Papers by Keyword: Tricalcium Silicate

Abstract: Calcium silicate-based cements have been investigated recently for various medical applications. One notable application is using calcium silicate cement in dental root canal treatments. This work aimed to develop a novel flowable dual-paste calcium silicate sealer with an extended capacity for releasing antibiotic drugs. This study prepared a composite dental cement incorporating tri- and dicalcium silicate (C₂S and C₃S) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA). International standards are followed by the sealers' film thickness, flowability values, working time, and setting time. The formation of calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate was proved in the XRD patterns, which attributed to the hydration of C₂S and C₃S. The in vitro release of Amoxicillin (AMX) loaded in the composite cement was conducted in deionized (DI) water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and investigated using Higuchi and Weibull models. Upon immersion in PBS, the sedimentation of hydroxyapatite layer on the cement surface, led to a comparatively slower AMX release rate than that in water. The results of the agar diffusion test showed that the presence of the antibiotic drug improved antibacterial properties in such a way that by adding AMX in the cement formulation, the diameter of the inhibition zone increased from 31.61 mm in TCS to 40.17 mm in TCS- 30 mM sample after 72 hours. These results imply that the drug-loaded cement pastes hold potential for application as a bioactive dental root canal sealer, offering antibiotic-loading properties with long-term release capabilities.

Abstract: The paper is focused on one of the most important component of Portland clinker-on the tricalcium silicate. The study reported in this article is focuses on the changes in crystallite size of synthetic tricalcium silicate obtained using solid state reaction method. Crystallite size changes are monitored during the grinding in three types of laboratory mills in two different conditions. Changing in crystallite size at various grinding time up to 120 minutes are studied with the aid of X-ray diffraction and using the Scherrer equation. It has been found that the most efficient laboratory mill in terms of speed and fineness of the material was the planetary mill.

Abstract: The influence of uranium simulated waste water on the hydration properties of the cement was studied by modern test methods such as TAM air, XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS. The results show that uranium can promote the hydration of mineral C₃S, and inhibit the hydration of mineral C₃A. By comparing scanning of hydration products, it was found that the existence of uranium significantly changed the morphology of clinker hydration products , but uranium had little effect on the type of clinker hydration product.

Abstract: Chemical admixtures are frequently used to regulate the setting and strength development of concrete materials. In this study, tricalcium silicate (C₃S) was used as a model of the cement system, and the influence of calcium chloride, an extremely useful accelerator, on C₃S hydration and the pore structure of hardened C₃S paste were investigated by the combination of the techniques of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the N₂ adsorption (BET). The results indicated that the addition of calcium chloride would significantly shorten the pre-induction and induction periods and enhance the specific surface area and porosity of hardened C₃S paste. However, the presence of CaCl₂ has little effect on the pores, with a width ranging from 2.5 nm to 5 nm. DSC technique has an advantage of measuring continuously the process of C₃S hydration by changes of free water in hydrated C₃S.

Abstract: The research investigates various methods to identify magnesium oxide influences on the crystal structure and hydration properties of tricalcium silicate. The f-CaO content of the clinkers were analyzed by chemical analysis. The complex disordered superstructure of the tricalcium silicate has been studied by a joint XRD, NMR and TEM. The results show that MgO exerts a remarkable influence on the polymorphisms of C₃S. Mg is not only substitutional atom but also interstitial atom in the crystal lattice of tricalcium silicate. The HRTEM pattern of C₃S doped with MgO is covered by the various irregular lattice. The addition of appropriate amount of MgO in raw meal can change the formation kinetic of C₃S, slightly perturb the environment of SiO₄^4- tetrahedral, modify the crystal structure of C₃S and affect the hydration activity. Doped with MgO in the raw meal can slow down the hydration rate of alite slightly in early stage.

Abstract: Chemical method of extraction was adopted in the study, and aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and sucrose (KOSH) was used to obtain the clinker rich in silicate phases (alite and belite) in order to get the crystal forms of tricalcium silicates (C₃S) in the belite-barium calcium sulphoaluminate cement clinker. The crystal forms of C₃S were finally determined by XRD (X-ray diffraction) spectrums through its characteristic windows of the diffraction spectrums. Results shows that, C₃S exists in the innovative cement system mainly in the form of M1; C_2.75B_1.25A₃ can completely dissolve in KOSH solution while its dissolution is inhibited in the cement system; after KOSH treatment, diffraction peaks of C₄AF disappear totally and peaks of C₃A has weakened to great extent; for the cement clinker, the clinker ground for 90min has the best extraction rate.

Abstract: Specimens were prepared by burning mixtures containing CaCO₃ and SiO₂ in 3:1 stoichiometric ratio along with dopants at different temperatures. Formation of C₃S doped with SO₃, BaO and MgO was studied. The results show that the temperature of beginning formation for C₃S is 1380°C in the system, and there exist both C₃S and C₂S. SO₃, BaO and MgO can effectively stabilize the M₁ and M₃ type alites through substitution and interstitial imperfection, and make f-CaO content 8.68 wt% at 1450°C. C₃S doped with minor elements appears in the shape of six-party plate with the mean size of 17~30μm.

Abstract: In this research, the purpose is to carry out the in vitro study of the plasticity hybrid complex. The main components of the material are tricalcium silicate (C₃S, Ca₃SiO₅) and collagen. In vitro studies, including cell toxicity test (MTT), flowcytometry detection and alkaline phosphatase test (ALP) were carried out to evaluate the biocompatibility of the materials and soaking mediums. Results showed that soaking mediums of different amounts of materials didn’t affect cell growth harmfully. Moreover, the soaking mediums would stimulate the osteoblast and trigger the biomineralization processes leading to higher secretion of ALP during cultivation.. The results in this research showed that the biocompatibility of our hybrid complex for future applications.

Abstract: The paper study on the properties of Tricalcium Silicate (C₃S) in different physical and chemical environment, the results suggest that neither chemically nor by way of adsorption and that the physically bound water could not act as a solvent for the ethanolamine. Small-angle neutron scattering studies allow a nondestructive description of statistically representative microstructures in the scale range from micrometer to nanometer. Moreover, the scattering signals can be analyzed in a variety of ways, and more detailed insight can be provided into the very complex cement paste microstructure.

Abstract: The effect of barium on the formation, structure and phase transition of tricalcium silicate (C₃S) has been studied by X-ray powder diffraction combined with Rietveld method, Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the low contents of barium was favorable the formation of C₃S with up to 1.5% BaO. Higher amounts of BaO inhibited the C₃S crystallization and lead to preferential formation of dicalcium silicate solid solution. Three triclinic forms T1, T2 and T3 of C₃S were stabilized. The lattice parameters changed linearly to the barium content, however the discontinuity appeared at the phase transformation boundary, which follows the Vegards law. The crystallographic structure of T1 and T2 was similar to that of T3. The SiO₄^4- tetrahedra were distorted in T1 and T2, while that was approximately regular tetrahedron in T3. The phase transitions of C₃S were influenced by the incorporation of barium. It was believed that the stabilization of high temperature polymorphs of C₃S was related to the lattice distortion caused by ionic substitution.