Papers by Keyword: TiN Oxide

Abstract: In this paper, the influence of immersion time on the structural and optical properties of SnO2 thin films was investigated. A series of samples was deposited by Sol-Gel dip coating method onto glass substrates. The number of layers was fixed at 03, but the immersion time was varied between 01 to 10 minutes. The samples [(3 layers) - SnO2 / glass] were submitted to thermal treatments in air at 500°C during 2h. The specimens are characterized by Raman spectroscopy and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy show that the thin films of SnO2 obtained at 06 and 10 minutes of immersion time, are crystallizes in rutile phase. The obtained results of optical analysis showed that the SnO2 thin films are transparent (77-85%) in the visible region and the values of the optical band gap varied from 3.81eV and 3.86 eV.

Abstract: Dye-sensitized solar cells have better development prospects than silicon cells, and the main structural components of nanoporous semiconductor films are particularly important. In this experimental study, we used tin dioxide film and investigated the effect of preparing this film on dye-sensitized solar cells under different conditions. Furthermore, SnO₂ powder was prepared through hydrothermal method, and an experiment was conducted through a controlled variable method. The properties of the obtained tin dioxide powder were characterized by SEM, 3D ultradepth microscopy, and XRD. An XRD peak is displayed as tetragonal-phase rutile-type SnO₂, and the SEM indicates that the powder grain size is several nanometers. With the increase in reaction time, the film gradually became flat and uniform from only a small amount of powder coating. At the reaction time of 8 days, the integrity and flatness of the film were optimal, and the pore size was uniform. Moreover, the specific surface area was large. In summary, the reaction time of 8 days is suitable for membrane growth.

Abstract: Sn-containing oxide coatings were prepared via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of Ti plate in the electrolytes with [Sn^II-EDTA]^2- complex anions or SnO₂ particles in the anode and anodic-cathodic modes. The coatings formed in electrolyte with SnO₂ particles stabilized by SAS contain SnO₂ and Sn⁰. In the electrolyte with [Sn-EDTA]^2- complex anions, the SnO₂-containing coatings were formed in the anodic mode while Sn⁰-containing ones were obtained in the anodic-cathodic mode. SnO₂-containing structures formed in the electrolytes with [Sn-EDTA]^2- anions are shown to be active in catalytic oxidation of CO into CO₂ at temperatures above 350 °C. They can be the basis for the preparation of both carriers of catalytically active compounds and catalysts for redox reactions. Potentiometric tests showed that the Sn-containing PEO layers on titanium exhibit the most characteristic pH function for the metal oxide electrodes in the direct potentiometry and acid-base titration.

Abstract: Gas sensor based on nanostructured tin oxide (SnO₂) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite material has successfully been synthesized. Reflux method was used to produce SnO₂-MWCNT powder with various ratio 1:0, 4:1, 2:1, 1:1 and 0:1. The XRD result shows that the synthesized material comprises of the combination of carbon elements (MWCNT) and SnO₂ of the crystalite cassiterite phase. BET analysis shows that MWCNT particles increase the specific surface area of SnO₂ particles. SEM images show the morphology of the SnO₂ nanoparticle composite attached to the MWCNT wall with a diameter of 40-60 nm and dispersed around it. Gas sensor testing was carried out at room temperature, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350°C. All sensor samples were exposed to 30 ppm CO gas for 15 minutes. . It was found that sample with 1:0 ratio gives the best response with 98.91% at 350°C. CO gas tests have also been carried out at various concentration 10, 30, 50 and 70 ppm to 4:1 SnO₂-MWCNT sample at 150°C. The higher the CO gas concentration, the greater the response. SnO₂-MWCNT with 4:1 ratio at 50°C has the fastest response time of 10 s and the fastest recovery time of 3 s.

Abstract: Given the shortage of energy reserves, new energy sources must be identified. In this regard, improving the efficiency of solar cell conversion and simplifying the solar cell technology have become the focus of research. In this study, tin oxide nanometer thin film was fabricated on FTO conductive glass as photocathode through hydrothermal method. The synthesis condition was regulated, and performance test was also conducted. Results show that the crystallization driving force, crystallization rate, and grain size of tin dioxide crystal increase with increasing alkali ratio, leading to disorganized accumulation of tin oxide. Under prolonged holding time, tin oxide crystal became complete, and the surface area of the crystal increased. The crystallization driving force and rate also increased with increasing salt concentration and accompanied by clutter of tin oxide. The optimized process condition included 1:4 molar ratio of salt to alkali, 0.05 mol/L salt concentration, 200 °C reaction temperature, and 8 days of reaction. The highest specific surface area of the tin oxide nanometer film was obtained under the optimized condition.

Abstract: The aim of this work was to develop technical analysis of wavelength dispersion X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and compare with technical neutron activation analysis (NAA). First, the standard of tin oxide (SnO) was ground into powder and mixed with boric acid (H₃BO₃) as binder at different weight. All of samples were investigated by WDXRF in normalize mode.The results indicated that the range can use to calibration at sample weight 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 g. Next, the three SnO samples from different area (A, B and C) were ground, mixed with binder at ratio 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 g and investigated by WDXRF in normalize mode. The results show tin (Sn) content of sample area A, B and C were 75.71, 74.61 and 71.01%, respectively. The result from NAA technique show Sn content of sample A, B and C were 79.36, 77.48 and 73.35%. The percentage error of WDXRF and NAA technique of the samples from the different area had 4.63, 3.70 and 3.19%. From the experiment as examined that the WDXRF technique could be improve process for determine chemical composition which one of choice for easy to used and low cost.

Abstract: Tin oxide (SnO₂) nanostructured thin film with different immersion times was prepared on zinc oxide (ZnO) seeded catalyst using immersion method. The immersion times were varied at 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 hours. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and two point probes current-voltage (I-V) measurements were used to study the surface morphology and electrical properties of SnO₂ nanostructured thin films. The diameter size of SnO₂ nanostructures which immersed at 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 h were in range 10-20 nm, 20-30 nm and 30-50 nm, respectively. The results shows the highest electrical properties was at 3.0 h of immersion time.

Abstract: The purpose-built pyrolysis system based on an ultrasonically generated aerosol has been successfully used for deposition of highly transparent and conductive undoped tin (IV) oxide thin films. The morphological, structural, optical and electrical properties as well as electronic structures of the films for different concentrations of SnCl₄.5H₂O used as the starting precursor were investigated. FE-SEM displayed the substrate surfaces were uniformly covered with the film. The film thickness varied with the precursor concentration. XRD patterns showed the deposited films were a tetragonal phase and presented random orientations. The optical transmission spectra of all films revealed highly transmittance in the visible region. Refractive index of the films was between 1.85 and 2.0. XPS spectra for the Sn 3d_5/2 and Sn 3d_3/2 confirmed that the films were composed of SnO and SnO₂ phases. The non-stoichiometric composition decreased with increasing concentration of the precursor. The films deposited with 0.30 M showed the highest conductivity and carrier concentration of 17 W^-1cm^-1 and 9.5 x 10¹⁹ cm^-3, respectively. The disagreement of relation between XPS and Hall measurement suggested the higher carrier concentration arose from incorporation of residual chlorine from the solution precursor during deposition into the films. The interstitially incorporated chlorine considerably influenced the electrical properties of the films.

Abstract: In this work, the nanorod structure of Tin oxide (SnO₂) prepared by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique with different O₂ flow rate from 12 to 48 sccm. The surface and Crystal structure of SnO₂ thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-raydiffraction (XRD) and tested toward ethanol gas sensing. Structural characterization showed that the morphological of all SnO₂ thin films prepared with different O₂ flow rates consists of columnar nanorod structures and the nanorod size which are likely to decrease as the O₂ flow rate increases. As the O₂ flow rate increases from 12 to 48 sccm, the crystal structure of SnO₂ nanorods changes from amorphous to crystalline and the crystallinity is improved by the increase of the O₂ flow rate. Gas sensing performances of SnO₂ nanorods have been characterized toward ethanol sensing. It was found that SnO₂ nanorods exhibit n-type conductivity with decreased resistance when exposed to ethanol, which is reducing gas. In addition, sensitivity to ethanol tend to improve as O₂ flow rate increases. Furthermore, the SnO₂ nanorods prepared at O₂ flow rates 48 sccm are detecting ethanol gas at concentrations lower than 50 ppm at operating temperature 250 °C.

Abstract: Tin Oxide (SnO₂) is a metal oxide which has many applications in industry. In this study, SnO₂ powders were synthesized by a self-propagating combustion (SPC) method. The product was annealed at 800 °C for 12 and 24 h before characterizing with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for phase studies. X-Ray Diffraction results showed that both samples are pure of tetragonal structure with space group P42/mnm. The sample annealed at a longer period, that is, 24 h, shows a higher degree of crystallinity compared to the 12 h annealed sample. It also shows a smaller full width at half maximum (FWHM), indicating larger crystallite size for the 24 h annealed sample. The particle size analysis reveals that there are two groups of particle size distributions for both samples. SEM results give values that are different from the particle sizer results due to the different nature of the measurement methods.