Papers by Keyword: Soybean Oil

Abstract: Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic fuel. At present, biodiesel is primarily produced in batch reactors in which the required energy is provided by heating accompanied by mechanical mixing. Alternatively, ultrasonic processing is an effective way to attain required mixing while providing the necessary activation energy. Biodiesel was synthesized by soybean oil using ultrasonication and alkali-acid catalysis method. Its structure was characterized by gas chromatograph, and the effects of various factors on transesterification rate were studied. The results show that a biodiesel yield in excess of 97% can be achieved in 30 min, methanol/oil molar ratio of 6:1, 1% of alkaline.

Abstract: The anti-oxidation stability of soybean biodiesel (SME) was evaluated on an oxidation simulator set up by the author. The results showed that oxidative stability of SME was worse than that of petrodiesel by exhibiting higher acid values and peroxide values, as well as greater viscosity increases after oxidation. Furthermore, a conjecture was taken about the configurational changes and the oxidation mechanisms of unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester molecules in the oxidation process, according to the principles of free radical reactions and the results of both infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopic analysis. An idea was put forward that, during oxidation, cis-trans isomerization might occur in unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester molecules and conjugated double-bond might produce due to transfer of double-bond.

Abstract: In the system of heteropoly acid [π-C5H5NC16H33]3[PO4(WO3)4], H2O2 (30 %, w/w), polyethylene glycol, 1,2-dichloroethane, soybean oil under went epoxidation reaction smoothly via reaction-controlled phase transfer catalysis. Effects of the amount of interfacial active agent, H2O2, catalyst and reaction time were investigated and the optimized reaction conditions were as follows: 10 g of soybean oil, 0.3 g of [π-C5H5NC16H33]3[PO4 (WO3)4],8 ml of H2O2 (30 %, w/w), 5.0 ml of PEG, 30 g of 1,2-dichloroethane, and the reaction temperature was 65 °C and reaction time was 3.5-4.0 h. Under these optimized conditions, an epoxy value of 6.30 % and a yield of 90 % were obtained. Hence, it is an environmental-friendly and effective way to synthesize epoxidized soybean oil.

Abstract: This paper proposes a reasonable methodology applied in classification and quantification techniques based on the voltammetric electronic tongue. We designed voltammetric electronic tongue oil sample pretreatment system with petroleum ether organic solvent. Through three-electrode system and cyclic voltammetry method processing blending soybean oil sample to get waveform output. Extracting crest methods as its feature extraction Pattern recognition use kernel principal component analysis and factor analysis blending on a different level of soybean oil, Partial Least Square (PLS) techniques was applied for data management and prediction models building, the prediction models are the blending ratio, the results show that voltammetric electron tongue can distinguish the quality of soybean oil.

Abstract: In order to get the optimum conditions of fatty acid production with properties of biological materials from soybean oil by lipase catalyze. The effects of reaction temperature, ratio of oil to water (V:V) and amount of the enzyme (the quality percentage of enzyme accounts for the soybean oil) were studied in this research. The experimental results showed that the catalytic effect of Lipolase100T lipase is the best one under the same conditions. The results are as follows: the reaction temperature is 40 degrees Celsius, the ratio of oil to water (V:V) is 1:3, the amount of enzyme (the quality percentage of enzyme accounts for the soybean oil) is 1%, hydrolysis time was 60hrs, and the acid value reaches to 160.33mgKOH/g.

Abstract: Transesterification were carried out under microwave irradiation conditions and the effects of imidazolium hydroxide with different branched alkyl side-chains ([Cnmim]OH, n = 2, 3, 4) were investigated. The results showed that less than conventional amount of NaOH, and the alkaline ionic liquids formed clearly biphasic systems immediately after the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was finished. The method offers significant improvement over conventional techniques in terms of operational simplicity, processing time reduction and excellent yields. Among the imidazolium salts studied, [C2mim]OH proved to be the most efficient catalyst, affording 96 % yield.

Abstract: Biodiesel was synthesized starting soybean oil and methanol using K2CO3 and phase-transfer catalysis TBAB. It was studied that the yield of biodiesel can be changed with reaction factors such as the kind and the amount of phase-transfer catalysis, the amount of K2CO3, reaction time, molar ratio between methanol and soybean oil, reaction temperature. The results show that the reaction conditions are as following: mass ratio of TBAB to soybean oil weight 0.6%, mass ratio of K2CO3 to soybean oil weight 1.5%, molar ratio between methanol and soybean oil 6∶1, reaction time 20 min, reaction temperature 40 °C. The yield of biodiesel reached 95% under the optimum reaction conditions.

Abstract: Two different ionic liquid of the N-(3-sulfonic group) propyl pyrrolidone hydrosulfate ([C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4) and the 2-pyrrolidone hydrosulfate ([Hnhp]HSO4) have been synthesized and used as catalyst for the biodiesel production from the soybean oil. The former exhibited better catalytic performance than that of the later one and the reaction conditions corresponding to [C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4 were optimized. Under the optimal condition the yield of methyl ester reached 93.6% and after repeatedly used for four times the catalytic activity for [C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4 still maintained in a high level.

Abstract: This paper proposes to assess the efficiency of ZnAl₂O₄ obtained by combustion reaction on the process of esterification and transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel production. In the synthesis it was used three heating conditions: spiral resistance, muffle furnace, and microwave oven. In order to investigate the influence of the heating source on the structure, morphology, and on the catalytic activity, the samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, granulometric analysis, TGA, carbon content, TEM, and gas chromatography. The results showed that it was possible to obtain the ZnAl₂O₄ cubic phase with traces of ZnO. The ZnAl₂O₄ monophasic was just obtained by the synthesis carried out in the microwave oven and in the electrical resistance. All the samples showed a typical morphology of dense agglomerates and low carbon content. The samples also presented low catalytic activity in the esterification and transesterification process under the adopted conditions.

Abstract: Short-chain triglycerides i.e. the low calorie oil was produced by transesterification with soybean oil and glycerol triacetate using sodium methoxide as catalyst. The reaction conditions were optimized and the yield reached 73.14 % under this conditions. The calorific values of the soybean oil and the product were measured and the value for the later was 32 450 J/g which was approximately 71 % of the former.