Papers by Keyword: TiN Oxide

Abstract: Tin oxide thin films were synthesized on FTO substrates by the Radio Frequency sputtering technique in aO₂/Ar mixture atmosphere. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the formation of tetragonal structure of SnO₂ films, with a crystallite size that increases from 8.3 to 10.3 nm by increasingthe oxygen percentage from 5% to 15%, then decreases again at 30%oxygen. SEM images reveal homogeneous, smooth, non-porous and crack-free surfaces in all films. EDX spectra confirm the increasing O/Sn ratio for high oxygen percentages. Optical transmittance is observed toincrease with increasing the oxygen percentagewith an energyband gap ranging between 3.78 and 3.91 eV. Mott-Schottky characterization shows higher charge carrier concentration in the film synthesized with 10% O₂. This film exhibits, afterwards, the highest efficiency in terms of degradation of in a UV photoreactor.

Abstract: In this recent study, thin films of pure tin oxide (SnO₂) denoted by TO and tin oxide doped with nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) at varying concentrations of 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and 15 wt.% were developed and characterized on ordinary glass substrates. The deposition of the films was conducted using the sol-gel technique (Dip-coating). These films are referred to as (Ni-Zn) co-doped tin oxide (NZTO) films that can be used in diverse applications such as gas and UV sensors. The effect of Ni/Zn co-doping on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of undoped SnO₂ was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The electrical properties were further examined using the quadruple method. XRD analysis revealed that all samples were polycrystalline with a rutile-type tetragonal crystal structure, predominantly oriented along the (110) plane, but changed to (100) and (200) orientations with high doping contents. The grain size values exhibited a decreasing tendency with increasing co-doping content. The SEM images indicated that the films possessed a porous surface and were made up of well-defined and homogenously dispersed spherical and polyhedron-shaped nanoparticles, which were influenced by doping with Ni and Zn. The FTIR study showed that all the films exhibit the Sn-O-Sn, Sn-O, Sn-OH, and H-O vibration peaks. The NZTO films enhanced the crystal structure and raised the optical energy gap from 4.03 eV for TO to 4.09 eV for NZTO. The thickness also increased from d = 353.44 nm for pure TO films to d = 448.43 nm for films doped with 15% NZTO. The highest transmittance value was observed to be 93% for TO within the visible range. Hall effect measurements indicated that TO exhibited n-type conductivity and p-type conductivity when doped with 5%, 10%, or 15% NZTO. This allows photodetectors based on TO to show great sensitivity to UV light.

Abstract: The nanosized samarium doped tin oxide in varying concentration (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%) was successfully synthesized using the wet chemical precipitation approach. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was done to monitor the effect of the dopant concentration to the host lattice as broadening and narrowing of the formed peaks are seen. Average crystallite sizes of the produced sample are ranging from 9-28 nm, confirming it to be nanoscale. Identified peaks with Miller indices of ((110), (101), (200), (111), (211), (220), and (002) signifies a tetragonal rutile structure of the synthesized samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows the difference in morphology for the powdered samples as per different samarium loading as well as the shape, which is granular. Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) affirms the successful integration of the samarium dopant to the lattice structure of the SnO₂.

Abstract: Liquid-metal printed processes have been recently developed as a novel strategy to grow ultrathin 2D oxide materials, which are transferred from liquid-metal surfaces to substrates. In this study, we fabricated liquid-metal printing 2D tin oxide (SnO) nanosheets on SiO₂/Si and glass substrates. A large lateral-sized 2D SnO nanosheets of >100 µm and a thickness of approximately 6.3 nm was fabricated. The 2D SnO nanosheets exhibited a strong optical absorption in the ultraviolet and violet region and its bandgap was estimated to be approximately 2.9 eV. The 2D SnO nanosheets on glass substrates with patterned gold electrodes generated a photocurrent under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, demonstrating a potential for optoelectronic applications such as UV detectors.

Abstract: Metal oxides represent “workhorse catalysts” for the chemical industry with multifarious applications in dehydrogenation, metathesis, transesterification, and combustion reactions. It is therefore crucial, for each given catalytic process, to investigate the impact of morphological and physicochemical properties on catalytic performance. Metal oxide materials are being increasingly applied as inexpensive catalytic materials for the cycloaddition of CO₂ to epoxides but the correlation between the chemical properties of the metal oxides and their catalytic activity has not been systematically investigated. In this work, we prepared nanostructured tin (IV) oxide (SnO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO) materials with different morphologies such as quantum dots (QDs), nanowires (NWs), microdisks (µDs) and nanoplates (NPLs). Following characterization, these materials were investigated, in combination with low amounts of tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as a nucleophile, for the CO₂ cycloaddition to styrene oxide (SO) yielding cyclic styrene carbonate (SC) under atmospheric pressure. The correlation between catalytic performance, surface area, acidity and basicity was investigated and discussed.

Abstract: Increasing the demand to explore the nanomaterials properties to be used in numerous applications have emerged considerable effort to developing synthesis methods. Herein, Tin oxide (SnO₂) nanosheets have been prepared by a facile one step hydrothermal method using Teflon-lined steel at synthesis temperature of 120 C for 12 hours. As synthesis material were characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) to revealing the morphology and structural properties. As a result, SnO₂ nanosheets have been obtained with thickness around 15 nm with a clear sheets morphology. XRD pattern showed one phase structural with absence of impurities phases. Optical properties for nanosheets suspended in ethanol were investigated using steady state photoluminescence and UV-Vis absorption technics. The result showed four peaks centered at 380 nm, 445 nm, 475 nm, and 500 nm related to near band to band emission and defects states. Keywords: SnO2, Nanosheets, hydrothermal, XRD

Abstract: Tin oxide (SnO₂) thin film is a form of modification of semiconductor material in nanosize. The thin film study aims to analyze the effect of triple doping (Aluminum, Indium, and Fluorine) on the optical properties of SnO₂: (Al + In + F) thin films. Aluminum, Indium, and Fluorine as doping SnO₂ with a mass percentage of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% of the total thin-film material. The addition of Al, In, and F doping causes the thin film to change optical properties, namely the transmittance and absorbance values ​​changing. The transmittance value is 67.50, 73.00, 82.30, 87.30, 94.6, and 99.80 which is at a wavelength of 350 nm for the lowest to the highest doping percentage, respectively. The absorbance value increased with increasing doping percentage at 300 nm wavelength of 0.52, 0.76, 0.97, 1.05, 1.23, and 1.29 for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% doping percentages, respectively. The absorbance value is then used to find the gap energy of the SnO₂: (Al + In + F) thin film of the lowest doping percentage to the highest level i.e. 3.60, 3.55, 3.51, 3.47, 3.42, and 3.41 eV. Thin-film activation energy also decreased with values of 2.27, 2.04, 1.85, 1.78, 1.72, and 1.51 eV, respectively for an increasing percentage of doping. The thin-film SnO₂: (Al + In + F) which experiences a gap energy reduction and activation energy makes the thin film more conductive because electron mobility from the valence band to the conduction band requires less energy and faster electron movement as a result of the addition of doping.

Abstract: SnO₂ is an n-type semiconductor with the band gap energy of 3.6 eV. It has been widely studied for gas sensing applications, the sensitivity of which can be easily tuned by the operating temperature. The presented paper is focused on the preparation and detailed characterization of the hollow SnO2 nano/microfibers suitable for gas detection sensors. Ceramic SnO2 fibers were produced by needleless electrospinning and followed by the calcination process. The characterization was performed by SEM, TEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The precursor PVP/SnO2 fibers had amorphous nature. The calcination of the electro spun precursor resulted in the formation of hollow crystalline fibrous structures. The formation mechanism of hollow fibers has been described. Subsequently, a homogeneous fibrous layer was created by the spin coating method for gas sensing applications.

Abstract: Dye-sensitized solar cells have better development prospects than silicon cells, and their main structural composition of nanoporous semiconductor films is particularly important. It is the tin dioxide film, and the effect of preparing tin oxide film on dye-sensitized solar cells under different conditions is studied. In this paper, the SnO₂ powder was prepared by hydrothermal method, and the experiment was studied by controlled variable method. The properties of the obtained tin dioxide powder were characterized by SEM and three-dimensional ultra-depth microscope and XRD. The XRD diffraction peak is shown as tetragonal phase rutile type SnO₂, With the increase of the concentration of tin tetrachloride solution, the coarser the particle size of the tin oxide crystal in the film, the more complicated the surface morphology, so that the specific surface area of the film is larger. At 0.1 mol/L, the surface of the film is a porous structure in the form of a loose sheet is presented. After analyzing the surface microstructure and flatness of the tin dioxide film, it can be concluded that the effect of salt concentration on the specific surface area of the film is extremely large. When the salt concentration is higher or lower, the obtained two the surface of the tin oxide film is relatively flat and has poor performance. When the salt concentration is 0.1mol/L, the surface of the obtained film has a large undulation and a large specific surface area, and the ability to adsorb the dye molecules can be predicted to be the greatest, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is optimal in the photocatalytic process.

Abstract: This document describes the technology of manufacturing metal oxide films ZnO, SnO₂, Zn₂SnO₄ from aqueous solutions of the corresponding salts by spray pyrolysis. The modes and conditions of deposition of metal oxide films on hot (420 °C) glass substrates are given. The electrical parameters of the films were measured by the van der Pau method and by the Hall effect, the surface resistance was in the range from 140 to 85⋅10³ Ohm/. The band gap was determined by light absorption spectra and was within 3.2...3.5 eV. For all metal oxides, the n-type conductivity was determined using the thermosonde and the Hall effect.