Papers by Keyword: Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS)

Abstract: Organic soil presents significant challenges for construction due to its unsuitability as a soil type, often necessitating stabilization using conventional agents like cement. The Silica Fume (SF)-Red Mud (RM) binder mix emerges as a promising alternative stabilizer due to its low carbon footprint coupled with its superior strength-enhancing properties. In this study,we explore the feasibility of employing SF-RM based geopolymer to stabilize organic soil. To activate the collected samples, a solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with molarity (M) of 6, 9, and 12 were utilized, as well as binder (SF + RM) proportions of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% relative to dried organic soil and alkali-to-binder (A/B) proportions of 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9, respectively. The experimental results reveal that a variety of factors, including NaOH molarity, A/B proportions, pH, and curing duration, have an effect on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of treated organic soil. The best combination was obtained with a binder concentration of 30%, a NaOH molarity of 9M, and an A/B proportion of 0.7. After 28 days of curing, the UCS of the treated organic soil (1714 kPa) was found to be 168 times that of the untreated organic soil (10.2kPa). Further, the production of compounds such as aluminium silicate, sodium aluminosilicate, and potassium aluminosilicate, which have been found by X-ray diffraction (XRD) research, can be ascribed to the increase in strength. Furthermore, when subjected to analysis through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), it becomes evident that these items play a pivotal role in filling the voids within the soil-binder composite. As a consequence, they facilitate the creation of a more smoother, compact and denser structure.

Abstract: The conventional embankment has disadvantages in terms of its weight; it has an implication for the level of deformation that will occur on the subgrade layer. This study was conducted dealing with the design of geocomposite material compositions based on their mechanic characteristics. The lightweight geocomposit material (LWGM) was constructed by composing soil with expanded polystyrene (EPS) with by-product of buton asphalt as the binder agent (WBA). Unconfined Compression Test (UCT) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) were examined to figure out the mechanical behavior of LWGM. The percentages of WBA used on specimens were 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%, while those of EPS were 0.15% and 0.30%, based on weight of soils dry density. Furthermore, to understand the curing period effect, all the specimens were cured and tested within 7 days and 28 days. The results showed that the LWGM could reduce the embankment densities from 20% to 35%, compared to conventional embankment. The compressive strength and CBR values presented the same tendency, so that, based on correlation of UCS and CBR value, the LWGM compositions that are appropriate for road foundation criteria as subbase courses are 3.2% to 7% for the WBA and 0,15% - 0,30% for the EPS.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to assess the solid to liquid ratios on the compressive strength and water absorption of Kedah’s soil by using geopolymerization method. Fly ash and soft soil were mixed with alkaline activators namely sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) for preparing stabilize the soil sample. The geopolymerization process for soil stabilization was synthesized by the activation of fly ash and soil with alkaline solution at four different solid to liquid ratios which were 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 at a specific constant ratio of Na₂SiO₃/NaOH solution of 0.5. The compressive strength up to 4.77 MPa was obtained at 3.0 of solid to liquid ratio and the water absorption has become increasingly lower to 2.28% as the ratio of solid to liquid increases in 7 days curing at room temperature.

Abstract: This paper studies the effectiveness of soil stabilizer on the problematic soil or soft soil. It is subjected to instability and massive primary and long term consolidation settlements when subjected to even moderate load increases. The purpose of this study is to review the techniques and materials that have been used in the soil stabilization by previous researchers. The performance of the soil stabilizer for stabilization by means of strength has been highlighted in this study. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test was carried out on stabilized soil samples and the results that obtained were discussed. The use of these techniques and materials may provide an inexpensive and advantageous construction process. As a conclusion, the strength of soil can be increased by using these materials and techniques in soil stabilization. This paper gives a comprehensive report on stabilization techniques and materials that have been used for soft soil and also discuss the potential of geopolymerization technology to be one of the new soil stabilization techniques.

Abstract: To study the influence of polypropylene fiber on the strength of sandy soil stabilization with cement in flooded area of Yellow River, a series of experiments 7-day unconfined compressive strength have been done when samples reach 7-day standard curing. Based on the data, it is found that fiber content has an important influence than its length on unconfined compressive strength. As for failure modes, there are significant differences between the samples of adding fibers and those adding nothing. After adding 10 % cement, 1 fiber with 12 mm single length, the unconfined compressive strength of sandy soil stabilization with cement can be greatly improved with increase rate of 83%. It is concluded that the sandy soil can be successfully stabilized by the combined action of fibers and cement.

Abstract: Based on the generalization and analysis of laboratory experimental results on mix ratio, the effects of various factors such as cement content, water-cement ratio, curing time, curing conditions and types of cement on the mechanical properties of unconfined compressive strength of cement soil are presented. Results show that the unconfined compressive strength of cement soil increases with the growing curing time, and it is greatly affected by the cement content, water-cement ratio, cement types and curing time, while the effect of curing conditions is weak with a cement content of more than 10%. Moreover, the stress-strain of the cement soil responds with the cement content and curing time, increasing curing time and cement content makes the cement soil to be harder and brittle, and leads to a larger Young's modulus.

Abstract: Oil contaminated soils (PCS) was treated with up to 6% rice husk ash (RHA) by dry weight of soil. Specimens of treated soil compacted at the energy of the standard Proctor (relative compaction = 100%) were subjected to compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. The results of laboratory tests show that properties of the treated soil improved with RHA treatment. Peak unconfined compressive strength value of 410kN/m2 was obtained at 2% oil/ Applying the conventional evaluation criteria reveals that soil-oil RHA mixture containing 2% oil/4% RHA, 4% oil/4% RHA and 6% oil/4% RHA yields optimum CBR values of 4.6, 4.4 and 3.5% which does not satisfy the minimum required CBR of 15% for use as a subgrade material in road foundation.

Abstract: Lateritic soil treated with up to 20% glass cullet content was subjected to grain-size distribution, consistency tests, specific gravity tests, compaction using standard proctor, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), unconfined compression test, direct shear test and permeability tests. The study showed increase in grain sizes resulting in coarser soil, changes in moisture-density relationship, resulting in lower Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and higher Maximum Dry Density (MDD), an increase in CBR, an increase in unconfined compressive strength (UCS); changes in cohesion-frictional angle relationship resulting in lower cohesion (c) and higher angle of internal friction (Φ) and an increase in co-efficient of permeability, k, with increased glass cullet treatment. These results show an improvement in geotechnical properties, making glass cullet-lateritic soil blend; a potentially good highway material and suggesting the suitability of the blend for embankments, structural and non-structural fill and retaining wall backfill.

Abstract: Ferrous-nickel slag is an industrial waste material which produced from smelting process of ferrous-nickel uses in manufacturing of stainless steel and ferrous alloy industry, in China Guangdong province itself, it was estimated around 6-7million of ferrous-nickel slag has been produces annually, the common method in order to reutilize ferrous-nickel slag material is by using on cement industry (replace cement material) and as land-filling material. One of the main objectives of this study is to investigate the feasibility of reutilization of ferrous-nickel slag combined with soil improvement method to portion replace conventional construction materials such as sand and granular material on sub-grade or sub-base layer of pavement construction. Strength and swelling properties of ferrous-nickel slag and soil (sand) mixture after treatment with soil improvement agent will be use as main consideration the performances of ferrous-slag nickel material on road construction, includes 4-days soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR), 7-day Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and also swelling behaviour of the mixture.

Abstract: This paper has studied the different dosage of cement mixed with different proportions of gravel. Through the compaction and unconfined compressive strength test and economic analysis, and finally determined that the gravel mixed with content is 30% and the cement dosage is 3%. The study also shows that by adding a certain amount of gravel instead of powder is feasible. The same cement doses adding macadam mixture, unconfined compressive strength is higher than stable powder. The study has solved the shortage of raw materials of construction, saving a lot of money, and has important engineering significance. Keywords: cement stable powder; crushed stone; unconfined compressive strength; cost analysis;