Papers by Keyword: Taiwan

Abstract: Due to the impact of global climate change on land use, water resources and environment in Taiwan, the utmost essential move to do now is to refer to the experience and practices of advanced countries that help guiding the development of land and water resources conservation orderly. Secondly, the purpose of this paper is to discuss Taiwan’s flooding and water resources management issues. Finally, the paper would review the impact and adaptation strategies in response to climate change on Taiwan’s water resources to serve as a reference for relevant decision-making units of government. This paper believes that only if all residents jointly participate in reducing and adapting to the impacts caused by climate change can we avoid the possible survival crisis in the future.

Abstract: Currently there is a large gap in the level of socio-economic development across regions in Taiwan and inter-regional economic disequilibrium prevails. 23 cities (counties) in Taiwan were taken for example to analyze and evaluate the difference in the level of regional economic development. Firstly, based on the principle in selection of indicators for the level of regional economic development, combined with the actual situation of Taiwan's regional economic development and cities (counties) as the evaluation unit, indicators for evaluation were selected in a scientific and reasonable manner and the weight of each evaulation indicator was determined by Delphi method, thus to establish an evaluation indicator system for the level of economic development in Taiwan’s 23 cities (counties). Secondy, the multi-index comprehensive measurement was used to calculate the composite index of the level of economic development of each evaluation unit, and after horizontal, vertical comparison and analytical investigation of the cities (counties), the reasons for the difference in economic development were analyzed (H • H • Nekrasov, "Regional Economics: Theory • Problem • Methods" 1978). Finally, measures were proposed to coordinate the regional development.

Abstract: Under half a century isolation, mainland China and Taiwan have had some differences in their lives, customs, lifestyle and language because of the different political systems and historical factors, above which the difference of cross-strait computer terminology standardization differences between them is especially obvious. With the increase of all kinds of cross-strait exchanges, most of people become focus on promoting the standardization of computer terminology translation. This article puts forward specific measures to standardize computer terminology from the status quo of cross-strait computer terminology translation and the effects of the translation differences.

Abstract: In the empirical case studies of the seven detached house buildings situated in Yilan, Taiwan in a hot and humid climate, this research conducted the actual measurements and analysis of the Summertime Indoor and Outdoor thermal environment parameters in order to accomplish the research of Time Lag Phenomenon of Summertime Indoor Temperature and Humidity in the Buildings of Light (Composite) Constructions and Heavy (Reinforced Concrete) Constructions. Firstly, it indicated that given the condition of doors and windows in closed positions, there would be Time Lag Phenomenon for both of the indoor Temperature and Humidity measurements in domestic buildings. The Temperature Time Lag for Heavy Construction Buildings had a duration of around three hours, almost as twice that of the figure for Light Construction Buildings. There was a significant correlation between Quantity of Interior Finishes and Humidity Time Lag inside domestic buildings, whereas the bigger the Quantity of Interior Finishes, the longer the Humidity Time Lag. Secondly, it also showed that given the condition of doors and windows in opened positions, there was almost zero Time Lag for both of the domestic indoor Temperature and Humidity measurements. Last but not least, generally speaking, the Ratio of Indoor/Outdoor Diurnal Temperature Range of Light Construction Buildings were higher than that of Heavy Construction Buildings. In particular, given the condition of doors and windows in opened positions with natural ventilation in summertime, it was slightly cooler inside the Light Construction Domestic Buildings than the Heavy Construction Domestic Buildings.

Abstract: This research aims to study the design and thermal insulation performance of detached houses in Taiwan through the analysis of 55 detached houses. The research shows that 85% of detached houses are built using reinforced concrete (RC) construction, and the rest mostly using lightweight steel framing (LSF) construction. The thermal insulation performance of envelope construction of RC housing is poorer than LSF housing. More than 80% of the case study sample could not meet the roof thermal insulation requirements of Taiwans latest regulations on housing building energy saving. The most commonly used thermal insulation materials are polystyrene board, glass wool and rock wool, which are nearly all applied in LSF housings for the internal thermal insulation layer or the structural body layer of envelope construction. Polystyrene board has the widest range of use, including both internal and external thermal insulation layers of the envelope construction. If improving thermal insulation performance of the common envelope construction concluded from case study samples to meet Taiwans latest regulations on housing building energy saving, of the savings on air-conditioning energy during the summer could potentially be 11.5%. However, above improvement project is not economically beneficial due to the too long payback period.

Abstract: Taiwan is highly vulnerable in energy security, but geographic conditions for the development of solar energy applications have created a considerable advantage. However, the total installed solar energy capacity is far less than might be expected. Consequently, this study proceeds to explore the main factors that affect diffusion of solar energy application concerning Taiwan buildings. Through the evaluation decision-making system model and expert groups giving evaluation values and feedback, the study found twenty-three items of key influencing factors with seven major objectives, and propose strategies for energy development in the future to improve the quality and quantity of renewable energy applications and competitiveness of national energy. This research, in addition to providing references to relevant environmental energy systems for deployment and technological R&D, also provides developing and underdeveloped countries access to applications of solar energy technology assessment and forecasts for the future.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of size distribution and chemical composition of ambient particulates inside a tunnel. Inside the tunnel, the average concentration of PM_2.5 and PM_2.5-10 was 479 and 444 μg/m³ respectively. The average mass-size distribution showed a trimodal distribution (25-30, 4.0-5.0, and 2.5, PM_2.5-10, and PM_>10 were 25%, 40%, and 35% of the total suspended particulates. Because of the poor air ventilation inside the tunnel, the particulates accumulate inside the tunnel. The dominated species of PM_2.5 were EC (average concentration 122.91 μg/m³, 25.78%), OC (47.68 μg/m³, 10.53%), SO₄^2- (37.42 μg/m³, 8.24%), and NO₃^- (35.01 μg/m³, 7.95%), and were EC ( 131.77 μg/m³, 29.87%), OC (53.74 μg/m³, 12.15%), SO₄^2- (31.35 μg/m³, 7.11%), and NO₃^- (28.10 μg/m³, 6.42%) for PM_2.5-10. Results from this study showed that the concentrations of coarse particulate matter and several metals are apparently dominated by re-suspended matter rather than emissions from vehicles, e.g., Al, Ca, and Fe. Therefore, ambient particulate matter is caused by not only vehicle exhaust emission but also dusty roads and traffic-generated dust.

Abstract: The study analyzed the hourly and daily trends of PM_2.5 concentration and summarized the spatial change in PM_2.5 concentration as well as locations of the concentration hot spots based on data of PM_2.5 concentration, wind speed, and wind direction collected at the air quality monitoring stations in 2010 at Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Results from the correlation analysis of PM_2.5 concentration suggest that for short-term (1-hr), PM_2.5 concentration could be easily affected by pollution sources around the monitoring stations, due to the atmospheric dispersion, the trends of long-term concentration change among stations were similar (24-hr). The average annual PM_2.5 concentration at Kaohsiung City was 41 μg/m³, and the annual over-standard rate was 13.08% compared with the alert concentration value of 65 μg/m³. The average 24-hr PM_2.5 concentration was the lowest in summer (23 μg/m³) but the highest in winter (62 μg/m³). Concentration change was also the greatest in winter, and nearly 40% of the winter time the concentration was over-standard. Results of this study suggest that higher PM_2.5 concentration would mainly happen with the winter monsoon (north wind), while lower PM_2.5 concentration would mainly happen with the summer monsoon (southwest wind). Furthermore, Daliao and Linyuan monitoring stations at Kaohsiung City are the hot spots with the highest concentration. The results also suggest that the environmental agency should further assess influences from these high PM_2.5 concentration hot spots on local people and formulate effective strategies for pollution emission control.

Abstract: This study examined the hourly monitoring data from 2006 to 2009 collected by the Aerosol Supersite of the Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan. The OC/EC primary ratio method has been applied to estimate the content of secondary organic carbon (SOC). Results of this study indicated that the monthly concentrations of PM2.5, OC, and EC all remained low in summer but went up in winter. Possible factors were climate-related and influences from continental high pressure systems. The content (24–36%) of SOC in summer was significantly higher than in other seasons, indicating that a great formation of organic carbon in summer. When considering the hourly trend, apparent peaks can be consistently observed in the morning, which may be due to an increase of mobile pollution source and photochemical reactions. (OC/EC)min ratio values were calculated based on both hourly and daily concentrations of OC and EC, then annual values (2006~2009) were 0.20~1.11 and 0.68~2.72 for hourly and daily data base respectively. Content of SOC in PM2.5 and OC were estimated to be 16~23 % and 75~93 % based on (OC/EC)min ratio from hourly data set, and were 11~18 % and 42~77 % based on (OC/EC)min ratio from daily data set. Results from this study, as well as those from other studies, demonstrated that the OC/EC ratio is dependent upon the sampling method as well as the method of analysis. Furthermore, the daily OC/EC ratio may change, and significant variations may be found even within 24 hours. Taken together, when conducting estimation of SOC, it is important to eliminate the consideration on background concentrations but to take a good advantage of the high temporal resolution of hourly monitoring data in order to estimate SOC using a corrective approach.

Abstract: Historic buildings and Monuments in the precious historical and cultural heritage plays an extremely important position, with the characteristics of the rare, special and historical value. Over the years in Taiwan, The fire management deficiencies, Cause a fire to become the biggest killer on the destruction of historic monuments. In this study, Explore by referencing and comparing the major fire prevention regulations for historic buildings active and passive fire protection technology around the world, We can find more Active fire protection equipment is widely used . And the use of the superior characteristics of the water mist system in Long-Shan Temple in Lu-Kang, Chang-Hua County as an Empirical research, try to exemplify the way, make appropriate fire use in historic architecture the best program to explore. In conclusion, comparison of the application of various innovative active and passive fire prevention system , and use the appropriate fire prevention technology to design and planning to improve the fire safety for historic monuments and buildings is an important issue. According to the empirical research of “Long-Shan Temple”, we can find water mist technology suitable for historic buildings fire protection in Taiwan.