Papers by Keyword: System

Abstract: Rising demands for precise and efficient water quality monitoring have accelerated the adoption of IoT technologies, particularly in aquaculture environments. This article discusses the development of Internet of Things (IoT)-based water quality monitoring devices. This device enables real-time monitoring of water quality parameters, including temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), resistivity, and salinity. The device involves the use of several water-quality sensors connected to a microcontroller that serves as the central processing unit. Sensor data is transmitted wirelessly to a cloud platform for analysis. The results are then presented through a user-friendly visualization on a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) device or Android application. The main advantage of this device is its ability to provide real-time data that allows quick response to changes in water conditions. The system was tested on various water samples, demonstrating stable measurements when compared to the Hanna Instrument HI98194 standard device. Further calibration of the TDS sensor is necessary to improve the accuracy of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), resistivity, and salinity measurements

Abstract: A variant of the mathematical theory of deformation of multilayer nonlinearly elastic (according to Kauderer) plates of arbitrary constant thickness with non-symmetric structure in thickness has been constructed. The transverse load on the horizontal faces can be arbitrary static. The components of the stress-strain state (SSS) and the boundary conditions on the lateral surface are functions of three spatial coordinates. Spatial boundary value problems for multilayer plates are reduced to two-dimensional using three-dimensional equations of the theory of elasticity, the Reissner variational principle, and the expansion of the components of the SSS into infinite mathematical series by combinations of Legendre polynomials within each layer. This approach differs significantly from the approaches of other authors. The main dependencies, boundary conditions and systems of equilibrium differential equations with high-order partial derivatives with respect to the displacement components are derived. All dependencies and equations contain nonlinear terms. The new methodology for constructing a variant of the nonlinear theory makes it possible to accurately satisfy the boundary conditions on the horizontal faces of the plate and on the lateral surface, and to accurately satisfy the conditions of rigid conjugation of adjacent layers. The system of equilibrium equations has a high order. An analytical method for solving these systems is proposed and developed. The method is based on algebraic, differential and operator transformations of the initial systems. They are reduced to two convenient defining systems: one describes the vortex edge effect with a refinement of the SSS, and the other describes a refined internal SSS with a potential edge effect. The order of the systems of differential equations does not depend on the number of layers, but depends only on the number of retained terms in the mathematical seriess. The internal SSS is separated from the potential edge effect. By the method of order reduction, the determining systems are reduced to second-order differential equations. This significantly simplifies the solution of boundary value problems. General solutions for all components of the SSS were found through general solutions of second-order differential equations. For plates with non-symmetric structure, the equations of skew-symmetric and symmetric deformation are interconnected, unlike plates with a symmetric structure. Numerical results are presented for a two-layer linearly elastic plate under cylindrical bending.

Abstract: Health monitoring systems for industry workers are needed to maintain their safety, health, productivity, and to prevent accidents using technologies to measure workers' physiological and environmental variables could predict and prevent potential human risk in industry. This study aimed to review several health monitoring systems to get information about their system designs, methods, requirements, and performances. Scoping keywords of industrial subjects, actions, health, and devices, along with their synonyms, are used to retrieve articles from the Scopus database from 2009 to June 2023. The screening results in 18 papers. The health monitoring system comprised of several types of personal health and environmental sensors, comprised of EEG, ECG, EMG, PPG, IMU, camera, FMCW, PIR, USR, and sensors of heart rate, body and environment temperature, respiratory rate, relative humidity, dust or particulate matters, noise, hazardous gases, air pressure, and UV. The supporting systems comprised processors, network infrastructures, servers, databases, software and algorithms, actuators, displays and websites, validators, and surveys. Those studies are done either by field or laboratory experiments, software simulations, secondary data analysis, or concept designs. The requirement insights are grouped into ten aspects: validity, effectivity, connectivity, functionality, reliability, safety and security, compatibility, economy, user-friendliness, and supportiveness. The system results and performances varied through the objective and sensor data used, from monitoring purposes to fatigue and health issue detection such as drowsiness, falling, stress depression, and distress. Fatigue and other health issues could be detected by camera image analysis, EMG, IMU, and HRV signals, not by HR or %HRR.

Abstract: The paper presents the results of an investigation into the reduction processes of iron ore titanomagnetite pellets using synthesis gas. The thermodynamic modelling was carried out using the TERRA software package. Synthesis gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H₂), as well as other gases such as CO₂ and N₂. It is primarily used in the production of liquid fuels and chemical products, and is produced through the initial conversion of natural gas and coal fuel. The TERRA software package was used to model and predict chemical and phase transformations in pellets during reduction. The model takes into account the influence of temperature, hydrogen concentration, and other parameters on the reduction kinetics. Calculations were carried out with different gas mixtures and conditions to evaluate the model's effectiveness. The thermodynamic model constructed corresponds to the literature and calculated data and can be used to optimize the reduction process under various production conditions.

Abstract: This scientific study considers the results of a computer experiment with heterogeneous elements (spheres) that proved to be of decisive importance during the separation process, namely their degree of activity, mobility and falling. It has been found that a detailed analysis of the Liapunov function indices allows to effectively understand and predict the dynamics of complex dynamical systems. The results obtained indicate significant changes in the physical and mechanical parameters of spherical balls under the influence of various factors and the environment. It was found that a certain accumulation of spheres occurs due to an increase in the time for simulation. It was also found that the key characteristics of the bulk mass of spherical elements significantly depend on the moulding process, surface condition and environmental conditions.

Abstract: The presented study demonstrates the possibility of an analytical approach called the multi-optional hybrid-effectiveness functions uncertainty measure conditional optimization doctrine. This method is applied in order to obtain the known, therefore considered proven, solutions by-passing the entirely probabilistic approach. It is made in application to the stochastic process measures determination. Supposedly, the process is developing in the aircraft engine system’s element (the state condition of its material). The solution is found in the framework of the entropy paradigm. It helps assess the newly emerged materials applications rationality and the novelty technologies implementations expediency on condition of the operational options uncertainty.

Abstract: The paper presents the studies realized a similar biomechanical system composed by neck, head and muscles complementary to the human neck. The model was defined starting with a real human object and which was made CT, after in a CAD environment, The main movements (axial rotation, lateral bending, and flexion-extension) has been obtained behavior based on date, tables or diagrams. The virtual model composed of the neck, head andmuscles, which was included in a complex system (similar with a car system), and a lot of virtual simulations car crash tests were made. As well is studied the behavior of shape memory springs, with which has been achieved anatomical-functional similarity with those of a human subject, comparing them in the end with the ones determined virtually with anatomical-myographic studies.

Abstract: Plastics are the world's most widely used materials, largely due to their wide-spectrum use and relatively cheap manufacturing of complex shapes. Due to its properties, the use of plastics is possible in all manufacturing sectors. Important aspect of plastic moulding is that the heat passed to granulate is sufficient to properly heat up the plastic mixture. Another important factor is that the plastic mixture is blended as evenly as possible. Heterogeneities could lead to the formation of non-conformances with incorrect colour shades, unevenness of the mass or others. One of the factors that greatly affects the homogeneity of the mixture is the surface treatment of the guides that are designed to transport the granulate and it is important to take care of those lines.

Abstract: The necessity of finding scientifically grounded methods for the development of new heat-resistant, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys is presented in the present work. For this purpose, the analysis of modern methods for computer calculation of phase diagrams in multicomponent metal systems using the Thermo-Calc program was carried out. Therefore, a quantitative analysis of the phase diagram the Al-Cu-Mn-Zr system was carried out, as the basis of deformable high-temperature aluminum alloys. Isothermal and polythermal sections of the phase diagram were calculated in this system. The temperatures of phase transformations were calculated. The mass and volume fractions of the phases in the studied alloys were calculated. The range of concentrations and temperatures at which the maximum amount of dispersoids Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃ may be achieved, was defined. The minimum amount of Al₂Cu phase is calculated, which should correspond to the best heat resistance of alloys. It is substantiated that in the alloys of a new generation of ALTEK type, the use of homogenization and quenching operations is inexpedient, which implies the possibility of a significant reduction in the cost of heat treatment in comparison with industrial alloys, such as 1201.

Abstract: On the basis of results of natural-technical system’s researches «Natural Environment - Object of Activity – Population» on the use of water resources, the predominating integrity role as the dominant principle of functioning of this class of systems is determined.