Papers by Keyword: Synergy

Abstract: Due to the super-linear growth of the number of particle (especially, proton) therapy centers in 2010–2018, many researchers forecasted the number of patients treated by proton therapy to reach 500–550 thousand before 2026. However, the real farther overall spread of hadron therapy was much slower due to its high cost, very high research intensity, and very high requirements for medical and engineering staff, so that by the end of 2026 the number of patients will reach only 410–415 thousand, clearly tending to saturation with an ever decreasing share of ion therapy and showing that the increase of the biological efficacy and safety of proton and especially heavy ion therapy is it is an urgent need of today’s time. The most promising and experimentally substantiated concept of the whole body and the highly localized combination cancer therapy was developed and tested by Japanese and Georgian researchers in 2015–2020, which clearly demonstrated the high efficiency of the highly localized multicomponent combined therapy of cancer. This paper reports in vitro and in vivo data on the relative anticancer efficacy and acute toxicity of the 50 various multicomponent nanoparticle containing anticancer combinations in comparison to the widely used anticancer drugs gemcitabine, carboplatin, cisplatin and paclitaxel systematically applied against the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), clearly showing that the newly developed combinations can be several times more efficient and have a several times less toxicity than the usually applied anticancer drugs. The obtained data also provide sufficient reasons to conclude that the significant increase in the effectiveness of combined formulations is caused by the super-additive synergistic interaction of nanoparticles and of the active components of anticancer mixtures. It is especially important that the newly developed “cocktails” reveal a 3 to 10 times increased therapeutic window due to several times increased necrotic and apoptotic activity against the cancer cells in comparison to healthy tissue cells, drastically increasing the therapeutic value of the drugs due to higher efficacy, higher safety and significantly reduced duration and costs of treatment.

Abstract: We introduce a polarization superimposed phase contrast microscope (PS-PCM) for wide-gap semiconductor wafers as a new analytical technique that enables non-destructive and three-dimensional characterization of threading dislocations; TSDs and TEDs in SiC epilayers and substrates, such as discrimination each other or detection of their inclination in the depth direction.

Abstract: Harmonic structure has a heterogeneous microstructure consisting of bimodal grain size together with a controlled and specific topological 3D distribution of fine and coarse grains. These microstructural features of the harmonic structure materials lead to unique mechanical properties. In this study, harmonic structure was designed using the severe plastic deformation powder metallurgy process at room and cryogenic temperatures on pure nickel. There is no difference in appearance between mechanically milled (MM) powder at room and cryogenic temperatures. The compacts of the MM powder show the harmonic structure with a network fine grained area and the dispersed coarse grain area. The MM at cryogenic temperature affects the compact of the MM powder milled for 86.4 ks and its effects include an increase in shell fraction and a decrease in core grain size. Moreover, the harmonic structure materials show a synergy extra hardening in Hall-Petch relation. It is noteworthy that the harmonic structure materials exhibit a higher Hall-Petch coefficient than the homogeneous compacts despite of the same material.

Abstract: Carbon nanotube (CNT) has been widely used as a kind of conductive inorganic filler in composites due to its excellent mechanical properties, thermal properties and electrical properties. Unfortunately, a deal of CNT is needed because it tends to agglomerate in matrix polymers. And therefore the researchers need to explore appropriate methods to decrease the usage of CNT for its high price. This paper summaries the recent development progress in carbon nanotube filled conductive polymer composites, in aspects of the approaches how to reduce the usage of CNT and application of biodegradable CNT-polymer composites. In addition, the future developing research direction in conductive polymer composites filled with carbon nanotube was indicated.

Abstract: Decades ago, an implantation of polymer into concrete has taken an effect in Concrete Polymer Composites, C-PC – new concrete classes and since that time a constant development polymers in concrete technology has been observed. The object of the study in short definition has been described and classified. The meaning of polymer better concrete as well as how polymer improves the concrete has been explained. It has been analyzed and stressed that the polymer function in concrete is much higher than one could deduct from their mass share. The reason for that is synergy effect – the result of cooperation of polymers with other components of concrete. The recognition and using of synergic effects is the main but not only one direction of research works. The polymer in concrete product to be attractive on the market should fit up away growing demands of application and be based on the current status of knowledge. It means persistent and online resolving Material Model – Performance Model relation. Long time study on the modelling of cement hydration and polymer hardening process in Polymer Cement Concrete proved how significant is the idea/theory in technology development. Currently great expectation has been demonstrated towards Water-Soluble Polymers, WSP as nanomodifier of great potentiality. Various types of polymers in various amounts can be used for C-PC; even the polymer of the same type can be differentiated by the structure of polymer chain (length, branching) – this creates almost unlimited area of the control performance of C-PC. Outcome of the past ASPIC and ICPIC Congresses confirms that the research efforts have been always oriented on the engineering results based on the material microstructure understanding. The role of polymers in concrete could be not overestimated.

Abstract: The study of microstructure formation in polymer-cement concrete provides opportunities to exploit synergetic actions between cement and polymer, leading to performance improvement and to a wide range of new and innovative properties and applications. Polymers can reduce the impact of construction industry on environment, by decreasing the carbon footprint of cement production. Renovation and restoration, largely figuring in the concept of sustainable construction development, thank their growing share in construction activity to the input of polymers in repair materials and in rehabilitation procedures. The study of ancient binders and mortars reveals aspects of the origins of the observed long lasting durability of those ancient mortars.

Abstract: Abstract: A novel enzymatic processing with the characteristic of applying protease and a proposed activator simultaneously was suggested in the present study for the purpose of producing high quality wool top. Experiments results showed there existed a synergistic effect between the protease and its activator on restricting enzyme hydrolyzing function on the outer layer of wool fiber and removing scale effectively, compared with using protease and activator separately. It was observed that 75%-80% content of activator was consumed while almost no enzyme consumed in the integrative enzyme catalysis system. Furthermore, after the proposed protease treatment, relative test showed the felting ball density decreased by 50% and averaged fiber diameter decreased by 1.393μm, with the tension retention more than 80%, and elongation at break maintaining more than 73% in comparison with the untreated one, implying desired slenderization and improvement of felting behavior of wool fiber

Abstract: The influence of a shrink-resistant “Estrifan Additive RCL” additives on the cement paste shrinkage was researched. The cement paste shrinkage is reduced when we use this additive. When the content of additives is more than 2 % there is expansion in the initial stage of hardening. The extension period is longer and the value of expansion deformation is higher, the additive dosage is higher. The presence of superplasticizer Muraplast FК48 enhances the initial expansion effect and shrinkage decrease by reducing the rate of evaporation of water. On the contrary, in a separate action superplasticizer increases the cement paste shrinkage.

Abstract: Rigorous new regulations in coal-fired pollutants emissions from power plant strengthen the requirements for electrostatic precipitator (ESP) technology. The study was inspired by the requirement to use the new composite collectors as substitutes for typical steel collector to save energy and structural materials. A bench scale and a pilot scale experimental system have been set up to investigate the performance of the novel wet composite collector. Contrastive collection efficiencies of different assembled modes were investigated. The removals of coal-fired pollutants including acid aerosol, ammonia aerosol, slurry droplets and fine particles were performed in new wet ESP, as well as to quantify the key properties of the new wet ESP. The results show that the collection efficiency of the new composite collector was higher than that by typical collectors using a thimbleful of water penetrating the surface via capillary flow. The new wet ESP device acts in synergy with WFGD and SCR systems for controlling coal-fired pollutants emissions and solves the adverse impacts caused by wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems at the same time.

Abstract: We investigate six different surfactants in interfacial tension (IFT) between the surfactant solution and the crude oil from Suijng oilfield. Based on the measurement of interfacial tension, the anion surfactant Heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate (HABS) and non-ionic surfactant alkyl glycoside (APG) are selected for the formulation of mixed surfactant. The IFT between the mixed surfactant solution comprising the HABS and APG and crude oil from Suijing can be reduced to ultralow.The experimental results indicate that the selected mixed surfactant formulation (0.20%HABS+0.10%APG) has a good performance on the tolerance of temperature and salinity and the coreflood test result indicate that the effective of the formulation was high which led to significant oil recovery (56.48%TOR).