Papers by Keyword: Toxicity

Abstract: This study reports on the amperometric sensing properties of FeO/Fe₂O₃ thin films for the detection of Allura Red (AR) and Direct Blue 15 (DB15) Azo dyes. The FeO/Fe₂O₃ thin films were produced using the Sequential Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method and Na⁺-doping. The morphological and structural properties of the nanocomposites produced at pH of 10.5 showed good properties for the detection of azo dyes. The linear curve fit equations for AR and DB15 droplet applications onto Na⁺-doped FeO nanocomposite thin film samples were found to be y = -0.0002x + 0.0043 (R² = 0.9143) and y = -7E-05x + 0.0005 (R² = 0.9809), respectively. The findings reveal that adding Na⁺ doping to FeO/Fe₂O₃ thin films can effectively increase the detection response for the target azo dyes and enhance the sensitivity of the sensing system. The results suggest that the SILAR method can be used to produce low-cost and reusable FeO/Fe₂O₃ thin film devices, which can be promising candidates for the detection of toxic azo dyes in liquid samples.

Abstract: Copper and its salt are remarkably non-toxic to mammalian tissue. It is possible to ingest a large number of soluble copper salts such as copper sulphide to produce intoxication, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal cramp. Copper salts are widely employed in agriculture and veterinary practice. Copper is an essential trace element in life and is a component of several metalloenzymes and other proteins such as cytochrome oxidase, heamocyanin, lysin oxidase, ascorbate oxidase and amine oxidase. When copper is present in the body above a particular dosage of greater than 100ppm in rats, it becomes fatal to rats. Copper is transported by blood, and is distributed to tissue and organs which have different retention capacities with the highest level of copper found in the liver, kidney, spleen and lungs. This study investigated the toxicological effect of copper in the liver and kidney of animals, using albino rats as the experimental animal. The serum chemistry report showed that the protein value of the liver homogenate for most of the experimental rats was higher than that of the control whereas the value of globulin for the control was similar to that of the experimental rats. The kidney homogenate revealed that Calcium ion has higher contents in the experimental rats than that in the control. In conclusion, the effect of copper varies with the groups of rats as compared to the control.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanostructures made from rolled graphene planes and have several intriguing chemical and physical characteristics. Allotropes of carbon having a nanostructure that can have a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 1,000,000 are known as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These cylindrical carbon molecules have unique features that could make them valuable in a variety of nanotechnology applications. Their distinct surface area, stiffness, strength, and durability have generated a significant amount of interest in the health industry to achieve bio-functionalities, CNTs can be connected with a variety of biological substances, such as hormones, proteins, and nucleic acids. There are two types of CNTs: single-walled (SWNTs) and multi-walled (MWNTs). Their high aspect ratio, ultralightweight, strength, strong thermal conductivity, and electrical properties ranging from metallic to semiconducting are just a few of their intriguing characteristics. Drug delivery, blood cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, immunological treatment, biomedical imaging, biosensors, and tissue engineering are all areas where CNTs are beneficial, and the toxicology of carbon nanotubes is also discussed here.

Abstract: This article presents the results of studies considering the possibility of obtaining products based on phenol-formaldehyde oligomers of reduced toxicity, material consumption and corrosive activity. This is achieved by removing free phenol and formaldehyde monomers from the foaming composition and by more complete implementation of hydrodynamic processes during foaming of the composition. The article includes the results of studies on finding the ratio of the initial components and its effect on the corrosive activity of finished products. It is also considered the determination of the dependences of the toxicity and material consumption of phenolic foams on the pressure gradient of the foaming composition and the environment. For the research, the FRV-1A resole prepolymer and the VAG-3 foaming-hardening agent were used as raw materials. The content of phenol and formaldehyde monomers was determined by gas chromatography. In this work, the diagram of installation is developed and presented. It consists of a high-pressure machine, a mold, a vacuum pump, a vacuum gauge, air supply and air removal pipes. The results indicate that ensuring the formation of a cellular structure of phenolic foam in the low-pressure zone makes it possible to obtain heat-insulating products based on phenol-formaldehyde oligomers of reduced toxicity, material consumption and corrosive activity.

Abstract: Chemical fertilizers are used in large quantities to boost the plant's development. Approximately 90 % of the fertilizer used is lost due to runoff and other processes, resulting in surface and groundwater contamination downstream. Nanofertilizers are believed to be more ecologically friendly and effective when used in small quantities. The use of nanomaterials in agriculture is not always successful. Nanoparticles may readily be discharged into water or the air, where they are ingested by living creatures, causing toxicity in humans, animals, and aquatic life. The aquatic environment has been contaminated with fertilizer runoff, which has been found to have fatal and sublethal impacts on aquatic species. In this work, the harmful effects of NPK-nanofertilizers were determined using the zebrafish embryo toxicity test (ZFET). To summarize, all nanofertilizers were dissolved in deionized water and diluted into concentration ranges in embryo medium. The toxicity of the fertilizer sample was next assessed on the early development of zebrafish embryos from 24 hours post-exposure (hpe) to 120 hpe. The survival rate, LC₅₀, hatching rate, heart rate, and teratogenicity were all assessed. Toxicity of nanofertilizers T1, T2, and T3 to zebrafish embryos was moderate, with LC₅₀ values of 45.7, 38.56, and 19.52 mM, respectively. While no teratogenic defect was seen in embryos treated with the respective samples from 0 hpe to 120 hpe, there was no teratogenic defect observed in the embryos treated with the respective samples from 0 hpe to 120 hpe. The larval heartbeat and hatching rate are unaffected by the nanofertilizer samples. As a result, the current study lays the groundwork for understanding the developmental toxicity of nanofertilizers in zebrafish embryos. Because little is known about the harmful effects of nanofertilizers on aquatic vertebrate species, this knowledge is essential for future research evaluating aquatic risk from nanofertilizers.

Abstract: The sudden emergence of novel coronavirus CoVID-19 in China during the end of last year and its outburst all around the globe thereafter have raised serious questions about their instant management and diagnostic measures as it is infecting humans around in an exponential manner. The implementation of nanotechnology could perhaps ingenerate the rising distress due to the spread of the disease as the conventional antiviral drugs just control the symptoms. Nanoparticles drug delivery systems are engineered technologies that use nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents. Nanoparticles based approach can replace the treatment with a more promising one that could meet these challenges. Understanding molecular pathogenesis of CoVID-19 infection is very important to exploit the nanoparticles to fight against it. A lot of nanostructures have been developed with antiviral and antibacterial properties for a variety of drug delivery and biomedical applications. The need of the hour is to exploit nano research to develop effective diagnostics tools, drugs, vaccines to treat and prohibit infection. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the role and potential of various nanoparticles to inhibit CoVID-19 infection and its toxicity effects.

Abstract: A comparative analysis of the occupational hazard was done when working with widely known cyanide electrolytes and new thiocarbamide and citrate acid-based electrolytes. For this purpose, we made use of available reference data on maximum permissible substance concentrations, i.e. process solution components. Appropriate computations were done to define the environmental hazard of the electrolytes used for the application of silver, gold and copper coatings and also for the electrochemical silver polishing. Consideration was given to the reactions that proceed in cyanide and thiocarbamide-citrate bathes. The main drawbacks and advantages of given electrolytes have been established. Special attention was paid to the quality of galvanic products. It was proved that the suggested electrolytes are highly competitive with cyanide analogues as for their visual appearance, density and other characteristics of the condition of treated surface. These turned out to be labor saving and energy efficient and have substantially lower harmful effect on the human health and environment.

Abstract: Nickel zinc carbon nanotubes (NiZnCNT) has gained substantial interest among researchers lately due to its wide application in the field of biomedical fields. Nickel zinc (NiZn) is well known for its corrosion-resistant, microware and magnetic properties. On the other hand, carbon nanotube (CNT) is known for its application as biosensor and tissue engineering scaffolds. Despite the excellent properties and diverse applications, the toxicity profile of NiZnCNT remains poorly understood. In this study, the potential toxic effect of NiZnCNT to living organism was evaluated using a nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. Adult worms were exposed to NiZnCNT at 50 and 200 μg/mL, followed by the assessment of three physiological parameters, including the effect NiZnCNT on C. elegans feeding behavior, reproductive ability and the overall lifespan of the worms. No significant difference was noted between the feeding rate of worms treated with NiZnCNT at both concentrations and the control population (p>0.05). Furthermore, there was no reduction in the production of progenies in NiZnCNT-treated worms, proposing that the nanoparticles tested does not negatively affect the reproductive system of animal. The mean lifespan of worms for untreated control, 50 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL of NiZnCNT was 10.4, 9.7 and 8.9 days respectively and no significant difference was observed in statistical analysis (p>0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated in the context of whole organism that NiZnCNT did not possess harmful toxic effect to living system, at concentration up to 200 μg/mL. The results further support the use of this nanoparticle in the field of biomedicine.

Abstract: Has been analysed the aging, biodegradation and toxic effects of biomedical implants in dentistry. Physico-chemical aspects of aging as well as biodegradation and toxicity of polymer dental implants were viewed. The prospects of development and application of polymer smart implants in dentistry are described.

Abstract: The resulting monomer is N,N-diallylaminoethanoic acid and a polymer based on it. The structure of the monomer and polymer is confirmed by physicochemical methods. The toxic properties of poly-N,N-diallylaminoethanoic acid were investigated on the Drosophila melanogaster test system. The results obtained allow us to conclude that poly-N,N-diallylaminoethanoic acid in concentrations of 1 % does not have a toxic effect.