Papers by Keyword: Stacking Sequence

Abstract: This study investigates the water absorption characteristics of epoxy-based hybrid composites reinforced with natural sisal fibers and synthetic glass fibers. Four different stacking sequences of fiber layers: SSSS (four sisal layers), SSSG (three sisal layers and one glass layer), SSGG (two sisal layers and two glass layers), and SGGG (one sisal layer and three glass layers), were fabricated to assess their influence on moisture absorption properties. The water absorption percentages determined during testing of the compositions are averaged, showing a trend of decreased water absorption with an increase in the number of glass fiber layers. The SGGG configuration exhibits the lowest water absorption at 3.18%, while the SSSS configuration has the highest at 6.63%. This trend highlights the absorbent nature of sisal fibers and confirms the role of glass fibers in enhancing water resistance. Hybrid fiber reinforcements can therefore improve not only the mechanical properties of epoxy composites but also make them more environmentally friendly. Such materials provide a viable alternative to conventional plastics. Additionally, understanding the effect of stacking sequences on moisture absorption may enable future composite designs tailored for specific environmental conditions.

Abstract: This work focused to investigates the effect of basalt and E-glass fabrics in stacking sequences mode of hybrid composites under tensile loads. The sample has fabricated in a hybrid approach in stacking layers of the basalt and E-glass fabrics with a ratio of 60%:40% through the vacuum injection molding (VIM) process. A tensile test to initiate mechanical properties had conducted. And a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used for damage analysis. The testing result shows that hybridization basalt with E-glass fabrics has been tension strength increased average of 3.95%. The dominant failures occurred as fiber pull out and delamination. Conclusions show that stacking sequences of basalt and E-glass fabrics is a potential design to maintenance composites structures. However, it was not caused sufficiently by tension loads.

Abstract: The consequence of placing a different layer of jute and carbon fiber in different position inside the composite has been experimentally investigated. Six layers of woven unidirectional jute fiber and four-layer of carbon fiber has been used with five different stacking sequences in this study. Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI) technology has been used for the manufacturing of the composite. After analyzing the results of the tensile and flexural test of the composites, it shows that the stacking sequence has a significant effect on those properties of the composites. Tensile strength of the composites was upgraded when all the layers of carbon fiber were placed in the middle of the sandwich-like composite structure whereas flexural strength of the composites was improved when carbon fibers were placed on the compression and tension side of the composite.

Abstract: The present paper deals with optimizing the stacking sequence configuration of flexible green composite for cladding application under low velocity impact regime. Initially six configurations of green composite comprising of jute fiber and natural rubber matrix are considered and their energy absorption behaviour and resistance to impact are studied using finite element analysis. The configurations considered are optimized for energy absorption and maximum contact force under low velocity impact condition. From the results it can be concluded that the variation in energy absorbed and sp. energy absorbed among the configurations are negligible and hence the configurations are prioritized based on contact force. JRJRJ configuration provides maximum contact force followed by JRJ, JRRJ, RJRJR, RJRJ and RJR. The configurations with rank 1, 2 and 3 should be taken into consideration for further analysis. Also the damage study shows that the stacking sequence with jute on impact side is better compared to rubber on impact side as tearing type of damage can be observed in sequences with rubber on impact side and no damage is visible with jute on impact side.

Abstract: Effects of low-velocity-low-energy impacts on interlaminar damage extent in Glass/Epoxy laminate panels of [0°/90°]₁₀, [0°₁₀/90°₁₀], [0°₅/90°₅]₂, [0°₅/-45°₅/90°₅/+45°₅] layups were experimentally investigated. The tests were carried out at room temperature with the help of INSTRON CEAST9350 impact system. The initial impact energy was 18J, impactor mass equaled 4kg and the corresponding contact speed was 3 m/s. During the impacts panels were simply supported with a circular steel rings of inner diameters d=80mm. It was found that the amounts of dissipated energy substantially varied depending on the reinforcement sequence and that the lowest amount of energy was dissipated by the laminate panel of [0°/90°]₁₀ reinforcement stacking sequence while the highest one by the panel of [0°₁₀/90°₁₀] reinforcement stacking sequence. Such results suggested that clustering reinforcement layers of the same reinforcement orientation produced negative effects with the regard to the resistance of laminates against impact induced damage.

Abstract: The behavior of foam sandwich composites subjected to the quasi-static load has been investigated. The results revealed that the indenter tip shapes have an influence on the indentation behavior of the specimens. Failure modes were studied by sectioning the samples at the damage location and observing under an optical microscope. The primary damage mode was found to be the fiber breakage, delamination and foam crack. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a sandwich panel is useful for product development and material selection.

Abstract: For designing the wheelchair structure under the seat loading, the stresses and failure indexes in each ply of the composite laminate are obtained by the finite element analysis. Using the Tsai-Wu criterion and delamination criterion, the stacking sequence [0₄/90₄/45₄/-45]_s is the final optimal design for the wheelchair frame. On the contrary, the uni-directional laminates, i.e. [90₁₃] s, [45₁₃] s and [-45₁₃] s, are bad designs.

Abstract: Woven fabric reinforced polymeric composites are increasingly used in automotive and aircraft application in place of conventional metals due to their high specific strength. However in actual practice while using glass fabric layers, the large nominal size of the component was required and which facilitates increased total weight of the component. In the present investigation, glass laminate is modified and strengthened by interplying high modulus carbon fiber plies for attaining good strength to weight ratio. All laminates were fabricated using hand layup method. Mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural and impact strengths of dedicated and hybrid laminates were evaluated and reported.

Abstract: The problem of application of the material selection optimization approach for structural-acoustic optimization is investigated. By introducing the stacking sequence hypothesis of metal material, the mechanical parameters of the material and plies number are defined as design variables; the mathematical model of material selection optimization for reducing acoustic power is established. Take a hexahedral box structure for example; the material selection optimization is carried out. The example shows that the vibration and acoustic radiation of composite laminated can be reduced by using material selection optimization method.

Abstract: Based on Mindlin first order shear effect plate theory, the structural-acoustic optimization of laminated composite structures under external loading was investigated. For improving the optimization efficiency, the response surfaces method (RSM) is introduced, and the uniform Latin square method was used to select the most appropriate sample points. In the end, taking the laminated composite plate acoustic radiation as an example, the mathematical model of structural structural-acoustic optimization is established. The results show that the acoustic radiation of laminated composite structures can be reduced by optimizing the stacking sequence parameters such as layers thickness and layers angle. The results prove the validity of the calculating ways.