Papers by Keyword: Vascular

Abstract: During the last few years, synthetic self-healing materials have become a new class of emerging smart materials with the ability to repair damage and restore lost or degraded properties or performance using resources inherently available to the system. Success in the design of self-healing materials is important to material safety, product reliability and prolonged lifetime. This article covers fundamental material-independent principles and different self-healing approaches for polymeric materials. Among these approaches, some depend on specific external stimulus to achieve their goal while others regain the physical properties of the pristine material without such external intervention. Both the mechanisms and performance of different methods are discussed and evaluated, along with their advantages and disadvantages. In the end, both the potential application areas and the main challenges are also discussed in this article for a better understanding of future development trend of self-healing polymeric materials.

Abstract: With increasing evidence that vascular risk factors play a role in the development of glaucoma, it is critical to be familiar with factors related to intraocular blood flow. It is important to obtain that the modal of the optical never head including the retinal blood vessel. The images optical never head of a cat using the optical coherence tomography images were obtained. Then, the three modal of the optical never head and the retinal blood vessel were reconstructed using the technology of image process, respectively. The three-dimensional modal of optical nerve head including retinal blood vessel could get using Boolean Operation.

Abstract: Atherosclerosis, which is caused by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the build-up of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, and cellular debris within the intima of the vessel wall, is one of the most important complications of health. Vascular stenting is the procedure of implanting a thin tube into the site of a narrow or blocked artery due to atherosclerosis. However, the application of vascular stents using conventional metals is limited because the implantation process will cause significant injury to the vascular wall and endothelium, which functions as a protective biocompatible barrier between the tissue and the circulating blood, resulting in neointima hyperplasia followed by the development of long-term restenosis. The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the endothelial cell function, especially their adhesion behaviour, on highly controllable features on nanostructured surface. Considering the importance of the endothelium and its properties, highly controllable nanostructured surface features of titanium, a popular vascular stent metal, were created using E-beam evaporation to promote endothelialization and to control the direction of endothelial cells on vascular stents. Endothelial cells are naturally aligned with the blood flow in the body. In this manner, the present in vitro study provides much promise for the use of nanotechnology for improving metallic materials for vascular stent applications.

Abstract: Here we draw attention to the development of smart materials with embedded vasculatures that provide multiple functionality: volumetric cooling, self-healing, mechanical strength, etc. Vascularization is achieved by using tree-shaped (dendritic) and grid-shaped flow architectures. As length scales become smaller, dendritic vascularization provides dramatically superior volumetric bathing and transport properties than the use of bundles of parallel microchannels. Embedded grids of channels provide substantially better volumetric bathing when the channels have multiple diameters that are selected optimally and put in the right places. Two novel dendritic architectures are proposed: trees matched canopy to canopy, and trees that alternate with upside down trees. Both have optimized length scales and layouts. Flow architectures are derived from principle, in accordance with constructal theory, not by mimicking nature.