Papers by Keyword: Waste Recovery

Abstract: The majority of passengers on sea cruises do not even think that they endanger the environment and human health more with a cruise of at least one week than if they had chosen another way of travel. The large amount of fuel burned during the journey pollutes the atmosphere and thus endangers health, and all kinds of (dangerous) waste and sewage generated daily on ships cannot remain on board. A ship carrying an approx. 3,000 passengers produces an average of nearly 80 m3 of wastewater per day! Newer ships are often capable of carrying 8,000 passengers, so their daily waste water production is obviously larger than this. It is enough to see these huge floating cities with 10-12 floors (Fig. 1.)

Abstract: This work provides a method to recover monolayer metal values having nanoparticle in size from spent metalized graphite brushes. The recovered metals are supported on porous glassy carbon substrate by chemical or electro deposition process. The chemical method involves crushing and grinding of the spent brushes to pass 200 mesh. Magnetic separation removed magnetic susceptible metals such as iron. Nonferrous metals were leached using 3N nitric acid in hot conditions. Hydroxide gel of the dissolved metals generated with 1N ammonium hydroxide. The carbon substrate was multi-impregnated with metals hydroxide 3-4 times. In each time, the loaded carbon was dried. Free metals on the carbon substrate are obtained by reducing the hydroxide with hydrazine hydrate or by thermal reduction using hydrogen gas at 900°C. In the electro deposition process, ground spent brushes were packed in a polyethylene cloth used as anode. The electrolyte is 3M of sulfate salt of the metal of concern. Pulse current cyclic voltmetric technique was applied to control the particle diameter and thickness of the deposited metal. Results revealed that monolayer silver and copper of nanoparticles has been successfully prepared from spent metalized graphite brushes. Electro deposition is more friendly environment procedure and more convenient, less cost and more precise.

Abstract: The use of bamboo in the production of particleboard has been gaining ground as well as other agroindustrial waste, both present a promising alternative for the development of more sustainable materials. This research aims to evaluate the physical properties of particleboard, composed of bamboo particles species Dendrocalamus giganteus and coffee husks particles in the core layer, joined by a castor oil based polyurethane resin. Physical characterization was performed based on the Brazilian Standard [1]. The physical properties of density, moisture content, water absorption during 24 hours and thickness swelling during 24 hours were evaluated. The results were compared with the Brazilian standard [1] and it was concluded that from the evaluated properties, this panel can be used commercially.

Abstract: Alternative raw materials have been studied for the total or partial replacement of wood in wood panels, in order to decrease the use of wood and to recovery waste. The present study tested the influence on the physico-mechanical properties of the panels produced with particles of Eucalyptus saligna and macadamia nutshell. For this were produced panels in proportions of 0%, 30%, 60% and 100% with respect to the macadamia nutshells. With the obtained results it was noticed that the increasing of the nutshell proportion led to a decrease in the dimensional stability, internal bonding and bending strength. These results were primarily due to the geometry of the particles of macadamia nutshell, besides being thicker, not allowing a good interaction between them and the adhesive, they were shorter, reducing the bending strength.

Abstract: This article reports the results of a preliminary research work related to the rheological study of aqueous suspensions prepared from an industrial solid waste (ceramic shell) from the process of lost-wax casting. The results showed that the residue analyzed has a strong refractory character since it contains mostly mullite, zirconium silicate and quartz. The ceramic suspensions obtained, containing 70% (~ 23% vol.) residue, 5-7% of kaolin and 1.0-1.5% dispersant, showed a rheological behavior suitable for impregnation of polymeric foams for the production of filters for metal casting by the replication method.

Abstract: Platanus × acerifolia (Ait.) Willd has high tolerance to environment stress, and a long history of utilization and plantation in China. It is important to recover and utilize the polluting waste leaves from Platanus × acerifolia (Ait.) Willd in order to separate top value-added bioactive components, hence the chemical components of benzene/ethanol extractive of waste leaves from Platanus × acerifolia (Ait.) Willd by means of GC/MS. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization, and 19 compounds representing 92.35 % of the extractives were identified. The most abundant constituents were as: The analytical result showed that the main components of benzene-methanol extractive of freeze-dried waste leaves from Platanus × acerifolia (Ait.) Willd by GC/MS analysis were 1,3-Dioxane (24.95%), Ethylbenzene (19.03%), p-Xylene (16.02%), Benzene, 1,2-dimethyl- (6.64%), Indane (4.00%), Heptanal (3.89%), 1-Methyl-2-(4-nitrophenyl)benzimid (3.39%), (11H)Pyrido[3',2':4,5]imidazo[2,1- (3.25%), 10-Methylnonadecane (3.00%), Benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl- (2.91%), Benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl- (2.65%), Benzene, 1-ethyl-2-methyl- (2.46%), 2,5-Cyclohexadien-1-one, 2,5-dimethyl- (1.74%), Docosane, 7-butyl- (1.52%), 1-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraqui (1.47%), Acetaldehyde - (0.89%), etc. Our result by GC/MS firstly showed that the benzene-methanol extractives of freeze-dried waste leaves from Platanus × acerifolia (Ait.) Willd can be used as top value-added materials of medicines, cosmetics and industrial solvents.

Abstract: Rosewood tree has high adaptability to environment and tolerance to water stress, and a long history of utilization and plantation in many countries. However, researches on Rosewood were mostly focused on the biomass analyses and utilizations of its wood, and lacked those to analyze the chemical components of extractives of Rosewood leaves, which was very important to recover and utilize the polluting waste Rosewood leaves. Therefore, the chemical components of benzene/ethanol extractives of Rosewood leaves were analyzed by method of GC/MS in order to identify top value-added bioactive components from waste leaves of Rosewood tree. The analytical result showed that the main components of benzene/ethanol extractives of freeze-dried Rosewood leaves by GC/MS analysis were identified 16 constituent (16 peaks) as: Ethanol, 2-butoxy- (40.36%), 2-O-Methyl-D-mannopyranosa (18.22 %), Hydrazine, 1,1-dipropyl- (6.09%), 1-Docosanol (5.59%), 1-Eicosanol (5.28%), Oxirane, hexadecyl- (3.63%), trans-2,4,5-Trimethoxy-.beta.-methyl- (3.50%), Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 2,6,6-trimethyl- (2.53%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl- (2.43%), Tetratetracontane (2.31%), Hexadecane, 1-(ethenyloxy)- (2.27%), Cholan-24-oic acid, 7,12-bis(acetyloxy)-3-ethoxy-, methyl ester, (3.alpha.,5.beta.)- (2.10%), Hexatriacontane (2.02%), Phytol (1.76%), Octadecane, 1-chloro (1.08%), etc. As the first report here, our result by GC/MS showed that the benzene-methanol extractive of freeze-dried Rosewood leaves can be developed into top value-added materials of medicines, biofuel, and industrial solvents.

Abstract: Chinese Hackberry (Celtis sinensis) tree has high adaptability to environment and tolerance to water stress, and a long history of utilization and plantation in many countries. However, researches on Chinese Hackberry were mostly focused on the biomass analyses and utilizations of its wood, and lacked those to analyze the chemical components of extractives of Chinese Hackberry leaves, which was very important to recover and utilize the polluting waste Chinese Hackberry leaves. Therefore, the chemical components of benzene/ethanol extractives of Chinese Hackberry leaves were analyzed by method of GC/MS in order to identify top value-added bioactive components from waste leaves of Chinese Hackberry tree. The analytical result showed that the main components of benzene/ethanol extractives of freeze-dried Chinese Hackberry leaves by GC/MS analysis were identified 10 components (106 peaks) as: Sesquirosefuran (48.57%), Thiophene, 2-ethyltetrahydro- (20.01 %), Hexatriacontane (8.67%), Octadecane (8.60%), 1-Eicosanol Pregn-4-en-3-one, 20-hydroxy-, (20R)- (4.52%), 1-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone (3.63%), 1,3-Diphenyl-(4H)1,2,4-triazoline- (1.92%), Tricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecane-1-carboxylic acid (1.69%), Eucalyptol (1.60%), etc. As the first report here, our result by GC/MS showed that the benzene-methanol extractive of freeze-dried Chinese Hackberry leaves can be developed into top value-added materials of spicery, biomedicines, and biofuel.

Abstract: In order to separate top value-added bioactive components from waste leaves of Phoenix tree and hence decrease its pollution to water environment, we attempted to analyze the chemical components of benzene/ethanol extractive of Phoenix leaves by means of GC/MS. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization, and 10 compounds representing 94.37 % of the extractives were identified. The most abundant constituents were as: Ethanol, 2-butoxy- (47.49% from two peaks), exanoic acid, ethyl ester (22.89%), 1-Butyne, 3-chloro- (17.04%), Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 2,6,6-trimethyl- (3.17%), cis-2,3,5-Trimethoxy-.beta.-methyl- (2.91%), Cyclohexanone, 3-hydroxy- (2.20%), 2,5-Cyclohexadien-1-one, 2,5-dimethyl- (1.35% from two peaks), cis-11-Hexadecen-1-yl acetate (1.04%), Octadecane (1.00%), etc. As the first report here, our result by GC/MS showed that the benzene-methanol extractive of freeze-dried Phoenix leaves can be developed into top value-added materials of medicines, biofuel and solvents.