Papers by Keyword: Synergistic Effect

Abstract: t was reported that more than 1 billion tons of straw is produced in China each year. Because of difficulties in degradation, farmers usually burn the straw by themselves. In this paper, corn stover was chosen to represent straw and microorganisms were used to produce organic fertilizer in order to render the straw harmless. Also organic fertilizer can improve soil quality and reduce the dosage of chemical fertilizers. 5 Microorganisms which were Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thermophiles, Pseudomonas stutzeri and Zymomonasmobilis were selected by high CMC enzymatic activity.Then, a multi-bacterium was designed which could improve fermentation efficiency. To save energy, water resources and improve fermentation efficiency, the fermentation device in the lab was improved.

Abstract: pH value is one of the most important factors which affect the nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the wastewater treatment process. The influences of potential of hydrogen on nitrogen and phosphorus removal of wastewater were studied in this study. The results revealed that: (1) faintly acidic environment was conducive to biological phosphorus removal in biochemical reactors with FeCl₃, PFS and PAS but not with Al₂(SO₄)₃.On the other hand, synergistic effect between the microorganism and coagulants ( FeCl₃, PFS, Al₂(SO₄)₃ and PAS) was confirmed in this study. (2) faintly acidic environment was favorable to the nitrogen removal in biochemical reactors with PFS and PAS while the faintly alkaline environment was conducive to the nitrogen removal with FeCl₃ and Al₂(SO₄)₃. And there was no synergistic effect between the microorganism and coagulants.

Abstract: Nano Fe2O3 were added into polypropylene (PP) / ammonium polyphosphate (APP) / melamine phosphate (MPOP) / 1-oxo-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxal-phosphabicyclo-[2.2.2]octane (PEPA) to prepare intumescent flame-retarded nanocomposites. The flame retardance and thermal stabilization and intumescent char layer have been investigated by UL-94 test, TGA and SEM. Result showed that the behavior of this intumescent system can be enhanced significantly by the addition of small amounts of nano Fe2O3. TGA results present higher thermal stability of the PP-IFR-Fe2O3 in high temperature when compared with the PP-IFR. SEM indicated the char layer from the PP-IFR-Fe2O3 system has a compact and tough char structure compared with the PP-IFR. Adding 0.3 wt% and 27 wt% IFR into PP, the PP-IFR-Fe2O3 system provided good fire retardant behavior, mechanical properties and achieved UL94 V-0 rating.

Abstract: The Yining char samples were prepared in following conditions that raw coal particle size was in range 5-6mm and pyrolysis final temperature was 900oC, 1000oC and 1100oC, respectively, with a heating rate 20oC/min under atmospheric pressure. The gasification reactivity of chars was performed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at 900oC in steam, CO2 and steam/CO2 mixture, respectively. The results show that the gasification reactivity of chars decreases with the increasing of pyrolysis final temperatures and there is synergistic effect between steam and CO2 during co-gasification that influences the char reactivity. The reason may be explained by char structure change, which FTIR showed that –CH3 and –O–CH3 decreased and even disappeared and XRD analysis suggested that the thickness of microcrystalline Lc, the values of microcrystalline diameter La and the aromatic of char fa became larger with increasing pyrolysis temperature.

Abstract: The cracking bending strength for steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) had been studied based on experimental test. the inicial cracking strength achieve significant improvement compare to plain concrete, and the highest increase is 16.7%. There is a synergistic effect exist when steel fiber is 1.0% in volume or polypropylene fiber is 0.1% in volume, and the synergistic effect raise to vertex (1.043) when both of those two requirements are fulfilled.

Abstract: A cationic Gemini surfactant ethane-1, 2-bis (Cetyl dimethyl brominated ammonium), denoted 16-2-16 was synthesized from ethane and Hexadecyl dimethyl amine. The properties of the product were characterized, and the physical and chemical properties were determined. The results showed that the synthetic product was the target product, and its surface tension was 3.4×10-4N/m, and the CMC was 2.2×10-4mol/L at 25°C. At the same time, its synergistic effect with common surfactants was studied; the results showed that the synthetic product had good synergic effect.

Abstract: Treatment of nitrobenzene-containing wastewater was carried out by iron-carbon internal electrolysis and microwave and its degradation mechanism was investigated. The parameters is found in the process of treating nitrobenzene-containing wastewater. The experimental results showed that the microwave intensified the internal electrolysis effect of iron-carbon and the existence of iron was beneficial to the regeneration of activated carbon. Under the optimized electrolysis conditions as follows: iron dosage was 175g, molar ratio of Fe to C was 3, pH was 3, microwave power was 640W, irradiation time was 4 min and aeration amount was 2.5L/min, the removal rates of CODcr, chroma and turbidity were 94.7 %, 95.6 % and 90.3 %, respectively.

Abstract: This paper presents the synergistic effect on flexural properties of kenaf-glass (KG) mat reinforced unsaturated polyester (UPE) hybrid composite which can compounded using sheet molding compound (SMC) process. The matrix is kept constant with 70 % volume fraction while kenaf and glass fibers were varied, such as 7.5/22.5 v/v, 15/15 v/v and 22.5/7.5 v/v. The 30 % kenaf and 30 % glass are also used for the preparation of composite materials. The kenaf mat was treated with 6% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) diluted solution for 3 hours. This mercerization process improved the interface by interacting with both the fiber and its matrix. The flexural test was performed using ASTM D790-03 standard. The study showed with the addition of kenaf and glass mat 15/15 v/v, the optimum flexural properties was obtained compared to other composition. This can be concluded that 15/15 v/v KG mat reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composite is the most appropriate hybrid composite which can be considered for many engineering structural applications mainly in automotive panel, bottom structure and bumper beam.

Abstract: It is a trend to reduce multiple pollutant emissions simultaneously by one kind of reduction policies or measures, as the pollution control and emission reduction are in a grim situation in China. And the synergistic effect research of the reduction measures is the basis which can help make the correct measures. The paper first shows the definition of the synergistic effect, then, elaborates the relationship between the reduction measures and the synergistic effect. Besides, the development and the evaluation methods of the reduction measures are also illustrated. Finally, some reasonable suggestions on research of the synergistic effect are given.

Abstract: From various aspects, enhancement effect of microwave and synergistic effect of the combined process were investigated systematically to treat dye wastewater using microwave irradiation-Fenton oxidation coupling coagulation process. The results showed when microwave was introduced to enhance Fenton oxidation and coagulation process, the degradation efficiency of refractory organic substances in dye wastewater was significantly promoted, and treatment time and various dosages of flocculant, oxidant and catalyzer were also reduced obviously. The synergistic effect discussion of the combined system also indicated that microwave irradiation brought not only the thermal efficiency but also the non-thermal efficiency, which would accelerate to produce more hydroxyl radicals, and promote the molecular polarization of organic substances. The physical and chemical properties of refractory organic substances in dye wastewater could be changed, which would be helpful for the follow-up Fenton oxidation and coagulation process. These facts fully embodied that there existed synergetic effects in microwave irradiation-Fenton oxidation coupling coagulation process.