Papers by Keyword: Urban

Abstract: Municipal solid waste management continues to be an enormous challenge for developing countries such as Nigeria. With a rapidly increasing population and change in consumption choices in urban cities in Nigeria, the need to cater for and properly manage the increased volume and more diversified waste generated becomes an urgent issue for consideration. Storage and Collection of generated waste make up the crucial elements of waste management systems in any city. Sadly, though, just about a quarter of waste generated in Nigeria is collected. This paper compiles relevant information from recent studies made by researchers and authors on waste management systems in Nigeria to review the current state of the waste storage and waste collection systems in major cities in Nigeria using Lagos and Abuja as case studies. This study also summarizes the methods majorly used for the storage and collection of waste in Nigeria, making recommendations as and when necessary.

Abstract: The transportation policies focusing on minimizing the environmental impact aim at an improved quality of life and health of the population, the urban one in particular. Noise pollution is one of the biggest problems associated with the European urban environment at the present moment, mainly because of the ever-increasing road traffic. SUNET system (System for Urban Noise and Eco-Traffic) was designed to improve the management of the noise pollution in Cluj-Napoca and to provide up-to-date public data on a user-friendly interface. The implementation of the application over the entire municipality is highly advantageous as it creates a link between the town’s administration (the local authorities, the City Hall of Cluj-Napoca) and the user (the citizens) through this system which is dynamic, modern and compliant with the European regulations. The graphic interface uses the HTML (HyperText Markup Language) code, while the database is set up in an SQL (Structured Query Language) format and contains information about the characteristics of the system and users alike, all organized in specific tables. The need for an online urban noise pollution monitoring system, such as the SUNET one, appears to allow the provision of fairly realistic and up-to-date information and encourage the community to actively assist in the application of proper action plans and the decision-making process when it comes to the population’s exposure to high levels of noise pollution.

Abstract: In this study, a typical kitchen having a standard dimension of 213cm × 243cm × 305cm was modeled with single open door exit. Steady state simulations were performed using three dimensional commercial CFD solver with appropriate boundary conditions. Two heat sources were used for modelling the kitchen that resembles the double burner gas stoves of urban residential kitchen in developing countries. In the earlier works, for the same model the predictions validated at an optimum grid resolution and the results have been presented for thermal comfort, carbon dioxide gas emission under natural, forced and no ventilation cases. The effect of kitchen hood system on the thermal comfort and emission has also been analyzed. In this present work, three different positions of the kitchen hood suction have been studied for the effect on thermal distribution and emission rate. The investigated positions of the kitchen hood are the Front, Top and Bottom with respect to the gas stove. It was observed that both front and bottom hood extraction method significantly reduces the emissions to well below the safe limit. They also can maintain thermal comfort quite well inside the kitchen space.

Abstract: With the rapid economic development of our country in the 21th Century, the plant landscape design of city has changed. The scale of plant landscape design in city is improved into more large level gradually in its developing process. In this paper, we explore the green plant landscape ecological design methods and have the analysis of plant landscape situation and existing problems. Combines the city region characteristic property and culture, the arbor is backbone's biological community, abides by law of nature shown by this locality forest plants vegetation zone middle. From a macroscopic planning angle, we make clear and definite the notion of city plant landscape in the level of theoretical research, separate the plant landscape in city from in countryside or in the natural protection area, and reveal the characteristic of plant landscape in city which is a special ecological environment.

Abstract: City is a kind of synthetic system, which is composed of social, economic and environmental aspects, how to achieve a sustainable development is an important problem for most cities in the world. This paper made a literature review from the composite index method, urban metabolism method and system dynamics method to summary and analysis the urban sustainable development evaluation of existing method. The composite index method is the most concise approach and easy to understand, urban metabolism method can observe the operation of whole city subsystems dynamically, while system dynamics method truly simulates the relationship among city subsystems.

Abstract: Addressing urban housing crisis is an enormous challenge for most of the African countries due to the increasing cost of the building material. Zimbabwe is no exception having the same challenges with urban housing crisis. As a matter of fact the conventional construction material is not affordable considering the current economic hardship faced by the majority Zimbabweans. Therefore, an appropriate alternative construction material and technique is essential which can alleviate urban housing crisis in Zimbabwe. The success of the experimented stabilised earth construction projects of urban houses in Zimbabwe widens avenues considering this construction material as an appropriate alternative to the conventional ones and finding out the potential drivers that can help adoption of this technology. This paper aims to refine the drivers and establish its interrelationship with inhibitors with the help of in-depth interview method. First, a critical literature review method is used to come up with a generic list the inhibitors and drivers influencing the adoption of this technology. Second, the identified inhibitors and drivers refined through a series of in-depth interviews to establish drivers and inhibitors influencing the widespread adoption of stabilised earth to address urban low cost housing crisis in Zimbabwe. Third, the analysis of drivers and inhibitors interrelationship understand show the widespread adoption of stabilised earth construction can alleviate urban housing crisis in Zimbabwe.

Abstract: Since the influence of urban over Development Zone is complex, the article focused on the effect made by the investment of urban. Assuming the GDP of the Development Zone be dependent variable, while the development and location of Development Zone, and investment of urban be independent variable, which based on the ‘nested structure’ exist between urban and Development Zone, the paper was about to construct ahierarchical linear model for revealing the influence of urban over Development Zone. As the research reflects, investment of urban has the positive proportion with the development of Development Zone. In addition, the paper shows the investment which is made in the origin of the Development Zone was key to the speed and quality of its own development. This paper is of reference value to the rationalization of the scale of new urban area.

Abstract: This paper firstly briefly describes the basic situation of population, economy and transportation of Hohhot, and then analyzes the influence factors of Hohhot urban and rural residents and their characteristic attributes. Secondly, the topic brings the function model of the urban and rural public transit prediction, and uses the Logit model for specific data processing. and introduces its significance and the strategic planning. The author analysis this paper may help Hohhot development integration of urban and rural public transportation in the future.

Abstract: Catchments delineation is important for urban storm sewer design, traditional manual delineation depends on the experience and is time consuming. With consideration of features like roads and streams that affect catchments dynamics, a GIS-based delineation approach is presented. Using sink filling, reconditioning and hydro analysis method, the catchments can be delineated automatically and precisely based on digital elevation models (DEM).

Abstract: Based on the literature and logic analysis, this article aims to analyze the dynamic system for the integrative development of urban and rural sports public service from the perspective of system dynamics. On the basis of the analysis, the connotation and the formation of dynamics for the integrative development of the urban and rural sports public service is summarized. Accordingly, the dynamic effect mechanism is also explored.