Papers by Keyword: Synergistic Effect

Abstract: The prime objective of this study was to fabricate epoxy polymer composite modified with graphene nanoplatelets (GP) and montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT) binary filler materials. Different loading percentages of individual and binary nanofillers were incorporated into an epoxy matrix system to investigate the synergistic effect of nanofillers on composites properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and three point bend test were carried out to investigate the viscoelastic and flexural properties of neat epoxy and nanofillers reinforced nanocomposites. Incorporation of 3 wt. % of MMT and 0.1 wt. % of GP resulted in better flexure strength, modulus and storage modulus although there is no significance change in glass transition temperature (Tg).

Abstract: The effect of orotic acid (OA) and its mixtures with calcium stearate (CaSt₂) and zinc stearate (ZnSt₂) in various ratios on the thermal stability of PVC has been investigated by Congo red and discoloration tests. The results shows that OA acts as a long-term thermal stabilizer for PVC like CaSt₂, and the combination of OA and ZnSt₂ exhibited a synergistic stabilization effect at a certain ratio. This is due to the ability of OA to absorb HCl released during the degradation of PVC to diminish its catalytic effects, and react with ZnCl₂ to stop its catalytic effect for PVC. CaSt₂-ZnSt₂/OA stabilizers exhibit good synergistic effects with both acceptable initial color and long-term stability for PVC

Abstract: The corrosion inhibition effect of composite inhibitors of sodium silicate on carbon steel was studied in 200 mg/L chlorine dioxide solution by static weight-loss method at room temperature (25 °C) .Analyzed the possible corrosion mechanism and the optimal conditions. The results show that sodium silicate and HEDP had apparent synergistic effect in chlorine dioxide solution. When the mass concentration of sodium silicate was 200 mg/L and HEDP was 100 mg/L can make the corrosion inhibiting rate on carbon steel up to 86.58%.

Abstract: The pyrolysis of low rank coal (LRC) , enteromorpha (EN) and their mixture were carried out in a special prolysis equipment. The experiments showed that the maximum tar yield of blends was 11.39% with a EN ration of 30%, which increased by 28.61% compared to LRC pyrolysis alone and 8.87% compared to calculated value. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of LRC, EN and their mixture indicated that there was significant synergistic effect in the co-pyrolysis process of LRC and EN during 240~750°C. The relative maximum value of synergistic effect was 18.5%. Kinetics analysis showed there was compensation effect between activation energy and pre-exponential factor of co-pyrolysis. The mix of LRC and EN enhanced the reaction activity and lowers the reaction rate. Synergistic effect mainly was reflected in enhancing the reaction activity of co-pyrolysis.

Abstract: The degradation of chlorpyrifos is investigated with the treatments of sonolysis, ozonolysis, and sonolytic ozonolysis at various frequencies. Results show that there exists frequency effect in sonolytic ozonolysis. In sonolytic ozonolysis, the maximum degradation rate is obtained at 495 kHz, and the degradation kinetics is fitted to the first-order kinetics model well. However, the most significant synergistic effect between ultrasonic and ozone is at 124 kHz. The kinetics parameters indicate that chlorpyrifos is much more labile to ultrasonic at 495 kHz, while ozone is much more soluble at 124 kHz. The hydrolysis and oxidation are deduced to contribute to the degradation reaction and the degradation pathway for chlorpyrifos degradation is proposed.

Abstract: This study investigates the synergistic effect of combining multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles on thermal conductivity of nanofluid. Results show that low percentage hybrid fillers loading improve thermal conductivity of water based nanofluid, due to the good dispersion and interfacial adhesion, which is confirmed by scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, the hybrid fillers provide synergistic effect on heat conductive networks. The thermal conductivity enhancement of water based nanofluid containing 0.05 wt % MWNTs and 0.02 wt % Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles is 27.75%, which is higher than that of nanofluid containing 0.2 wt % single MWNTs or Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles.

Abstract: The hydrothermal-prepared carbon-doped titanium dioxide/graphene nanocomposite material possessed excellent photocatalytic property after annealling in hydrogen (H-C-TiO₂/G). The photocatalytic activity toward decomposing gaseous formaldehyde for H-C-TiO₂/G is better than that of C-TiO₂ and H-C-TiO₂. The microstructure of as-prepared samples was investigated by TEM, Raman spectra and XPS spectra. It is believed that the enhancement of photocatalytic activity is mainly ascribed to the synergistic effect between surface defects and Ti-C bond.

Abstract: Melamine salt of pentaerythritol phosphate (PPM) was synthesized with phosphoric acid, pentaerythritol and melamine. This flame retardant polypropylene containing cerium oxide (CeO₂) can be used as a synergistic agent for the flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system. The pendulum impact tester and universal material machine were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of intmescent flame retardant system, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the synergistic effects of CeO₂. The LOI value of the system increased when reasonable amount of CeO₂ was added, and it reached maximum (30%) when the mass fraction of PPM was 20% and CeO₂ added was 1% of the PPM/PP system. The TGA data shows that CeO₂ can enhance the thermal stability of the intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system at high temperature and effectively increase the char residue formation. The morphological structures observed with SEM demonstrate that reasonable amount of CeO₂ can improve the morphologies of intumescent char layer and the properties of heat insulation and barrier material. The reasonable amount of CeO₂ in the system can increase its impact strength and decrease its tensile properties.

Abstract: Single flotation collector can not effectively extract the various valuable minerals from the complex ores simultaneously. Combined use of many collectors is one of the best ways to solve the problem, because the synergistic effect induced by the multifunctional composite chemical reagents will exert positive effect to the flotation and increase the recovery. The synergy is related with the reagent types, characteristics, and component contents in the mixture, and it is critical to choose and design the combination of various reagents. The maximal effect from synergy can be obtained easily by confecting the blended reagents. So the use of mixed collectors on the flotation of minerals has both benefits of reducing the costs and increasing the flotation efficiency.

Abstract: This article dealt with the synergistic effect of plant and microbe on malachite green decolorization. Plant (Canna generalis) and microbe (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were adapted to culture in 20 mg.L^-1 malachite green solution alone or combined for 7 d or 14 d,after culture the residual concentration of the malachite green solution were determined. The results indicated that P. aeruginosa used alone was useless to malachite green decolorization, while C. generalis used alone removed 42.6%-53.2% of malachite green in 7 d-14 d culture, and the combined use of C.generalis and P.aeruginosa removed 60.4%-75.5% of malachite green. P.aeruginosa and C.generalis had synergistic effects on malachite decolorization. This research was benifited for the actual use of combinational remediation of malachite green by plant and microbe.