Papers by Keyword: Standard

Abstract: This research sought to assess the enhancement prospects of electric distribution feeders in Sub-Saharan Africa networks for improving electric power supply to end users. Selected feeder’s network was mapped out for element verification and to produce a map of the feeder, which is pertinent for developing single line and impedance diagrams of the network. The map designing was carried out in AutoCAD workspace. The study was aimed at evaluating Sub-Saharan Africa power electric distribution problems and solution proposals for effective application of existing primary electric distribution power supply. Time series load data on the sample distribution feeder were analyzed to evaluate feeder failure rates, mean down times per outage, and availability. The Sub-Saharan Africa electric distribution transformers voltage profiles and loading were computed by employing explicit assessment. Setbacks recorded on the Sub-Saharan Africa networks comprise: unacceptability fragile voltage profile as a result of poor voltage from transmission station. Mitigating these founded problems expect the power generating industry to establish classic, regular and designed sustenance exercises and fast methods to feedback and reduce the rate of failure in the electric system and time of malfunctioning and system interruptions. The computed Sub-Saharan Africa electric distribution network average availability for the year power supplies in the feeder is 0.68, which is far below the world acceptable standard of 0.999. In view of this, the power- producing industry in Sub-Saharan African nations must ensure that voltage coming out from transmission station is of acceptable standard.

Abstract: The main objects of the EES, the service life of which exceeded the standard value, are increasingly beginning to determine the efficiency of work every year. This manifested in an increase in the number of automatic emergency shutdowns, the number and complexity of emergency-hazardous defects. Organization of operation, maintenance and repair of these facilities recommended carried out according to their technical condition. And since the technical condition determines the reliability and safety of the object, it is therefore recommended to take these properties into account more fully. These recommendations in the EES carried out at a high quality level, intuitively, according to operating experience.In this article, as distributed objects of continuous operation, overhead power transmission lines (OPTL) with a voltage of 110 kV and higher, the service life of which exceeds the standard value, are considered. The issues of quantifying the degree of significance of the aging problem for a set OPTL, their classification and methodology for assessing the difference in the degree of aging when classifying them according to given types of characteristics are considered. The methodology and algorithm of methodological support for the management of the EES and network enterprises during the organization of operation, maintenance and repair, been developed.

Abstract: The paper deals with problematics of the influence of size and shape of test specimens prepared according to the valid standard procedures in comparison to specimens prepared according to the standards used for different types of materials (grouts, coatings). The aim of this paper is to verify the possibility of using non-standard specimen sizes to reduce the economic demands of the development of building materials. The issue is tested on the polymer composites prepared in three different amounts of the filler. The polymer composite based on epoxy resin serves as a representative and homogenous material which achieves the same results under various curing temperatures and humidity. The porous structure of prepared samples was also studied and its effect on the selected mechanical properties was observed. It was shown that the specimen shape and size had impact on the mechanical properties of epoxy-based composites.

Abstract: The paper analyzes the issue of the absence of technical standards and regulations for exposed concrete in relation to its aesthetic quality and defines the possibilities of approach to the design and project documentation that would effectively lead to the desired visual result. Achieving a high-quality exposed concrete area is only possible if all the mentioned phases of the process are adhered to and the standards related to the execution of concrete structures are respected.

Abstract: The study aims to evaluate the technical properties of the application of filler element for slab as a hollow ceramic blocks for non-load-bearing masonry. This ceramic product has dimensions of approximately 6.5x25x81.5 cm, and because it presents different geometries of the conventional ceramic block and characteristics different from those required by the norm, this product was submitted to the norms of non-load-bearing masonry and being carried out tests of geometry, water absorption and compressive strength, besides the visual characteristics according to the standard ABNT NBR 15270/2005. Thirteen samples were used for the geometry and compressive strength test, and six for the water absorption test. Some samples presented a great deviation from the square, besides not being within the established limits of the planes and septa. The water absorption is within the established limits and compressive strength is lower than that required by the standard.

Abstract: ISO/TC206 'Fine ceramics' is one of a technical committee (TC) in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), established in 1992. The first plenary meeting for this TC was held in 1994, and the latest meeting was held in August 2015, in Jeju, Republic of Korea. The scope of this TC covers very wide field concerning the ceramic materials for industrial applications, in forms of powders, monoliths, coatings and composites, and in functions of mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic, optical and their combinations. This TC consists of 18 participating member (P-member) countries and 13 observing member (O-member) countries. We already have 81 published standards from this TC. About 30 new work items are under discussion, about 15 items are waiting for starting the discussion, and about 10 items are in the process for revision of the published standards. In this TC, we have 12 working groups. More than twenty years have passed since starting this TC, generally speaking, the categories of the discussed items tends to shift, from some testing methods for fundamental properties (strength, density, thermal properties etc.), to some properties for specified applications, such as ceramic bearing materials, photocatalytic materials and electrical applications.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the development of a model for monitoring the effectiveness of the organization development. It is suggested that the development is possible only when the norms and standards, upon which the method for determining the rate of development of the organization is proposed, are changed

Abstract: The building sand is mainly composed of river sand at early stage. Recently, with the depletion of river sand, the new mined river sand cannot meet the demands for building sand. The sea sand is resourceful and can remedy the deficiency of sand for construction. However, the sea sand contains high content of chlorine salt, shell and lightweight matters. They are harmful for the strength and durability of concrete and will lead to premature corrosion of rebar. This will endanger the safety of construction. The studies demonstrate that high content of chlorine salt in sea sand is the main factor led to the deterioration of sea sand concrete. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of construction, the threshold value of chloride content is specified in standards about concrete and aggregate. And methods testing the content of chloride ions are provided. However, the criterion in different standards differs from one another, which means their different viewpoints about the harm of chloride ions. In this work, the threshold value and test methods of chloride ion content for the building sand in the national standards and the international standards are summarized. The research has great significant for setting standards about sea sand, determining the rational threshold value of chloride ion content and improving the method testing the content of chloride ions.

Abstract: Method for tensile testing of superplastic materials had been standardized as ISO 20032: 2007, which is based on JIS, Japanese Industrial Standard, H 7501 and H 7505. These standards specify the test specimens of S-and R-types. Recently, the working group organized by Osaka Science and Technology Center, Japan, proposed a revised version of ISO 20032 with several corrections. After systematic review and voting at ISO/TC (Mechanical Testing of Metals) 164/SC2 (Ductility Testing), the second edition of ISO 20032 was published in 2013. Now, a working group has been set for proposing a revised version of JIS corresponding to ISO 20032: 2013. This paper reports the constitution process of these ISO and JIS standards.

Abstract: When the high-pressure chemical oxygen delivery device, the slightest mistake, likely to cause explosion, so the design oxygen pipeline, it is usually as a special danger medium piping design. This paper explores the design of the petrochemical industry in oxygen pipes, installation and construction unit issues and process piping installation and construction issues, systematic analysis of the piping in the design and construction should pay attention to the problems and solutions to ensure each petrochemical industry aspects of safe operation. Standard requirements and corresponding measures in aspects of oxygen pipeline flow rate control, material selection, pipe and valve selection and pipeline construction, which should be followed to ensure the safety of oxygen pipeline, which are described in details, according to the national standard/safety technical regulation for oxygen and relative gases produced with cryogenic method. Finally, the experience of safe use of oxygen pipelines is presented.