Papers by Keyword: Water Pollution

Abstract: Water pollution poses a significant challenge to water consumption, particularly in relation to drinking purposes. Various factors such as industrial discharge, improper waste management, waste build-up, and natural activities contribute to the contamination of water bodies. Adequate water treatment plays a crucial role in the preservation of water quality and compliance with environmental regulations. The treatment process typically involves the application of physical, chemical, and biological techniques, with a common reliance on chemical substances and intricate systems. Recent studies have increasingly explored the utilization of cost-efficient natural materials for water treatment, highlighting benefits like affordability, user-friendliness, health advantages, and widespread availability. This particular investigation aimed to assess the suitability of selected natural substances for the treatment of wastewater, focusing primarily on methods like adsorption, absorption, and filtration. A number of earth materials, notably three distinct types of clays prevalent in Sri Lanka, were singled out for examination. The findings unveiled that these clays predominantly consist of over 75% iron in their mineral composition, with certain samples displaying finer particles to enhance porosity and permeability. These raw materials exhibit potential for the fabrication of wastewater treatment systems intended for the elimination of suspended particles, dissolved solids, heavy metals, pathogens, oils, and toxic compounds. Their distinct chemical properties render them appropriate for catalytic reactions and advanced chemical processes

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to make an assessment of the quality of the environment in urban areas based on multi-criteria analysis methods. Three important aspects of the quality of the environment in urban areas are considered in this paper, and an integrated AHP-SAW method is used to assess the quality of the environment. An indicator associated with the quality of the urban environment is proposed. This indicator is used to make a hierarcy of the environmental quality of an urban area over two periods of time. For the case study a city from the south - west region of Romania is chosen.

Abstract: In the article are presented results of analysis and assessment of water management in the Chirchik-Akhangaran River Basins in the middle reaches of the Syrdarya River. Big quantities of water are discharged into Syrdarya river bed towards Kazakhstan because of hydro energetic use of Chirchik river drain along with municipal sewage and drainage water within the territory of the river basin. The article describes the schemes of discharged water formation and its distribution throughout the year. It also showed the digital maps with the location of hydroelectric power stations, as well as their energy potential.

Abstract: Malaysia is experiencing water pollution crisis recently. In particular, greywater discharge directly to drains. Therefore, a greywater treatment system was designed to overcome this drain pollution. To investigate the operation and performance of the treatment system, constructed wetland was designed and builds for a small single household. Lepironia Articulata was chosen for populating wetland. The wetland was supplied with kitchen greywater. The selected house is appropriate because it lacks proper drainage system. This study evaluates the characteristic of kitchen greywater before and after treatment. The quality parameters of greywater that involve in this study are Total Coliform and E-coli. The range for reduction efficiency for Total Suspended Solid was 16.02 to 60.56, E.coli was 26% to 51% and Total Coliform was 5% to 63%. Generally, this study showed improved kitchen greywater quality before discharging to the nearest water body. The findings can be used significantly to enhance the knowledge in constructed wetland where it can serve as effective and integrated solutions for managing greywater discharging using control at source approach. A constructed wetland was best chosen due to its good visual impact, removal efficiency of organic material and other pollutant, as well economical.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water quality in the lakes along Colentina River according to Romanian regulations referring to the norms on surface water quality classification, MO 161/2006. To achieve this goal, two sampling sections (entry and exit points) for each lake have been established, and the following indicators have been determined: pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, nitrites, nitrates and ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, orthophosphates, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, filterable residue, chlorides, sulphates, calcium, magnesium and sodium. Following this study, the variation of the concentrations of determined indicators in the two sampling sections for each lake has been assessed, as well as the classification into quality classes according to the before mentioned order.

Abstract: The second Songhua River has severe organic contamination due to domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. It is important to determine its genotoxic activity, which is a potential hazard for human health. The micronucleus assay and lymphocytes SCGE assay were employed to examine the genotoxic activity of organic extracts of water samples taken from upstream, midstream and downstream in Jilin City section of the second Songhua River in dry season and in wet season, respectively. Micronucleus assay results showed that there were significant increases in water samples at doses of 25L/kg and 50L/kg. The genotoxicity seemed to be less when compared with the results from dry season to wet season and to be strong from upstream to downstream. A similar result was also obtained in DNA damage on lymphocytes by SCGE assay. These results indicate that the organic extracts of water samples taken from the Songhua River show genotoxic activity. The risks of potential harm for human health in the Songhua River should be studied further.

Abstract: Based on the inter-governance theory, social network theory and analysis of organizational relationships, as well as water management basin analysis, the basin water governance constitute a large and complex governance network, and the network performance as demonstrated by the network is the effectiveness of water management basin. This paper focuses on the analysis of water basin management network in order to improve the performance of basin water resources management network for the purpose of optimizing the function from the organization, inter-organizational relationships optimization, network optimization optimize the attempt to reform the three angles.

Abstract: Rural waste, sewage large amounts of fertilizer pesticide as well as livestock pollution of water environment in rural areas. This article analyses the characteristics of rural water resource, pointing out the essence of rural water pollution ,which is a huge loss of excess fertilizer ,not to the rural water pollution, it is brought up the appropriate control technology .

Abstract: The application of molecular biology technique to expand the breadth and depth of the study of environmental microbiology, the researchers from the microscopic point of view more detailed deep understanding of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of microorganisms on the degradation of pollutants, and at the same time, the advanced molecular biology technology for environmental monitoring, environmental pollution treatment, bioremediation of the contaminated environment provides the basis and method for faster, more sensitive, more scientific, which greatly promoted the progress of pollution control practice. The basic theory of molecular biology technology and its application in wastewater through the detection of microorganisms are shown.

Abstract: The article introduces the ecological environment in China, analyses the situation of the atmosphere pollution and water pollution, and then introduces the cross-boundary governance theory, which can solve the environmental problem, at last analyses the countermeasures of ecological environment in China: reinforce the environmental protection functions of governments; draft the plan of national and regional environmental protection and cooperation; enhance the organization mechanism of national and regional environmental protection.