Papers by Keyword: Stone

Abstract: Through the observation of the set of monuments of cultural heritage built in stone, it can be seen important ornamental or covering applications. From macroscopic descriptions performed in these monuments, a great variety and different intensities of alteration processes are observed, mainly when comparisons are made between monuments located in large and small urban centers. These alterations and degradations, in part conditioned by the mineralogical composition and the structures present in these stone materials, are strongly influenced by the conditions of the environment. In general, the set of alterations and degradations observed are those related to the decomposition of the minerals that make up these rocks. Based on these in-situ investigations, diagnostics can be produced on the degree of degradation of stone materials and recommendations for their conservation

Abstract: The article consists in the development of compositions of self-compacting powder-activated fine-grained (sand) concrete mixtures, including color ones, for the production of high-density, high-strength and durable architectural and decorative concretes, which do not lose their architectural appeal during long-term operation, on the basis of multi-tonnage waste of stone crushing of various rocks, without the use of expensive mineral reactive components and the study of their physical and technical properties.

Abstract: In recent years, the development of new procedures and solutions in the field of conservation has been very significant. The purpose of this article is to collect the main contributions of nanotechnology, in its multifunctional solutions applied in heritage, to offer a global vision of the state of the matter for both scientists and restaurateurs.Nanomaterials offer some advantages over traditional products, improved compatibility and efficiency and reducing the use of toxic organic solvents for humans and the environment. Solutions have been developed for both inorganic supports and organic supports for artistic, architectural and archaeological heritage. Especially relevant are the advances in consolidation processes, pH regulation and / or cleaning / elimination of alteration products on murals, frescoes or stone and in materials composed of cellulose and collagen.Also, nanotechnology is still a recent science and has yet to answer certain questions about its use protocols and reduce the possible risks to health.

Abstract: Over the centuries, stone as the elementary building material has not only been the substance used for constructing buildings but also the subject of arts and crafts. Aesthetics of stone has come into use in the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Baroque as well as architectural works implemented in the 19^th and 20^th century. The diversity of use but mostly the range of stone masonry and elements in the whole volume of our architectural heritage is forcing us to look for effective protection methods. The deterioration of stone structures most frequently encountered include undoubtedly the undesired water intrusion and dampness which ultimately precludes habitability of interiors, causes the loss of thermo-physical properties as well as static distortion of the object. There are multiple methods of excessive dampness rehabilitation, which are, however, in case of valuable and protected works of architecture, limited to technological procedures in compliance with the principles of heritage protection. On the case studies of redevelopment of the burgher house in Banská Štiavnica and the Prónay manor house in Lučenec, we will present the available methods of rehabilitation and determinants for utilisation of the selected method.

Abstract: The utilization of the stone material in Chinese official buildings in early Ming Dynasty was mature, and the characteristics performed at the tremendous volume in scale, the flowing lines and the plain style in decoration. This paper took the stone material used in the official buildings in the three capitals (Fengyang, Nanjing and Beijing) as the research object, analyzing the stone’s characteristics, categories and related the transport ability in early Ming Dynasty.

Abstract: This article selects the typical carving stone as the research object. We make an discuss about the factors affecting the effect of seal cutting art of using saber from the perspective of petrology through the conditions of seal cutting stone material, color, hardness, transparency and so on. Making an analyze about the adaptability to seal cutting stone and the stone material impact bit broken seal treatment , in order to select material of seal cutting lovers with reference.

Abstract: In modern cities, with the rapid development of economy, various stone spiral staircases were decorated by more and more hotels or guest houses. It was very popular and showed beautiful decoration design style of modern hotel. In this paper, we studied the design process of baluster from stone spiral staircase. A new technical process for baluster of spiral staircase was investigated. We found much flaws of spiral surface in process of stone staircase and calculated a series of formulas by digital control of bead or wire saw. And one-time-molding techniques will be used in pieces processing. By sample analysis, this new method is more convenient than before. We believe that this stone spiral staircase will be used by more construction in the future.

Abstract: The secondary development of Pro/E NC Processing tool-database is carried out by the use of Pro/Toolkit and Access2003, which is based on VC++. The study can solve the problem of inputting a great number of parameters during simulation processing, and can also realize parametric design of diamond saw blade. It is researched to extend the applying of the CAM model of Pro/E in the stone cutting processing. In this study, it is realized to communicate data sources of saw blade parameter, Pro/Toolkit procedures and MFC application program by DLL, in order to finish use of database by means of activating menu and dialogue box. All above makes the diamond saw blade library work during NC Processing. Because the function of Pro/Toolkit sdk is fully developed, the special requirement of the stone industry for Pro/NC can be satisfied.

Abstract: Elliptical arcs have been widely used in stone contours, but the circular saw of the existing stone bridge cutting machine can only cut stone contours which compose of long lines and large radius arcs. The elliptical arc is often fitted by small line segments or small arc segments, and the circular saw cannot be used to process the stone elliptical arc contour. Therefore, a better choice of fitting the elliptical arc in the stone contour is the four-arc fitting algorithm. The traditional four-arc fitting ellipse algorithm can only fit the whole ellipse, in order to fit elliptical arcs, a new fitting algorithm of four-arc fitting elliptical arc is designed. Firstly, identify the stone contour and analyze the elliptical entities section from the DXF file, and divide the elliptical arc curve into several arcs according to the angular relationship. Then adopting the Chebyshev approximation theory of four-arc fitting ellipse, the preliminary fitting of the elliptical arc is performed, and re-fit the start section and end section of the elliptical arc curve, the elliptical arc fitting algorithm is designed. In addition, the maximum value of fitting error has been calculated. Finally, by using the Visual C++ as the developing software, the stone elliptical arc contour fitting algorithm and its processing trajectory simulation are realized. Testing results show that the fitting algorithm can meet the requirements of the circular saw cutting the stone elliptical arc contour.

Abstract: The study of stone alterations in the Lisbon Metro stations allowed the discussion of the influence in the development of these alterations of stones characteristics and the actual conditions to which the stones are subjected. Alterations occur under what can be considered the usual conditions of use but also under abnormal situations that must be taken into account given its frequency. The diverse situations identified are considered in the discussion of possible recommendations bearing in mind the actual situations found at the stations.