Papers by Keyword: Specific Wear Rate

Abstract: The silica element in palm ash has the potential to be an alternative source of silica material to replace mineral silica, making it more environmentally friendly and reducing production costs. This research aims to utilize silica from palm ash waste as an abrasive material in brake friction composites. The silica from palm ash was isolated by a leaching process using 1 M HCl solution at a temperature of 70 °C for 90 minutes. Isolated silica was then characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The composition of silica was varied by volume fraction (0, 2, 4, and 6%). The mixing process of the powder mixture was conducted using a chopper mixer for 5 minutes, The powder mixture is then hot compressed using uniaxial hot pressing at a pressure of 47 MPa and a temperature of 165 °C for 15 minutes. Post-curing of the samples was carried out at a temperature of 165 °C for 10 hours. The samples were characterized by density, porosity, hardness R-scale, friction coefficient, and specific wear rate. The research results showed that the palm ash was successfully purified with a silica content of 27.3% to 57.2%. Increasing volume fraction of palm ash silica decreases in density and hardness, while porosity increases. The sample with 4% volume of palm ash silica exhibited better friction performance and a lower specific wear rate. Palm ash silica has the potential to replace the silica mineral for brake friction composites.

Abstract: In the present work, dry sliding wear characteristics of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite reinforced with 35% by weight carbon fiber against AISI 304 stainless steel counterface is investigated with a view to consider PTFE composite as an alternative material for automotive applications. Dry sliding experiments were performed on pin-on-disk wear testing machine varying the normal load on pin, disk rotation (rpm) and temperature correlating with the range of pressure, sliding velocity and temperature variation at reciprocating conditions of compressor. A mathematical model to predict specific wear rate in terms of pressure and temperature was developed to understand parametric effect on wear rate. Specific wear rate has been observed to decrease with increase in pressure and temperature. Although, pressure (normal load) has been observed as more significant in lowering specific wear rate than temperature, no significant benefit was observed at higher ranges of pressure. Decrease in specific wear rate with increase in normal load (pressure) can be attributed to formation of transfer film at sliding interfaces. However, it is necessary to characterize transition of formation of transfer film varying with normal load and temperature respectively.

Abstract: In this paper, the specific wear rate (SWR) and the coefficient of friction (CoF) of steel embedded glass/epoxy hybrid composites were examined and compared. Experiments were carried on the pin-on-disc machine on different types of composite materials like plain composite (steel volume 0%) and hybrid composites (steel volume 5% and 10%) pressed against a rotating steel disc (EN 31). Composites were fabricated using the hand-lay-up method. The volume percentage of steel pin/pipe varied from 0 to 10% and glass fiber from 50 to 60%, while the percentage of epoxy was kept 40% stable. The experiments were carried out on a group of samples for duration 20 minutes for different loads of 70N, 80N, 90N, 100N, and 110N with a varying sliding distance of 1000 m, 1250 m, 1500 m, 1750 m, and 2000 m. The results show that the SWR and CoF vary with different load and sliding distance. In general, CoF rises for some time of rubbing, and then it remains constant for the rest of the testing time. The results obtained show that the SWR and CoF increase with increasing sliding distance and load for all the composites. However, SWR and CoF decrease as an increase in the volume percentage of steel. An SWR of hybrid composite is observed to be reduced by 28.02% and 45.98% with an increasing percentage of steel by 5% and 10% respectively. CoF of hybrid composite is observed to be reduced by 14.11% and 24.02% with an increasing percentage of steel by 5% and 10% respectively. At last, the worn surfaces of the hybrid composites were studied through a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Shallow and fine grooves appeared on the worn surfaces of hybrid composites at low loads and cracks were found in large quantities at high load which increased weight loss.

Abstract: This research work uncovers the wear performance of short glass fiber (SGF) fortified thermoplastic copolyester elastomer (TCE) hybrid composites loaded up with both micro (short carbon fibers, PTFE, SiC, Al₂O₃ and MoS₂) and nano(Al₂O₃ and PFPE) sized particulate fillers. The readied hybrid composites are tested for tribological performance using pin-on-disc test rig. Test outcomes uncovered that TCE hybrid composite strengthened with SGF and loaded up with PTFE, SiC, Al₂O₃ and MoS₂ displayed better wear resistance, however TCE hybrid composite loaded up with nanolubricating filler i.e. PFPE displayed slightest friction coefficient (μ) in the investigation. This study additionally archives the impact of tribological control factors such as sliding distance, sliding speed and filler content on tribological conduct of TCE composites in terms of specific wear rate (K_s) and μ.

Abstract: The aim of this research article is to study the static mechanical properties and abrasive wear behavior of epoxy biocomposites reinforced with different weight percentage of waste silk fibers. The effect of parameters such as velocity (A), load (B), fiber loading (C) and abrading distance (D) on abrasive wear has been considered using Taguchi's L₂₅ orthogonal array. The objective is to examine parameters which significantly affect the abrasive wear of biocomposites. The addition of silk fiber has resulted in improved flexural properties of the epoxy matrix. The results of ANOVA indicated that the parameter which played a significant role was abrading distance followed by fiber loading, load and sliding velocity.

Abstract: In this study, B₄C and MoS₂ were taken as reinforcements and Al2219 as matrix material. The hybrid MMC’s were produced by stir casting technique and Mechanical,Tribological properties of aluminium metal matrix hybrid composites was studied. K₂TiF₆ halide salt with 0.4Ti/B₄C ratio were taken to improve the wettablity of composites.The hybrid composites were characterized by using SEM and XRD.The result reviles that, the fairly distribution of B₄Cp and MoS₂ right through the image and no clustering can be seen.XRD pattern shows the occurrence of B₄C and MoS₂ in prepared composites. The Physical and Mechanical properties were determined for Al2219 and hybrid composites. Micro Vickers Hardness of matrix material is low and for hybrid composite is high. Ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of prepared hybrid composites is low when compared to Al2219; it is generally due to crack propagation and particle pull out of MoS₂ particle.The dry sliding wear behavior were examine by pin-on disc tribometer for different sliding velocities and test result reviles the specific wear rate is minimum for 1.26 m/s and maximum for 6.30 m/s, as the sliding velocity increases the specific wear rate increases. Tensile fractured surface and worn surface pin samples of Al2219 and hybrid MMC’s were examine using SEM micrograph

Abstract: Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy is very attractive for many applications due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and high corrosion resistance. Even then, with these attractive properties, it has poor shear strength and surface wear properties. This study is therefore undertaken to investigate the effect of sliding parameters on the surface wear behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Pin-like specimens of the alloy were produced and subjected to sliding motion on a pin-on-disk apparatus using different speeds, loads and sliding distances. The surface and specific wear rates of the alloy were evaluated as the main output of the study. Results indicate that the most severe surface wear rate of over 0.008 mm³/sec is experienced under conditions of low disk speed (50 rpm) with high input weight (46.5 N). Higher sliding distance is also found to affect the severity of the surface wear rate. All results of specific wear rates evaluated indicate that Ti-6Al-4V alloy can be classified as a low surface wear resistance material when operated under sliding counterface.

Abstract: An attempt has been made to study the dry sliding wear behaviour of Aluminium based hybrid composites in room temperature.Al 2219 is used as base material with B₄C and MoS₂ as reinforcements. The hybrid composite were prepared by conventional stir casting technique. The dry sliding wear test were carried out for various parameters like sliding distance, applied load and sliding speed. The Optical Microscope and SEM results showed the presence of B₄C and MoS₂, which are fairly uniform and randomly dispersed on matrix material.XRD analysis, shown the presence of B₄C and MoS₂ phases in the prepared composites.The incorporation of reinforcement particles B₄C and MoS₂ reduces the specific wear rate of composites. The addition of MoS₂ as a secondary reinforcement has significant effect on reducing specific wear rate of prepared composites. By using SEM worn surface of hybrid composites were studied.

Abstract: In the present study, enhancement of abrasion resistance of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin based hybrid friction composites with different ingredients viz. binder, micron sized fibers and fillers have been synergistically investigated. Hybrid friction composites based on basalt and recycled aramid fibers were prepared using compression moulding. Three-body abrasive wear tests were conducted according to ASTM G-65 standard by dry sand/rubber wheel abrasion tester using two different size of angular silica sand abrasives (212 and 425 μm) at a constant load of 40 N. The results indicated that the wear volume loss increases with increasing abrading distance and abrasive particle size. However, the specific wear rate decreased with increasing abrading distance and increases with increase in abrasive particle size. Addition of fiber content has a significant influence on the abrasive wear performance of these composites. Further, the worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy to identify the involved wear mechanisms.

Abstract: The dry sliding wear behavior of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy prepared by electromagnetic horizontal continuous casting was investigated. The wear behavior of the studied alloy was discussed in terms of friction coefficient, mass loss/sliding, specific wear rate and wear mechanism. The results indicate that with the increasing normal load and sliding velocity, the friction coefficient of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy decreased monotonically, the mass loss/sliding and specific wear rate increased. By wear surface morphology and composition analysis, the wear mechanisms were discussed preliminary. Oxidation and abrasion mechanisms dominated at the lower sliding velocities and loads. Increasing loads and velocities led to a combination of oxidation and adhesion. Plastic deformation was dominant for the higher applied load and sliding velocities.