Papers by Keyword: Transport

Abstract: The paper presents the importance of the sustainable development of means of transport. The biggest challenge facing the transport sector is to significantly reduce emissions and become sustainable. The sustainable development of transport also leads to a sustainable development of human society, by ensuring the circulation of goods, which has become a distinct, independent branch of the national economies and the European economy. For the EU, it is very important that Europe's economy grows sustainably and sustainably – a central aspect of its policies. The EU also plays a key role in promoting sustainable development worldwide.

Abstract: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment have been intensively studied recently. These compounds can cause serious problem in environment. Intake of these compounds in low concentration can threat human health due to its reactivity and chemical composition. Occurrences of PPCPs in environments are important to recognize in order to draw broad understanding on which mitigation of PPCPs can be deliberated. This review provides general information about occurrence of PPCPs. Moreover, sources of PPCPs in the environment are comprehensively explained. The fate and transport mechanisms of PPCPs are summarized based on important studies of selected groups of PPCPs which conducted through years based on several previous study cases are mentioned and elaborated to pinpoint the existence of these pollutants. In the end, identification of the current research limitation and further recommendations are proposed for improving mitigation process and addressing further research.

Abstract: The availability of sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources is one of the biggest challenges faced by scientists and engineering communities. First of all, the fossil fuels used to meet existing energy demands cause the depletion of resources, the increase of greenhouse gas emissions, and eventually destruction of nature. Polymers have many industrial application areas due to the ease of processing, the reasonable price and the ability to modify with the desired features. Biopolymers have become a focus of attention in terms of the polymer sector because biomass can be separated into harmless products such as CO₂ and H₂O in the natural environment and can have sustainable resources. The studies on biomass and hydrogen fuel cells are more advantageous than other alternative and clean energy sources because they have the continuous energy supply, compact design, and wide application areas without being dependent on nature. In practice, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are pinched among the other fuel cells. For this purpose, in this chapter diffusion, transport and water absorption properties of eco-friendly polymer composites generally used are discussed.

Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are microscopic objects with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. These were first discovered by Michael Faraday in 1857 when he prepared gold nanoparticles and observed that nanostructured gold produced red color. This distinct feature of nanoparticles could be due to very small size. NPs are very small compared to the wavelengths of light, hence absorb light in the blue-green portion of the spectrum (~450 nm) and reflect the red light (~700 nm) thus yield a rich red color. NPs also possess very high surface to mass ratio that could be utilized in several application areas wherein a very high surface area is required. Nanoparticles witnessed tremendous growth in research and application areas especially in medicine in twentieth century after discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991. Nanoparticles have been explored in medicine as targeted delivery carriers to deliver macromolecules such as proteins, enzymes, to the target organ up to cellular levels. Of late, these carriers have been employed to treat several tumors owing to its capacity to deliver chemotherapeutic agents to the tumor cells only thus improving efficacy and minimizing side effects of anticancer agents.

Abstract: The article dwells upon ensuring the reliability of shell structures used in construction under harsh climatic, technological, and geological conditions by using composite nanomaterials. The technical solutions were brought forward, providing engineering protection to urban development, including retaining and fortifying structures, foundations of buildings and facilities, including transport systems, consisting of soil-filled elements. The paper describes the theoretical and experimental study of these solutions. It is based on the application of technical nanomaterials manufactured for a specific purpose and for the reorganization of the necessary functions.

Abstract: The EU funded SPARTACUS project pursues the implementation of a small size, low-power consumption, tracking-unit integrating satellite receiver and antenna with terrestrial inertial sensors, enabling a dead reckoning functionality. In case of a good GNSS signal coverage, precise positioning and timing capabilities of the system are double-checked, while the positioning accuracy for dead reckoning has to be validated. In this paper, the results of field tests simulations are presented in order to validate the positioning performance in the absence of the GNSS signal. Two goals are pursued to secure tracking and functionalities customized for: (i) critical transport assets, and (ii) flow of relief support goods from the sending side to the receiving place.

Abstract: The paper presents the results of the experimental investigation of the pulsed electron beam propagation propagated in a drift tube filled with oxygen. The pressure was 50, 300, and 760 Torr in the drift tube. The experiments were carried out using a TEA-500 pulsed electron accelerator (450 kV accelerating voltage; 10 kA electron beam current; 80±1 ns pulse duration to the base; up to 200 J pulse energy; and 5 cm diameter beam). The electron beam was propagated in the drift tube (40 cm long), 14 cm in diameter composed of two sections equipped with two reverse current shunts. The experiments were carried out which fixed the absorbed dose registered on the walls of the drift chamber.

Abstract: Conductivity and capacitance in structures with Ge nanoclusters grown on oxidized Si (001) with different morphology have been investigated for the temperature range 120-290 K and frequencies 1 kHz-1MHz in co-planar geometry. It was found that structures exhibited T^-1/3 conductivity dependence. The Mott’s variable range hopping through quasi-band of localized states at the Fermi level of Ge nanoclusters and their interfaces was found to be the dominant transport mechanism in the surface conductivity channel. The quasi-band width depends of surface morphology varying in the range 110-130 meV, while the middle of the band is located at E_v+140 meV. The peak of reduced conductivity and capacitance were observed under conditions when Fermi level is in the middle of this band.

Abstract: The increase of individual car traffic causes that existing transport networks fail to meet the needs of road traffic in the means of capacity. One of the possible options for solving this problem is the construction of new communications. This solution is difficult to implement due to the high investment costs and possibility for further development. Therefore, one of the options for avoiding this problem is to make public urban transport more attractive, for example, through its support and preference. One of the main criteria in the quality evaluation of public urban transport is the transfer speed from origin to destination. This speed can be most noticeably affected by the use of public urban transport preference.This paper will discuss the analysis of passengers’ satisfaction with services provided by carriers of urban transport and the possibilities of public urban transport preference through the preference of public urban transport vehicles in reserved traffic lanes and on signal controlled intersections.

Abstract: In this paper, we focus on the optimization of the system of the spare parts distribution for authorized garages in the Czech Republic. A spare parts market belongs to one of the key elements of the car industry. However, it has to adapt to still higher requirements on accuracy, speed and minimum error rate of the deliveries with keeping the costs at its minimum at the same time. The distribution of products from depots to customers is a practical and challenging problem in logistics that opens a significant space for application of software products.The design of optimal routes of vehicles from two depots can be formulated in combinatorial optimization as a multi-depot vehicle routing problem.The goal of a multi-depot vehicle routing problem is to design routes that start and end in one of the depots and visit a subset of customers in a specific sequence. Every customer has to be visited on one of the routes and the total costs for the delivery should be minimal.Vehicle routing problems belong to the class of NP-hard problems which means that there is no efficient algorithm for finding optimal solution available. To find a solution in an efficient way, we propose an approximate method based on a genetic algorithm.