled with various contents between 0-10 %wt in PLA-ESP composites. Morphological, mechanical, rheological and thermal properties were investigated on the sample obtained by an injection molding. The result indicated that the ultimate tensile strength and strain decreased with SBO in PLA-ESP composites. However, the strain has increased obviously up when adding SBO. This was due to the presence of microvoids that was confirmed by scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, SBO played an important role reduce between polymer-polymer interaction and ESP particles. Melt flow index of PLA-ESP composites with and without SBO exhibited higher than neat PLA. Adding SBO into PLA-ESP composites reduced onset temperature degradation (T_onset) and maximum temperature degradation (T_max) while ESP increased of char residue content.

Abstract: The world's energy production is generated mainly from fossil fuels, so it is important to develop fuels from renewable sources. Growing caution with the environmental impact imposes restrictions on emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. With increasing human population and expanding economies in both developing and developed countries, there is an increase in energy consumption and production. The need arises to supply this high energy production with a renewable and reliable source fuel [1]. These facts have stimulated research by alternative sources for the development of renewable fuels. One of the most promising fuels is biodiesel, an alternative to petroleum diesel from high-quality renewable sources, which allows the replacement of fossil diesel oil without modifications to the vehicle's engine [2, 3]. In recent years, methyl esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable oil have gained considerable attention as alternative fuel [4, 5].

Abstract: Molecular sieves have been applied to the triacylglycerides processing in the production of biodiesel through transesterification reaction. The purpose of obtain a material that has characteristics favorable to higher biodiesel conversion, this paper aims to synthesize molecular sieves SBA-15 and Al-SBA-15 on two reasons Si/Al (Si/Al= 10 and 100) evaluated in the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and investigate the potential of Si/Al ratios in the reaction over the acid each material. The catalysts were prepared by conventional hydrothermal method by varying the composition of the aluminum consequently altering the acidity of the material, since this reaction takes place in acid medium. The samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Spectroscopy in the infrared region by Fourier transform (FTIR). The results of the characterization of the catalysts have shown that the materials were successfully obtained, from the characterization observed. The biodiesel syntheses were conducted with soybean oil using ethyl alcohol 12: 1 relative to the oil and 5% of catalyst in the reactor with autogenous pressure. Were realized viscosity analyzes as conversion parameter of the vegetable oil into biodiesel. From the results of biodiesel viscosity was obtained a yield of 13% on average by using the Al-SBA-15. However, even not have remained within the specifications the standards of the National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels, catalysts showed efficiency compared with the SBA-15 in biodiesel synthesis.

Abstract: Coated electrodes are used in manual welding, with the coating being comprised of a variety of ingredients, including the binder, usually sodium or potassium silicate. In recent studies aiming at waterproof electrodes, the usual binders were successfully replaced by hydrophobic polymers. In this study, the use of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) as well as a commercial epoxy resin (CER) as binders in electrode coating formulations was evaluated in order to verify their suitability as replacements for silicates. The produced electrodes were evaluated for the quality of the weld. Results showed that the use of a CER added of potassium feldspar resulted in favorable weld microstructure, with production of acicular ferrite and martensite elimination. ESO based electrodes still need to be improved through flux modification to reduce carbon and hydrogen content in the weld metal.

Abstract: Advanced research on vegetable oils as gear lubricants became a topic of interest in green technology where natural resources could be appliedin transportation and industry. The main objectives are to meet demand and monitor the impact of human involvement. Many researches have suggested that vegetable oil has the potential as an alternative lubricant for many engineering process although it has some disadvantages such as oxidative instability and poor properties at low temperature. The use of vegetable oils as a helical gear lubricant has not been studied before. This study is to experimentally analyse the performance of sunflower oil and soybean oil as gear lubricants. An oil test data was taken periodically from the gear test rig within 80 consecutive hours. The performance of sunflower and soybean oils were analysed based on lubricant properties such as kinematic viscosity and viscosity index. The experimental data was compared to the ideal performance of a synthetic gear lubricant. The findings show that sunflower oil has better lubricant properties compared to soybean oil. Sunflower oil shows appreciable high temperature properties as synthetic gear lubricant.

Abstract: With the reduction of fossil resources, renewable raw molecules have drawn a great deal of attention because of their ability to substitute for petrochemical-based materials. In this context, we synthesis a soybean oil based polyfunctional acrylate (PFA) by thiol-ene photo-click reaction and DCC catalyzed esterification in mild environment for UV-curable materials. Chemical structure was confirmed by ¹H NMR and FTIR. Thermal and mechanical properties were respectively revealed by DSC, TG and TMA. All the cured films possessed excellent thermal stability and UV-curing performance, implying that they can be used for high-performance UV inks and coatings of packing industry, especially for ink-jet inks.