Papers by Keyword: Static Mixer

Abstract: In this study, the commercial grade of ethanol was used to produce the biodiesel from refined palm oil (RPO) through the continuous static mixer system. The ethanol, an alternative alcohol to adopt in the ethyl ester production, can be used instead of methanol, and this alcohol is more eco-friendly than methanol. The 6-meter in length of SUS304 static mixer reactor is an essential part of mixing the RPO and solution of ethanol and potassium hydroxide to accelerate the base-catalyzed transesterification. The ethanol were varied at the volumetric flow rate of 30, 40, 50, 60 vol.%, KOH as base-catalyst was varied with the weight to volume of oil of 10,12,14 gKOH.L^-1, to investigate the suitable condition which can converted the glycerides to the maximum purity of ethyl ester. The results showed that all varied conditions, the ethyl ester conversion was rapidly increased from 0 to over 95 wt.% when the flowing mixtures flowed through the 1 meter of static mixer. Furthermore, the highest purity of ethyl ester from RPO was succeeded when the condition: the 60 vol.% ethanol, the 14 gKOH.L^-1 of catalyst, 5-meter of static mixer, and 75 oC temperature of RPO, was used in the continuous static mixer.

Abstract: In this work, response surface methodology (RSM), with 5-level and 2-factor central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the condition of base-catalyzed transesterification from refined palm oil. The two main parameters; methanol concentration and potassium hydroxide concentration, were varied to investigate the effect on the methyl ester purity. The result indicated that the KOH concentration was the most significant to produce methyl ester (the lowest p-values occurs in all response models). From excel solver, full quadratic model was obtained for predicting the response surface models. The suitable condition: 23.81 vol.% methanol and 11.80 wt.% KOH under temperature of 60°C and reaction time of 60 min, is the optimum condition.

Abstract: Free fatty acid (FFA) in mixed crude palm oil (MCPO) must be reduced to less than 1 wt.% or 2 mgKOH.g^-1 of acid value by the acid-catalyzed esterification process when the base-catalyzed transesterification was used to produce the biodiesel for the two-stage process. This study was to investigate the effects of acid catalyst types: sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), and hydrochloric acid (HCL) at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 vol.% of acid catalyst concentration on the reduction of acid value in MCPO by the continuous static mixer. Results indicated that H₂SO₄ has the most significant variable affecting the acid value in MCPO. The acid catalyst concentration of 1.0 and 1.5 vol.% H₂SO₄ can reduce the acid value to less than 2 mgKOH.g^-1 with 15 vol.% of methanol and 5-meter in the length of static mixer, while both H₃PO₄ and HCL could not reduce the acid value was reduced to less than 2 mgKOH.g^-1. Moreover, the results clearly indicated that HCL has the lowest significance effect on the acid value reduction in MCPO by the esterification reaction.

Abstract: The objective of the present work is to characterize and investigate the effect of aspect ratio and twist angle of elements on the pressure drop predictions in Kenics static mixers using three-dimensional CFD approach. Twenty different kinds of Kenics mixers have been characterized. The numerical approach took into account the relationship between pressure drop and aspect ratio and relationship between pressure drop and twist angle at high Reynolds number within the Kenics mixer, which was neglected in previous studies. It is found from the study that the pressure drop is the function of aspect ratio and twist angle with a specified geometry at a certain flow rate.

Abstract: The three-dimensional pulsating velocity distribution of fluid in the three different structure of SMX static mixers were measured by using laser Doppler velocimetry. The results show that the three different structure of SMX static mixers all have good turbulent reinforcement. Especially in the third and the fourth elements are more obvious. The pulse RSM after them gets stability in the main. With the increase of inlet flow, not only the pulse of axial speed increase ,but also the pulse RSM of axial speed and turbulent energy are approximate linear increase .

Abstract: In this paper, the new SXSH static mixer structure is described by the author firstly. Then the working flow field is analyzed. The fluid flow is impinged, separated, flowed around and merged by the SX and SH static mixer. The mixture effect is strengthened. The application field of the mixer is expanded and the mixer efficiency is improved. Meanwhile the static mixer structure dimension is reduced. Under the considerations of the relationships of real structure flowage parameters and the influence factors comprehensive analysis, the turbulent flow pattern is derived and analyzed. The results can be used for the further structure improvement, as well as the parameters effectively selection and optimization, of the SXSH static mixer

Abstract: The two-phase flow field of SX type static mixer is analyzed in this paper. The comprehensive influencing factors are considered during analyzing the relationship of two-phase flowage parameters in practical device. Then the theoretical study is carried out. The two-phase flow is impinged, separated, flowed around and merged. The mixture effect is strengthened. The analytic calculation is carried out according to the practicable turbulent flow pattern and the results is useful for the structure parameters effectively selection and the characteristic optimization.

Abstract: A new SVLX static mixer is original designed by the author with the structure of alternative connection of the SV static mixing unit and cross shaped stationary helical fin. The two-phase flow is sheared, separated, impinged and rotated by SV static mixing unit, as well as whirled by the cross shaped stationary helical fin. Hence the mixer efficiency is enhanced. The most advantage of this design is the mixer efficiency is more enhanced with none applied force. Followed by the static mixer structure illustration, the preliminary analysis of the two-phase flow field is carried out, which provides some proofs for the selection and optimization of the new SVLX static mixer structural parameters.

Abstract: In this article, Spiral belt static mixer with changing diameter was taken as the object. The numerical simulation method was used to investigate the mixing process of two-phase liquid–liquid flow in water treatment by a commercial CFD code,namely Fluent.The k-ε model and species transport model were established to research this project. Then the mixing effect was compared with that of HEV static mixer. The result showed that spiral belt static mixer with changing diameter promote the mixing effect greatly. The mixing effect relative to that of HEV static mixer increased 10 times and the the pressure loss only increased 3 times.