Papers by Keyword: Waste Paper

Abstract: Accumulation of untreated and unrecycled paper has a negative impact on the environment. Like liquid waste handling, paper waste handling is also still being developed. It is known that activated carbon (AC) is one of the promising adsorbents that can be used to solve the environmental issue. Activated carbon can be made from organic waste, such as waste paper. The objective of this study is to investigate the operation condition of the pyrolysis process to obtain the activated carbon. The furnace temperature was set at 400°C for 1 hour under N₂ stream with a flow rate of 0.5 L/min. To provide a synergistic effect in the adsorption process, ZnO was derived from ZnCl₂ as a chemical activator for making active carbon. While Zn (CH₃COO)₂.2H₂O with different concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 M was grown into the pores of activated carbon. The photocatalytic activity of AC/ZnO was identified in the degradation process of methylene blue as a model of organic pollutants. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to characterize the product. The morphology of ZnO was observed in the form of a flower-like and occupying the surface of activated carbon. The photocatalytic activity showed that the methylene blue was completely degraded.

Abstract: The Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP) method has the potential to be applied for the synthesis of dye adsorbents. In this work, the activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from the paper waste by the MAP method. The deinking paper waste was carbonized and activated using microwave heating with a frequency of 2.45 GHz and various power outputs (450, 600, and 800 W). The activation was carried out using ZnCl₂ solution as an activating reagent. The impregnation with ZnCl₂ is expected to give a clearer porous structure by absorbing microwave heat from inside and outside at the same time. The heating rate during the activation process can reach 211°C/min, which shows that the MAP method has the potential to provide a faster heating rate and shorter processing time compared to the furnace pyrolysis. The effect of the synthesis parameter such as impregnation ratio, time, and radiation power was studied from the adsorption efficiency on methylene blue (MB) dye. The activated carbon was characterized using the proximate test, SEM, and XRD. Best Result of the MAP method was obtained with a ratio of 1:1 (ZnCl₂: Carbon) within 5 minutes of radiating, power of 800 W, with the results that AC can adsorb MB solution up to 2100 ppm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 1036.3 mg/g, and the efficiency of 99.87%.

Abstract: The recycling of paper and paperboard waste for obtaining powder cellulose has a positive impact on environmental and economic benefits due to its possibility to be applied in various fields of industry, including the fabrication of wood-polymer composite^1,2. The extraction of cellulose from cellulose-containing wastes can be carried out by their mechanical disintegration with acid or alkali hydrolysis. In comparison with the known method³ the proposed method can be realized under more gentle conditions. For this aim, recycled de-inked waste paper was cut into small pieces (d < 5 mm) which were soaked in 0,05% hydrochloric solution at hydromodulus 1/20 (paper/water) for 2 hours at the intensive mechanical stirring for paper pieces disintegration. After soaking, the excessive water was pressed, and the disintegrated paper mass was dried, at first, at 60 °C for 16 hours and then at 120 °C for 2 hours. After drying, the paper mass was milled in a planetary mill for 15 minutes at a moderate rotation speed. The obtained cellulose particles were characterized by physicochemical properties. It was found, that obtained recycled paper particles (RPAP) had a similar contact angles with water compared to reference cellulose powder. However, polarity of RPAP was 20,5%, but of reference cellulose – 43,5%. RPAP could be characterized as more amorphous than cellulose because its crystallinity index was 61%, but reference cellulose powder – 81%. Using laser granulometry, it was found, that 99% of particles were less than 200 μm, and 90% of particles were less than 140 μm.

Abstract: This article presents the results of an experimental study of the effect of morphometric parameters of secondary cellulose fiber from various brands of waste paper on the strength characteristics of cement stone. The article is based on the results of determining the morphometric parameters of cellulose fibers. Visual analysis of microphotographs of cellulosic fibers showed that the smallest fractions of fibers were obtained from newspaper waste paper of grade MS-8V. A causal relationship has been established between the fiber content and the strength of an incident stone. It was found that samples with a content of cellulose fibers of 0.5-0.75% of the mass of cement have high strength. The most durable were samples with the addition of cellulosic fibers based on newspaper recycled paper MS-8V.

Abstract: During recycling of waste paper from private households different fractions containing plastics and polluted paper fibers are received. Those polluted fibers cannot be recycled in the common paper manufacturing process or for energy recovery like in waste incinerating plants due t o economic reasons. Current research at the Institute of Polymer Materials and Plastics Engineering at Clausthal University of Technology evaluated the use of this waste paper recyclate as a substitution for natural fibers as fillers and reinforcements in polypropylene. Special attention was given to the mechanical properties of the composites. Additionally the influence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as an adhesive was investigated.

Abstract: Noise is one of the problems that often occur in urban areas due to the traffic condition. Noise in a building design depends on the choice of materials as sound absorbers. The type of sound dampening material that already exists is a porous material, a resonator, and a panel. The material often used as an absorber is porous materials, because it is relatively cheaper and lighter, especially to reduce the noise in the narrow spaces such as housing and offices. Various substitutes are made from cheap materials, such as the use of recycled materials of egg tray paper with the size of 40 x 40 centimeters. This is a quantitative research that will measure the place of egg tray paper in reducing noise, using a Sound Level Meter. The use of the egg tray paper is able to show an adequate acoustic quality as noise absorbers, with the average value of NR 22-26 dB.

Abstract: Cleaner production is one of sustainable development approaches for wastepaper papermaking industry. Current situation of a wastepaper papermaking enterprise was analyzed, and it showed that the unit product energy consumption, pollutant generation had large cleaner production potential. 16 cleaner production solutions were generated through material balance analysis, advanced technologies collection, experts consultation and other ways. After the plans were carried out, 7.83% of pollutants were cut down, 7.62% of energy was saved, 1.57% of waste paper was reduced, 1.68% of dry fiber raw material was decreased, and 8.80% of reused industrial water increased equally. Cleaner production was an effective way for wastepaper papermaking industry to save energy, reduce energy consumption, reduce pollution, and increase benefit.

Abstract: As demand for clean and healthy environment, people make many alternate solutions to save the environment. To save trees and overcome landfill of waste material and waste disposal by burning activities issues (cause to losing energy and increase pollution), people nowadays take recycling as a recovery. Recycling waste paper into new product increased over the years. Shortage of wood supply required new sources of natural fiber for papermaking industry. Many researchers have studied new sources of natural fibers from non wood materials, such as oil palm residues, kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus), pineapple leaf, banana, and coconut fiber. Kenaf is choose as reinforcement agent for recycled waste paper to maximize the use of kenaf in industry application due its wide range of advantages where pineapple leaf are choose as reinforcement agent because abundantly of these material in Malaysia. Reinforcement of natural fiber into waste paper during recycling process expected to increased strength properties of final product. To understand the right and suitable processing method for kenaf fiber and pineapple leaf leaves previous work from other researchers are studied to investigate pulping procedure of natural fiber and its effect on mechanical strength.

Abstract: Experimental studies on biogas yield of Ulva pertusa were carried out at different fermentation conditions. At 25°C, 35°C and 45°C, the biogas yield from fermentation of Ulva pertusa were 223.2mL/gVS, 256.2mL/gVS and 300.0mL/gVS,respectively, while the methane content in the biogas produced at 35°C was the highest. In addition, biogas yield reached to 482.5mL/gVS and 499.6mL/gVS by adding waste paper of 3.5g and 7.0g to the fermentation liquor, the corresponding methane content in the biogas were 56.0% and 51.2%, respectively. Comparatively, higher biogas yield, methane content and system stability could obtain from Ulva pertusa by adding 3.5g ~ 7.0g of waste paper and fermentation at 35°C.The fermentation process of Ulva pertusa for biogas production generally lasted for 19~25 days.

Abstract: The manufacturing process of particle composite for furniture, made of waste paper and wood particle, was studied and discussed in this paper, and an ornament cabinet and a Chinese style teapoy were assembled in the laboratory with the composite. The results showed the mechanical properties of composite made of waste paper, was low. Wood particle was blended with waste paper and made into composite, and the mechanical properties of the composite could meet the demand of particle board for furniture and ornament under the Chinese national standard. The application of waste paper-based composite was feasible technically.