Papers by Keyword: TGA

Abstract: The sepiolite and Al₂O₃-doped sepiolite contents in the as-received sepiolite/epoxy systems were maintained at 2 and 4wt %, respectively. The flame-retardant capabilities and combustion behavior of Al₂O₃-doped sepiolite in epoxy resin were meticulously evaluated through a series of tests including cone calorimetry (CC), limiting oxygen index (LOI), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Several features, including degradation kinetics, combustion characteristics, thermomechanical properties, flame retardancy, and thermal degradation were evaluated with the intention of drawing comparisons to standard sepiolite. The findings from the studies were positive. In contrast, Al₂O₃-doped sepiolite not only further improved the LOI values and char formation post-cone testing but also decreased the previously mentioned combustion-related parameters in the composites. A potential synergistic interaction between sepiolite and Al₂O₃ in augmenting the flame retardancy of the composite was suggested. The thermal degradation of composites was only little affected by addition of sepiolite, although Al₂O₃-doped sepiolite addition seemed to speed up the deterioration process. The epoxy composite’s glass transition temperature (Tg) was shown to increase when sepiolite or Al₂O₃-doped sepiolite was added, as determined by DMA. The findings presented in this research provided a practical approach to improving the fireproofing of polymers. Keywords: Al2O3-doped sepiolite; TGA, flame retardancy; DSC, epoxy; thermal properties.

Abstract: This paper discusses the fire and heat resistance of a polylactic acid/Hemp/Polypropylene hybrid laminated composite. Hybrid composites had their impacts analysed, specifically with regards to the fibre composition and stacking order. Using a hot press, the hybrid composites were created. In this work, Hemp/Polypropylene-reinforced polylactic hybrid composites with thermogravimetric, differential calorimetric, dynamic mechanical, and flamability properties were reported. Thermomechanical studies show that hybridization affects the laminate’s viscoelastic characteristics and thermal stability. Hybrid composites' burning rates were also evaluated for this flammability test. Most of the Hemp layers in sample C7 had the most char residue (10%), while sample C8 had the highest decomposition temperature (450°C). When it comes to hybrid composites, however, the C5 sample offers the best results, with a large char production and a low burning rate of just 36 mm/min. Also, viscoelastic properties like storage and loss modulus are best in class for the C5 sample, which is a hybrid composite. Keywords: Hemp; flammability Polypropylene; PLA; TGA; DSC.

Abstract: Mineral sequestration technology is one of the most effective carbon capture and storage techniques. Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), one of the by-products generated during the steelmaking process, has a particularly high potential for mineral sequestration compared to other similar wastes such as blast furnace slag and ladle slag. In the case of BOFS, mineral sequestration not only contributes to carbon uptake but also stabilizes its internal structure. So far, most of the investigations on BOFS mineral sequestration rely on accelerated carbonation involving high pressures and supplying concentrated CO₂ in a short period. Although these studies are useful for investigating the overall potential for carbon capture of BOFS, they are less useful for practical applications on a large scale. Moreover, it is hard to draw any conclusions regarding the carbonation reactions lasting for years in stockpiles of BOFS. This research identified the consequences of long-term carbonation on BOFS samples and determined the best conditions for natural mineral sequestration.

Abstract: The corrosion product so-called black powder forms inside gas pipelines and negatively affects gas pipelines during the flow of gas therefore it needs continuous follow-up, collecting, and regular maintenance, to understand its physical characteristics and its nature is necessary for field operators to select the appropriate separation technique and to understand the possible roots causing the formation, there are certainly nanoparticles in the form of a large portion due to the effect of heat and moisture. The purpose of present work is to spot the light on black powder produced in gas pipelines by identifying the organic deposit around it, determining the percentage of deposit, determining the kinetic parameter, and thermodynamic parameters by utilizing TGA. Identification of metal power has been achieved by RDX. The black powder was subjected to three identifications first FTIR was to get clear information about the nature of the powder. It showed that the major was organic sulfurs and aromatic hydrocarbons deposited on the outer surface, XRD identified the kinds of iron oxides of iron oxide Fe₂O₃, and hydrated iron oxide FeOOH that formed mainly due to water condensate at dew point and water of periodical upsets, third TGA and DTG to determine the kinetics, and thermodynamics parameters and the percentages of organic hydrocarbons deposited on the outer surface of black powder by using Coats-Redfern at different heating rates including (10, 15, 20, and 25) Cº/min by using the flow rate 20 ml/min of helium as an inert gas, Activation energy increased 28.226-26.214 kJ/mole within the heating rate of 10-20 C^o/min, and entropy showed a decrease -281.749 to -279.66 J/Kmol, and enthalpy showed the same trend.

Abstract: In power transmission systems, gears are the most essential parts. Gear failure would happen at any regular working cycles and it must be avoided with special care. The mode of failure suggests that optimum material and suitable post processing has to be done. Industry demands more efficient, reliable, and lightweight gears. Hence more efficient, reliable, and lightweight gears must be developed and manufactured. Eventhough lot of investment is being done on research and implementing new technologies while manufacturing gears, stills some failures is arised. Many physical factors, including the inappropriate materials composition, may induce gear failure. In this paper, some typical diverse materials, like nylon 6 and glass fibers are mixed with various volume proportions to enhance wear resistance and improve gear’s life. Polymer gears developed in this study offer more superior life than pure nylon gears. All the prepared specimen samples are tested to a variety of studies including Tensile, Compression, Flexural, Impact, TGA and Wear tests. Depreciation is not reducing low, however. 90% nylon 6 + 10 % Glass fiber to 10% nylon 6+ 90Glass fiber 10 % Nylon 6 has mixed for investigation. Based on the investigation, 70% of Nylon 6 + 30% glass fiber has high strength, low wear, and high wear resistance.

Abstract: The discarded empty aluminium beverage cans can pose a serious environmental contamination issue. Recently, studies are now focusing on reducing and utilising solid wastes which have grown to be a significant environmental concern. Thus, this study focuses on producing γ-Al₂O₃ from readily available aluminium garbage cans using a Sol-gel technique and analysing its thermal properties using TGA analysis. The effect of the reaction temperatures was further investigated to comprehend the synthesis of alumina at (room temperature, 50 °C, and 70 °C) at a fixed aging duration of 12 h. Experimental findings demonstrated the potential of producing γ-Al₂O₃ from used aluminium cans, which may then be used as sustainable catalysts and catalytic supports for a variety of applications. The results showed that all the synthesised alumina had a good result with a maximum weight loss less than 5%; this reflected its strong stability. The alumina that was created at 70 °C reaction temperature recorded the lowest weight loss and the highest residue at 2.78% and 97.22%, respectively.

Abstract: In this paper, ‎morphological, physico-chemical and thermal properties investigations‎ are carried out for a ‎novel ‎composite material reinforced by Washingtonia Filifera (WF) palm fibers using a 20 weight (wt) % loading rate. The experimental analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows the longitudinal roughness of the surface, which plays a very important role in the adhesion between the WF fibers and the High Density ‎PolyethylenE (HDPE) resin. FTIR tests of the composite (WF 20%/ HDPE) represent out of plane vibrations involving ring and CH2 symmetric bending in cellulose chain.‎ Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Derivative thermogravimetric ‎(DTG) thermal analysis show a thermal stability at 210°C, 2.5% residual mass ‎and 745 °C maximum ‎temperature. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the ‎crystallinity index is 59.2%, with a size of ‎‎23 nm. Using tensile tests, a Young modulus of 858.6 MPa, ‎17% elongation and a maximum stress of 15 MPa ‎are found. The obtained characteristics of WF reinforced composite are better than those of Bamboo reinforced composites which has been proven to have characteristics superior to those of standard particleboard and medium density fiberboard used mainly in the construction industry.

Abstract: In this study, liquid natural rubber (LNR) toughened polylactic acid (PLA) incorporated with magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanocomposites were fabricated via melt-compounding in an internal mixer and followed by hot/cold pressing. The effects of ultrasonic treatment time (1-3 hours) and Fe₃O₄ (0.5-4.0 wt%) nanoparticles loading on tensile, morphology and thermal stability were investigated. Based on tensile testing results, the ultrasonication time of 1 hour was served as the most suitable treatment period to achieve the optimum distribution of Fe₃O₄ within PLA/LNR matrix. Among the investigated nanoparticles loading, 1 wt% Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite presented the highest tensile strength of 23.7 MPa, Young’s modulus of 1293.5 MPa and strain at break of 2.8%. SEM micrographs showed that the over-treated nanocomposites with 2-3 hours and over-high nanoparticles loading had resulted in the formation of clusters in the matrix. With increasing Fe₃O₄ loading, the decomposition of PLA/LNR nanocomposites was initiated earlier.

Abstract: This paper considers a novel approach for integration between molecular engineering of XNA-based structures and additive manufacturing of XNA-based devices based on multiparametric characterization of XNAs by different functional descriptors (such as physical properties of XNA-based materials and precursors of XNA-based molecular devices) and the possibility of thermal or electron-beam processing as a prerequisite of the industrial technical process development for such device implementation. This can be performed in the framework of additive manufacturing by connecting the output of the XNA synthesizer or nucleic acid synthesizer with 3D-printer nozzles in such a way that oligos / AGCTX products are supported into the nozzles separately.

Abstract: The material of FA Nagan Raya (FANR) is the alternative base material in geopolymer generated from the power plantation, Nagan Raya, Acheh, Indonesia. It was recorded that the volume of FANR material is abundant in the landfill so that it impacted on the environment. It was due to there was no investigation to evaluate the waste of FANR to be a material in the concrete. This study interested to evaluate the material of FANR to be a base material in the geopolymer referring to the analyses of XRF, XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TGA. The results showed that the material of FANR was rich in Si and Al content that contributed to the mechanical properties. While the chemical content of Ca contributed to the setting time in the geopolymer system. The XRD analysis showed that the FANR particle and binder of a geopolymer were categorized as the crystalline material. It was supported by the FTIR analysis that showed the good chemical bond of Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al. The SEM analysis showed that the particle shape of FANR was a sphere with the misty surface. This particle shape caused the absorption of a more alkaline solution to maintain the workability in the fresh geopolymer. It was supported by the analysis of TGA that showed more water in the FANR geopolymer binder. It concluded that the material of FANR is eligible to be used as the base material in the geopolymer system.