Papers by Keyword: Waste Water Treatment

Abstract: The research paper is devoted to the study of the efficiency of biological methods of wastewater treatment, which are among the main pollutants of surface water bodies. The article also focuses on phytoremediation technologies using microalgae, which differ from existing technologies by their high efficiency and relatively low cost, combined with the production of biodiesel from microalgae biomass. The phytoremediation technology of purification from biogenic elements provides increasing environmental safety of food industry enterprises. An example of calculation is given, demonstrating the environmental effect of the developed cleaning technology. Further research and the use of this technology to produce treated water that meets standards is designed to preserve the environment in order to reduce the burden on natural resources and meet sustainable development goals.

Abstract: In today's contemporary world, concrete is a top choice, but curing issues persist due to water scarcity. Civil engineering offers alternatives like polyethylene and self-curing concrete, but they are costly. Over the past two decades, wastewater recycling for purposes like concrete curing has gained attention after treatment. The aim of this literature review is to thoroughly assess the viability of using treated wastewater, particularly sewage water, for the curing process. It focuses on articles from reputable journals published over the last decade. The review begins by examining concrete curing and its techniques and insufficiency cause. Subsequently, it delves into the philosophy of wastewater treatment need, source and the treatment process itself. Consequently, waste water treatment is suggested as an affordable and eco-friendly solution for concrete curing. Lastly, the feasibility of adopting treated waste water in developing nations is scrutinized, with an emphasis on its real-world applicability following comprehensive analysis of its overall performance. Membrane filtration technique is preferred for treatment of waste water due to its reasonable results.

Abstract: Due to the high annual production of rice, rice straw has become a numerous agricultural waste product. We propose in this paper to produce oil sorbent for oil-water separation from waste rice straw fibers. Rice straw cellulose were extracted using 5 wt.% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 90 °C for 2 hours. After washing with water, rice straw fibers were tested with litmus paper until pH was neutral. A 20-minute boil was applied to sticky rice flour and water. A strainer was placed on the boiling sticky rice flour. Rice straw fibers were delicately spun, placed in the sieve, and dried at 60 °C for 24 hours. The identification of rice straw cellulose was accomplished through the utilization of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In order to evaluate the oil absorption capacity, it is necessary to introduce rice straw into a designated container. Adsorption was measured at time intervals of 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Cease the act of quantifying temporal intervals beyond the predetermined duration. Extract the specimen from its receptacle and proceed to measure its weight. To maximize the %adsorption, the oil sorbent weight, adsorption time, and contact area were considered. The maximum adsorption capacity of 175.67% was obtained by optimizing the following parameters: oil sorbent weight of 30.10 g, adsorption time of 30 min, and contact area of 6.25 cm². The oil sorbent, which uses waste rice straw fibers as raw materials, may have a good application possibility in the remediation of oil spills, industrial waste water, and waste water from households.

Abstract: A rise in shipping activities, such as oil exploration, production, storage, and transportation, is a result of increasing demand and needs for oil among consumers worldwide. The risk of oil spills causing marine pollution has increased as a result of these activities. Adsorption is a cost-effective and straightforward method for removing contaminants from water. The use of residuals as adsorbents can improve the process's sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This study suggests using eggshells as an oil adsorbent. Eggshells were cleaned with water and dried in sunlight. Heated treatment in an oven at 70 °C for 1 hour followed by careful grinding. Overall, the specimen was filtered through a 60-200 mesh sieve (74-250 mm). X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to characterize the eggshell. The results revealed that eggshell is composed of calcium (Ca) at a 98.46 atomic percent concentration. The highest palm oil adsorption capacity of 38.01 mL was achieved by optimizing the following parameters: adsorption time of 26.15 min, agitation speed of 357.62 rpm, and weight of adsorbent, which was 19.98 g. The findings demonstrated that eggshell is an effective biosorbent for the removal of oil from water. It will offer a low-cost method of cleaning the oily and contaminated water environment, thereby protecting both human health and the lives of aquatic organisms.

Abstract: In this study, the use of boron nitride (BN) foam composites as adsorbents in wastewater treatment using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and polyester (PE) polymers has been investigated. BN powder has been functionalized by Hummer’s and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) methods to facilitate BN binding with the polymer. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) results show that hydroxyl (-OH) groups are effectively bounded to the BN structure. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation demonstrated the 3D interconnected porous structure of the obtained BN foams using different polymers. It is observed that BN and polymer interaction is better in foams formed with PVA and PVB compared to PE polymers. PVA and PVB structure shows a bridge property to link the layers so that a porous network structure is formed. It has been determined that the foam composite modified with Hummer’s method and using PVB as a polymer (h-BN-PVB-H) reaches an adsorption capacity of 8.843 mg/g in 44 hours and provides approximately 18% Crystal Violet (CV) dye removal. h-BN-PVB-H foam composite removes approximately 26% of Reactive Blue 49 (RB 49) dye with an adsorption capacity of 12.313 mg/g in the first 10 minutes. The 3D BN/Polymer foams showed reasonable absorption capacities for olive oil, cyclohexane and toluene from 200-980 wt% relative to the foam’s dry weight. It shows that the produced composite foams can absorb approximately 2-10 times their own weight.

Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of operating conditions on the performance of two methods used for dairy wastewater treatment. First, a treatment that combined both physic-chemical and conventional activated sludge. Second, the conventional activated sludge alone. On one side, the study included the comparison of parameters of each system, and on the other side, it studied the economic impact on the dairy industry the subject of the study. The waste water treatment plant was modified in order to study the differences between the two options and to come up with the different possibilities. The comparison takes into consideration different parameters: temperature, pH, SS, COD. The dairy waste water was used with characterisation of COD: 4000mg/l, Suspended sludge: 425 mg/l, temperature: 27 °C, pH: 7.5. In this study we will see the different conditions to use one or another process. The studies come for many reasons, the most of them was the maintenance of the physic-chemical station. In order to let the system running the industrial decided to try the feeding the biological tank directly and see if it’s going to work. This is what will present this article in two parts; the first one showing the parameters and results of using the both process and the second one will show the parameters and results of using just the biological treatment.

Abstract: Microfluidic technology has been increasingly applied in field of photo catalytic reactor because of the large surface to volume ratio, shorter diffusion distance of the reactant solution, higher mixing efficiency and lower cost. This article reviews the detail progress in fabrication of micro-reactor for degradation of dye in waste water. Importantly, dye degradation required uniform UV light exposure which could be resolved by carrying out degradation in a micro-reactor. This paper discussed several of potential and commercial photocatalytic micro-reactor fabrication and configurations, in particular, the polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) photocatalytic reactors.

Abstract: Wastewater originated from domestic or industry use need to be treated before discharge it to the environment. Particle size is one of the parameter that determine efficient operation of wastewater treatment plant. The present work conducts a comparative study of non-imaging and imaging based particle size analysis tools to analyze the limitations and advantages of using such equipment. The study utilizes particle size analyzer (PSA) as non-imaging tool and light microscope as imaging tool to determine particle sizes in various waste water samples. For this analysis domestic wastewater influent and effluent are analyzed with both techniques. In addition, palm oil mill effluent (POME) has also been analyzed after Fenton process to compare the particle size using these tools. PSA shows most of the particles in the influent and effluent are in the size range of 100 to 700 μm, while microscopy shows additional information of aggregates structure in POME sample showing promising possibility of identifying complex structure of aggregates present in the sample.

Abstract: Tar water acquired in the process of biomass gasification has been pre-treated in the process of the standard coagulation. The influence of the dose of chosen coagulants and pH of the running process on the effectiveness of waste water treatment has been specified. The most purified samples underwent a secondary treatment in the process of advanced oxidation with the Fenton's reagent, in order to evaluate its abilities and desirability of this method in the process of a coagulation. The analysis of the process' conditions influence on its effectiveness has been conducted. What is more, the evaluation of the validity of combining the coagulation process with the advanced oxidation in the treatment of tar water coming from the biomass gasification has been made.

Abstract: Organic contaminated wastes water from petrochemical industries can be removed by adsorbent and photocatalyst. In this work, the degradation rate of phenol have been studied at different ratios of activated carbon/NaA zeolite composite materials coated with TiO₂ photocatalyst which are easily to be fabricated into tubular shape by extrusion method. In addition, the foam-inserted composite can be floated on the surface of waste water for the higher phocatalyst activity. While the composite is the low cost adsorbent with high absorption and high ion exchange properties. In order to optimize the efficiency of material, the various ratios of activated carbon/NaA zeolite (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3) and amount of coated TiO₂ on the specimen’s surface was studied by UV/Vis spectrophotometer which related to phenol concentration. Moreover the various amount of phenolic resins (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%) at different reduction firing temperatures (600 and 650 °C) with soaking time of 1, 2 and 3 hours affected to the compressive strength of samples. For the characterization, XRD is used to characterize the phase and SEM is used to provide the morphology of the prepared composite materials.