Papers by Keyword: Synergistic Effect

Abstract: The flame retardancy of a thermally stable flame retardant, poly(bisphenol phenyl dichlovophosphate) (PBCL) and its synergistic effect with ammonium polyphosphate were studied in ABS. TG result indicated the good thermal stability and char-forming ability of PBCL. Thermal stability and flammability properties of ABS/APP/PBCL composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), oxygen index test (LOI) and micro calorimeter calculate test (MCC). The results showed that the synergistic effect of APP and PBCL improved the thermal stability and flame retardancy of ABS, which was favorable to yield more stable layer at higher temperature and enhanced the char residue of ABS resin.

Abstract: The corrosion inhibition performance of molybdate and molybdate compound corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in seawater were tested using weight loss method, electrochemical polarization curve, and the quaternary compound molybdate corrosion inhibitor were made sure through the experiments. The experiment results show that the compound corrosion inhibitors have obvious synergistic corrosion inhibition effects in the proportion of 40 mg/L molybdate, 10mg/L HEDP, 4mg/L Zn2+ and 50 mg/L glucose acid salts.

Abstract: The textural properties and microstructures of Co-modified Cu-based catalysts were investigated by N₂ physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction/desorption of hydrogen (H₂-TPR/TPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Higher alcohols synthesis (HAS) was performed in a fixed bed reactor. The characterization results indicated that incorporation of cobalt in the Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst promoted the formation of CuCo₂O₄ crystallites, causing the decrease in BET surface area and pore volume. The gradual increase of CuCo₂O₄ concentration enhanced the adsorption of hydrogen on the surface layers, facilitating the formation of the well dispersed bimetal Cu-Co sites. In the HAS reaction, the catalytic activity of CO hydrogenation and space time yield of total alcohols presented an increasing trend with the increase in Co concentration. As the ratio of Co/Cu increased to 1, the catalyst produced the space time yield of 0.38 g.ml^-1.h^-1 and the selectivity of 65% for total alcohols, respectively. Moreover, higher Co concentration facilitated the product distribution shifting towards C₂⁺OH.

Abstract: Effects of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), polyethylene glycol nanowire (NPEG) and their nanocomposite additives on corrosion inhibition of Zn in 1 mol/L ZnSO4 solution were investigated by weight-loss measurements, electrochemical tests，scanning electron microscopy and battery discharge tests. The results show that the inhibition efficiency of nanocomposite additives is 70%, which is much higher than individual inhibitors of CTAB or NPEG alone, because of the notable synergistic effect between CTAB and NPEG. While CTAB can cause a negative shift of corrosion potential of zinc, NPEG can form a very thick hydrophobic layer on the surface of zinc electrode by adsorption. Furthermore, NPEG can render part of CTAB cations to form large micelle particles along the NPEG macromolecular chains and cross-link with NPEG, and thus greatly enhance the blocking effect of the hydrophobic layer. Therefore，the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the composite additives is much higher. The battery containing 0.05% CTAB and 0.05% NPEG performs better than the batteries with individual additives, especially at high discharge current rate.

Abstract: Solid-state anaerobic digestion (SSAD) of distiller’s grains (DG) and kitchen waste (KW) for biogas was investigated. Six DG to KW ratios of 10/1, 8/1, 6/1, 4/1, 1/0, and 0/1 was used. The results showed that in 48 digestion days the co-digestion with DG to KW ratio of 8:1 obtained the highest methane yield of 159.74mL/gTS, TS and VS reductions of 58.7% and 71.8%, hemicellulase, cellulose and lignin reductions of 46.7%, 45.4% and 4.0%. Compared to mono-digestions of DG or KW, co-digestion of DG and FW had a good synergistic effect. It indicated that SSAD of cellulosic-based waste and food waste could be one of the options for efficient biogas production and waste treatment

Abstract: The inorganic materials（MoSe₂/C) and MoSe2 were synthesized via solid-state reaction methods and characterized by a series of techniques. The growth process of the products was discussed on the basis of the experimental facts. The tribological properties of MoSe₂/C and MoSe₂ as additives in 150bn basic oil were investigated by UMT-2 multispecimen tribotester. Under the determinate conditions, the friction coefficient of the basic oil containing MoSe₂/C (or MoSe₂) was lower than that of the basic oil. Moreover, the tribological property of the basic oil with the MoSe₂/C was better than that with MoSe₂ nanoflakes. A combination of sliding friction, stable tribofilm and fill in-repair mechanisms on the rubbing surface could explain the good friction and wear properties of MoSe₂/C and MoSe₂ as additives.

Abstract: The inhibitive synergistic effect between a cationic gemini surfactant, 1,2-ethane-bis(dimethyl dodecylammonium bromide) (designed as 12-2-12), and anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) for the corrosion inhibition of A3 carbon steel in 1 mol L-1 HCl was investigated by weight loss. The inhibition system composed by 12-2-12 and SDS is efficient. The adsorption mechanism of the 12-2-12 and SDS on steel in acidic medium is discussed on the basis of experimental data and an adsorption model is proposed. Adsorption of inhibitor system on the A3 carbon steel surface in acidic medium obeys Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm.

Abstract: The (Y,Eu)2O3 precursor prepared by microwave with ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation is superior to the one prepared by co-precipitation of conventional approach as well as co-precipitation assisted by microwave. The effect of preparation conditions on the morphology and particle size of (Y,Eu)2O3 precursor was completely investigated in this study. The ideal conditions were optimized as 0.25M Ln3+ ions concentration, 80°C reaction temperature, 90 minutes reaction time and 0 minute ageing time. Consequently, the (Y,Eu)2O3 precursor in the needle-like shape with average size of 0.25μm in diameter was obtained. The possible mechanism was also presented.

Abstract: This paper studied the co-pyrolysis behavior of crop straw and swill-cooked dirty oil (≈ 2:1 ratio by weight) at 10, 30, 50K/min, in dynamic thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) under inert atmosphere, from 303K to 973K. The kinetic parameters were calculated using the method of Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, and mechanism was hypothesized as first-order model. The results showed that the dirty oil led degradation temperatures to slide towards higher slightly, meanwhile broadened the temperature interval of decomposition. However, the presence of dirty oil had little impact on activation energy. These findings indicated a significant synergistic relationship between straw and dirty oil, and it was practicable for co-pyrolysis from the viewpoint of thermal and kinetics analysis.

Abstract: Formation damage is prone to occur during drilling into the formations with medium/high permeability in Jabung Oilfield, Indonesia. To prevent formation damage and enhance productivity of oil wells, a novel low-damage drilling fluid was developed on the basis of the modification of currently used KCl polymer drilling fluid using a special technology. By virtue of the synergistic effect of ideal packing agents and film-forming agents, a sealing layer with high pressure bearing capability can be formed on the rock surface of borehole, so as to prevent drilling fluids from invading into formations effectively. It is shown from the results of numerous experiments that this drilling fluid has excellent rheological properties, very low filtration rates (API filtration rate<4mL and HTHP filtration rate≤12.5mL), good lubricity, and strongly inhibitive character to shale. Also, it exhibits remarkable effectiveness of formation protection indicated by the returned permeability as high as 88.11% and extremely low dynamic filtration rate lower than 4mL.