Papers by Keyword: Transformation

Abstract: Considering the refuse and leachate as one whole system, a conventional landfill (CL) was set as a control, transformation of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) in recirculated landfill (RL) and bioreactor landfill (BL) was studied. Results showed that DOP was detected in both leachate and refuse from CL, RL and BL. The initial DOP amount was 0.8 μg g^-1 in the landfill refuse. At the day of 310, refuse sedimentation rates were 7.0%, 11.9% and 24.3% in CL, RL and BL, respectively. DOP removal rates were 17.4%, 30.8% and 31.7% in the refuse from CL, RL and BL, respectively. The residual amounts of DOP with significant differences well fitted exponential decay models in CL, RL and BL. DOP biodegradation was accelerated with the operation of leachate recirculation compared to the conventional operation, and it was further promoted with the introduction of methanogenic reactor.

Abstract: The nitrogen conversion with attention to the intermediates and NOx precursors has been investigated during the primary pyrolysis of sewage sludge by using Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The results indicated that 75.4% of total nitrogen exists in the forms of protein in the sewage sludge. Amine compounds and nitrogen heterocyclics were found to be the main nitrogenated intermediates during the pyrolysis process in the temperature range of 250-400 °C. As the dominant nitrogenated compounds, the relative proportions of amine compounds were above 52% in all cases. And since the decomposition of sewage sludge was promoted by high temperature, the relative proportion of amine compounds increased by 24.6% when the temperature raised from 300 to 400 °C. Moreover, the generation of NH₃ at 250 ^oC was mainly derived from the decomposition of ammonium salt, while the deamination of amine compounds led to a significant increase of NH₃ at 300 °C.

Abstract: In according with the transformation rules of C-Si-Mn-Cr and C-Si-Mn-Cr-Mo tested steels, rolling experiment was carried out in lab. to analyze the effect of Mo on transformation, microstructure and property of high strength hot rolled dual phase steels. The results showed that the addition of element Mo decreased start temperature of ferrite transformation and restrains pearlite transformation. There was a metastable austenite zone between ferrite and bainite transformation zone of No.2 steel with 0.35% of Mo. After controlled rolling and step cooling process, dual phase microstructures in which fine martensite islands dispersed in soft ferrite matrix were obtained by two kinds of tested steel. With the addition of Mo, yield strength and tensile strength increased by 80MPa and 60MPa respectively, meanwhile, elongation increased slightly.

Abstract: This paper presents a novel method for skin segmentation in color images using piece-wise linear bound skin detection. Various color schemes are investigated and evaluated to find the effect of color space transformation over the skin detection performance. The comprehensive knowledge about the various color spaces helps in skin color modeling evaluation. The absence of the luminance component increases performance, which also supports in finding the appropriate color space for skin detection. The single color component produces the better performance than combined color component and reduces computational complexity.

Abstract: Mercury is one of important trace heavy metal elements and about 1/3 of mercury in the air comes from emissions of coal-fired flue gas. In this study, we simulated mercury’s 4 important reactions of the oxidation kinetics mechanism and got every reactions’ rate variations; meanwhile we studied the kinetics of four reactions and got the reacting paths, five pre-exponential factor in different temperatures, reaction activation energy change and reaction rate constant change, a relatively comprehensive homogeneous oxidation model established. Through the above simulation study, the kinetics and thermodynamics parameters of 4 primitive reactions are obtained, having a great benefit for understanding the transformation mechanism of mercury in the process of coal combustion.

Abstract: Technology methods of cast-in-place pile post grouting has the advantages of easy operation, good reliability, low cost and bearing capacity growth. In order to study and demonstrate the method on bearing capacity level of cast-in-place pile, a series of tests including of vertical static loading test and horizontal static loading test were used in the job. Some testing results were obtained from the tests.

Abstract: We got already used to adapted industrial architecture as a reliable architectural setting for a museum or a cultural centre. Former industrial objects have the ability to provide expected architectural expression/expressiveness together with optimal functionality. The characteristic schematic profile of a factory as well as museum of art saw-tooth roof signifies a part of genetics the mentioned types of buildings have in common. What is the situation of former military objects and areas Do they have a potential comparable to the industrial architecture Military estates can represent an ideal donor of a spatial setting for cultural centre or a museum. We’re not dealing with a recent direction in architectural evolution – the project of sculptor Donald Judd in Marfa in American Texas begun to rise already in the 70-ties of the 20^th century. Some time later the area Hombroich in Germany begun to develop and it has been systematically evolved since then until nowadays. In both cases we can see generous or even landscape-like defined areas based on their character. In 2013 open “Kulturpark Košice” realized within the “European Capital of Culture – Košice 2013” event represents a different point of view to this problematic. Not only has the design and the former adapted military objects a different dating but above all by its urban context in which it exists. In any case these examples of successful conversions show on one hand the potential of former military objects or areas that lost their former use on the other hand these projects are an inspirational perspective of how these forgotten or even seemingly dead buildings and areas can revive again.

Abstract: Classic information theory is based on the probability information which isn't involved in any fuzzy events. A hypothesis of transformation and classification of uncertain information sources presented in this paper is exploited to explain several phenomena in information retrieval. First, the form of uncertainty is introduced including fuzzy and random. Then an information source containing a sample space and a fuzzy set is supposed to illustrate the hypothesis based on which a method of identification for information sources is educed. And there are also some problems for further study, such as the transformation mechanism between different information sources and so on.

Abstract: This Paper introduces the complete process of data provenance tracing for transformation diagram based on Wivern: at first, we construct the candidate weak derivation-sets using continued-tracing weak inverse attribute mapping, then verify them according the type and property of transformation and attribute mapping.

Abstract: The objective of this work is to measure the residual stress normal to the cut plane which has a large size using contour method. Translations and rotations are applied to the second point cloud to assure the continuity of the contour. There is still the same work on the opposing cut plane, align and combine the two contour datasets, perform the interpolation and then integrate with a finite element modelling package to apply many thousands of different boundary conditions. The finite element result shows a good continuity indicating the success of transformation means applied on the point cloud. The result gets the stress distribution normal to the cut plane. Beam forming is simulated to study the residual stress distribution of the stretch-wrap bend forming, the residual stress from contour method and forming simulation present the same trend.