Papers by Keyword: Tracking

Abstract: The Smart Foundry concept promises benefits of improved foundry supply chain quality, more sustainable metal processing, and improved customer support. A significant need includes automated data gathering and visualization of the data. In metal foundries regardless of manufacturing small parts in mass production or big parts in small production, metal castings are difficult to trace individually. Furthermore, to identify causes of defects through statistical correlation of recorded process inputs to inspected part defects becomes challenging. In this paper we present a sand-casting Smart Foundry operation including automated scan-based tracking of cast parts through the foundry and supply chain. This allowed process data collected to be automatically associated with the part being processed. This study proved that additively manufactured tags can be utilized in foundry serial production operations for direct-part-marking of castings and both digital tracking and process data collection of individual cast parts. Further we made use of the captured part-by-part data to develop a root cause analysis for quality defect causal correlation. The results indicated that the casting feature dimensional quality was highly correlated with variations in sand bending strength, tin content in aluminum, and pouring time, among others. Such insights are available when tracking process and part data as part of a Smart Foundry.

Abstract: Polymer insulators traditionally used in HVAC (High Voltage Alternating Current) are used in HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission lines. For these polymer insulators, silicone insulating rubber, based on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is used in industry to manufacture high voltage insulators for power lines. Silicone rubber material ages due to pollution and environmental factors such as UV (ultraviolet light), rain, and temperature. Moreover, no international standard is available to standardize its functional characteristics to ensure its best performance in HVDC regime. Standards usually define the testing procedures to measure the resistance of the materials to these conditions. One of the tests used to evaluate the performance in AC (alternating current) of the housing material of polymeric insulators is the inclined plane test (IPT). This test has the purpose of assessing the tracking and erosion resistance of housing materials. However, for the IPT, no consensus is reached yet for this testing in Direct Current (DC) voltage. In addition, there are no indications whether the formulations that have been successfully used for HVAC work fine; also, in HVDC regime, or not. In this paper, an investigation of the tracking and erosion resistance under positive DC IPT is presented. In this way, the study was carried out on skirts of an HVAC commercial insulator and samples of a new outstanding composite silicone rubber formulation filled with micro and nano particles. The results show that HVAC silicone rubber formulations could not be suitable for HVDC applications under highly polluted conditions. In the case of the new enhanced composite, it is shown how nano particles used in this material significantly enhance the performance during DC tracking and erosion testing well above other materials tested in previous works. Also, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the composites is used to correlate thermal stability with the DC IPT performance.

Abstract: Enhancement of the room temperature vulcanization silicone rubber (RTV) tracking resistance with various filler loadings of synthesized wollastonite against electrical surface tracking was prepared. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray fluorescent (XRF) techniques were involved in characterizing the synthesized substances. The test method IEC-60587 standard was employed to evaluate the surface tracking resistance. The results obtained from the XRF technique confirmed that the raw materials could be synthesized for wollastonite, while the XRD and SEM techniques revealed the formation of wollastonite (CaSiO₃) associated with gehlenite (Ca₂Al₂SiO₇). Moreover, it was found that the electrical surface tracking resistance of composite insulation takes a long time to track when the filler loading is increased more than 5 phr.

Abstract: A vision-based fuzzy controller for a quadrotor is proposed in this paper to realize ground target tracking. Due to the under-actuated property of quadrotors as well as the coupled dynamics in the image plane, it is challenging to design an image-based visual servoing controller for the quadrotor. Since the fuzzy control does not require an accurate model, a fuzzy-based approach is presented to solve the image-based tracking problem. Fuzzy controller takes image moments as inputs and its outputs are used to control the position of quadrotor in a form of tilt angles and vertical velocity adjustment. The proposed approach is verified by experiment.

Abstract: Polymer based insulating dielectric materials have been replaced ceramic dielectric materials in the recent past due to their better electric, thermal and mechanical properties. They are user friendly and can be poured into any shape and size. In this work, room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTVSR) is used as the base insulating material on account of its hydrophobicity and consequent low leakage losses. Further, addition of nanosized fillers into bulk polymers has often been seen to improve their electrical and non-electrical properties. Here, nanosized alumina fillers have been used in the RTVSR matrix. A concentration level of 3% by weight of nanoAlumina (Al₂O₃) is used. Mechanical mixing and ultrasonic mixing are used for reducing the agglomeration of nanofillers. In this work, we study the effect of incorporation of nanofillers into RTVSR on its propensity to tracking and associated degradation. Inclined plane test for erosion (IPT) as per the IEC60587 is performed. To estimate the extent of erosion, SEM and weight loss analysis are also done. Silicone rubber filled with nanosized alumina is seen to have a greater resistance to erosion in comparison to pure silicone rubber.

Abstract: In recent years there has been a growing attention towards use of solar energy. Advantages of photovoltaic (PV) systems employed for harnessing solar energy are reduction of greenhouse gas emission, low maintenance costs, fewer limitations with regard to site of installation and absence of mechanical noise arising from moving parts. However, PV systems suffer from relatively low conversion efficiency. Therefore, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the solar array is essential in a PV system. The nonlinear behaviour of PV systems as well as variations of the maximum power point with solar irradiance level and temperature complicates the tracking of the maximum power point. This paper reviews various MPPT methods based on three categories: offline, online and hybrid methods. Design of a PV system in a encoding environment has also been reviewed here. Furthermore, different MPPT methods are discussed in terms of the dynamic response of the PV system to variations in temperature and irradiance, attainable efficiency, and implementation considerations.

Abstract: We use multiple tracking agents in parallel for autonomously tracking an arbitrary target from an unmanned aerial vehicle. An object initially selected by a user from a possibly cluttered scene containing other static and moving objects and occlusions - both partial and complete - is tracked as long as it remains in view using a single light-weight camera readily installed in a UAV. We assumed, for the present, at least, that the UAV sends images to a ground station which controls it. We evaluated several individual tracking agents in terms of tracking success and their times for processing frames streamed from the UAV to the ground station at 25 fps, so that the system shoud compute results in 40ms. Histogram trackers were most successful at $\sim 10$ ms per frame which can be further optimized.

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a side-peak cancellation scheme for unambiguous BOC signal tracking. We obtain partial correlations using a pulse model of a BOC signal, and then, we finally obtain an unambiguous correlation function based on the partial correlations. The proposed correlation function is confirmed from numerical results to provide an improved tracking performance over the conventional correlation functions.

Abstract: With the maturity of GPS technology and the decrease of GPS module cost, which is becoming more and more widely. This paper designed the SCT90C516 micro-computer as the control core of GPS positioning system, Consisted by GPS module, independent keys and LCD display, serial communication interface and on STC micro-computer modules. Aiming at tracking the objective in the outdoor environment. And it can be used in smart clothes, vehicle positioning and tracking to protect wild animals.

Abstract: There have been specified the principal tasks of the image preparation for the face recognition and criteria of the image quality evaluation. There has been proposed a method of the face tracking in a video stream, a search criterion of the similar images formulated and the current estimators of the contrasting effect and image sharpness analyzed. The method of lighting compensation and the angle control method on the basis of POSIT algorithm have been studied.