Papers by Keyword: Tourmaline

Abstract: Natural rubber foam/tourmaline composite was prepared from natural rubber latex and vulcanized by sulfur curing system. Tourmaline powder was dispersed in potassium oleate before foaming production. The batch foaming production was used in this research. In order to investigate the effects of tourmaline concentration in natural rubber foam, mechanical properties, microstructure, and thermal skin temperature analysis were performed. Increasing of tourmaline concentration affected on high density and small microstructure of natural rubber foam, and the increasing of skin temperature. EDS result confirmed the good distribution of tourmaline powder in natural foam.

Abstract: The technique of stone-in-place casting has been established in jewelry production for three decades. However, the process is not widely used since it is limited to precious stones with high hardness and high stability at high temperature. This experiment tested tourmaline, which is a semi-precious gemstone having less hardness and less stability compared with precious stones. The objective was to achieve the conditions of a lost-wax casting process with tourmaline placed in waxes in the casting process. The experiment was divided into two parts. The first part was to understand the tolerance of tourmaline under the heating conditions. Natural tourmaline stones were investigated and compared inclusions tested at a temperature of 700°C. Tourmaline with ion-implantation was also heated to 700°C for comparison. The second part was to test tourmaline in-place casting with tree conditions of flask casting at 550°C, 625°C, and 700°C. The results showed that stones were able to tolerate as much as at 700°C. The inclusion growth of ion-implantation under heating to 700°C also observed the growth of inclusion in the same way as untreated tourmaline. The casting condition at 550°C showed better results. The highest probability of stones breaking after casting occurred in bezel settings.

Abstract: A series of tourmaline/ZnO composite thin films were prepared by the facile route of low-temperature wet chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectroscopy analyses showed the hybrid spectroscopic characters of tourmaline and ZnO. With adding the different amount of tourmaline powder, ZnO tended to exhibit the different peak intensity of X-ray diffraction and Raman vibration. ZnO deposited into bending nanosheets and intersected to upstanding nanostucture on the surface of tourmaline particles in SEM images. The optical adsorption properities obtained by the UV-Vis spectra indicated that the addition of tourmaline had enhanced the maximum absorption strength, and had shifted the absorption wavelength and the absorption range of ZnO crystals.

Abstract: The novel tourmaline/chitosan (Tur/CS) composite fibers were successfully prepared by solution spinning method. The fibers had the diameter of 200-300μm.Tur particles were distributed evenly inside the composite fibers. The crystal structure of CS was not remarkable changed except of the crystallinity decreasing. Then L929 cells were co-cultured on the composite fibers to access the cytotoxicity in vitro.Suitable mass ration of Tur/CS composite fibers were found to be the most promising matrix for the attachment and spreading of the L929 cells. This novel fiber can be used as potential wound dressings for skin regeneration.

Abstract: In order to strengthen the activity of biofilm on the surface of fillers, the polyurethane foam loaded tourmaline (TPU) filler was prepared to use waterborne polyurethane as medium in this experiment. The results showed that tourmaline into the polyurethane foam can optimize number of polar groups on surface of fillers and buffer pH in the solution. COD and ammonium removal efficiency was higher in reactor 1 filled with TPU fillers than in reactor 2 filled with PU fillers (91.5% and 95.9% in the former, compared with 88.4% and 79.3% in the latter). Through biofilm composition analysis, the amount of polysaccharides was similar in each biofilm at around 60 mg/ g VSS, while proteins were much higher in reactor 1 filled with TPU carriers at the 30th day (80 mg /g VSS in reactor 1 and 60 mg /g VSS in reactor 2).

Abstract: The piezoelectric effect was determined and the magnetization testing of diverse tourmalines was carried out in this paper. The results show that static voltage on both ends of tourmaline crystal enhances gradually with pressure enhancing, but there is no linear function between each other. At the very time when crystal breaks, the static voltage can reach a maximum value. The direction of the static voltage is reverse when giving and losing pressure. The performances of piezoelectric strength are as follows: Elbaite>Schorl>Dravite. The piezoelectricity on both ends of tourmaline crystal is stronger than that on cylinder surface, which is 3 ~ 4 times of the cylindrical surface. The piezoelectric strength of tourmaline crystal has nothing to do with its crystal volume but has something to do with the crystal surface streak. The performance is that the more limpid of the crystal surface streak is, the more obvious of the piezoelectric effect is. The overall tourmaline magnetization is weak. Magnetic susceptibility is a linear function of the refractive index and Fe-contents. Magnetic susceptibility of Schorl is greater than that of Elbaite. Saturation magnetization and remanence magnetic of Schorl are greater perpendicular to than parallel to C axis.

Abstract: The complex permittivity and permeability of Dravite, Elbaite, ZnO and Dravite/ZnO complex powder are analyzed in this paper. Within the frequency range of 2~18 GHz, the dielectric losses of these four materials are in the sequence of: 0 ≈ Dravite ≈Elbaite < ZnO < coated powder = 0.211. The complex powder's magnetic loss decreases gradually with the increase of frequency. The magnetic loss is between 0.05 and 0.15 at the frequency ranging from 2 to 6 GHz. The research has shown that Dravite/ZnO complex powder exhibits some microwave absorbing capability, which may widen the application of tourmaline in the field of environmental depollution.

Abstract: Tourmaline is a kind of non-metal mineral, which has been applied widely in environmental protection, such as radiating infrared, producing ion negative and shielding electromagnetic radiation. It is proved that tourmaline has the properties of spontaneous electrode effect and weak magnetism. Tourmaline from different areas has some differences on internal crystal structure and chemical composition. This paper studied on the infrared radiation properties of four different kinds of tourmaline produced in Hebei Guangxi, Henan, Xinjiang. Our experiments indicated that different species of tourmaline has different rate of infrared radiation on the same condition, and infrared radiation rate changes with temperature and particle size.

Abstract: Chitosan has good biocompatibility and physiological activity, tourmaline possesses characteristics of generation of anion, reduction of water molecular beam and emission of far infrared radiation, so the two composite materials will hopefully possesses the two excellent properties, thus show good application prospect in the biomedical and cosmetic field. Experiment utilized chitosan as wrapped base material, adopt method of suspension solution compound precipitation to manufacture chitosan/tourmaline compound powder, using XRD, SEM, IR and other means to represent powders prepared, and the experimental results show that the synthetic compound powder with irregular granular, chitosan wrapped tourmaline well, the composite of tourmaline and chitosan is physical composite, with the increment of tourmaline , the degree of crystallization of chitosan in compound powder weaken, the composite powder has good absorptive and preservative liquid ability.

Abstract: The effect of tourmaline on growth activity of marine bacterium and the diatom Navicula perminuta was investigated by testing number of bacteria in fresh nature seawater and chlorophyll a of the diatom suspension. The concentrations of magnesium, iron and lithia tourmaline powders were controlled from 1 g/L to 15 g/L. The results showed that bacterial cells in seawater and chlorophyll a of diatom solution were reduced with increase of tourmaline powder. Tourmaline could inhibit obviously the growth activity of marine bacteria and diatom. The inhibiting effect of lithia tourmaline is strongest, that of magnesium stronger, and that of iron weakest. Whatever the tourmaline type, the higher the negative ion release rate is, the stronger is the inhibiting effect of tourmaline on growth activity of marine bacteria and diatom. Tourmaline mineral materials are expected to use as an additive to antifouling coatings from this work.