Papers by Keyword: Wear Mechanism

Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the tribological properties of detonation-sprayed (Ti,Cr)C-Ni coatings under dry and lubricating conditions. The (Ti,Cr)C-based coatings with 25 wt.%, and 33 wt.% of Ni binder were applied onto steel substrates by detonation spraying. Microreciprocating wear tests were performed under dry and lubricating conditions with water, diesel, biofuel, aviation fuel and oil as a lubricating environment. Post-test examination of wear tracks was performed using interference profilometry and SEM analysis. The (Ti,Cr)C-Ni detonation-sprayed coatings exhibit a dense microstructure, featuring well-bonded splats composed of fine (Ti,Cr)C particles and Ni-based binder. The lowest wear rates of the (Ti,Cr)C-25wt.%Ni and (Ti,Cr)C-33wt.%Ni coatings are observed in an oil environment. Instead, the wear rates of both coatings are highest in a water environment. The (Ti,Cr)C-25%wt.Ni detonation-sprayed coating is characterized by an increased wear rate in the water environment as compared with (Ti,Cr)C-33%wt.Ni due to more intensive brittle failure in the water environment.

Abstract: Twin Wire Arc spraying (TWAS) is a well-established method to deposit metallic coatings to protect mechanical components from wear and corrosion. In this work were used coatings that can be divided into two groups: FeCr-based ones and NiCr-based ones. The microstructure, and mechanical properties such as hardness, adhesion, abrasion and erosion resistance were evaluated on these coatings. The wear behavior of the coatings was investigated by Solid Particle Erosion resistance test and by Dry sand/Rubber wheel abrasion test. The aim of this work is to study the wear mechanism by SEM observation of worn tracks.

Abstract: Wear is a persistent industrial problem caused by the interaction of many interlocking and complex elements. CuZn37Pb2 and AA 6061 are particularly prone to wear due to their numerous industrial applications. To address this problem and contribute to the scientific literature, a comprehensive experimental investigation was conducted to understand and analyze the impact of these interconnected factors. This research developed a dry and lubricated horizontal lathe wear test apparatus. Various parameters, including contact temperature, wear loss, wear rate, and friction coefficient, were compared across different initial surface roughness levels, loads, sliding speeds, wear track diameters, and track widths. Experiments were performed at torques ranging from 25 to 100 N, speeds of 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 m/s, and wear track diameters of 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm. SEM-EDS, XRD, and optical microscopes were used to examine each sample's worn surfaces and wear tracks. The morphological structure of the sample and the type of test have distinct impacts on the tribological response of the surfaces, each of which interacts uniquely, with influence varying depending on the tribological parameters. Generally, secondary phases (AA 6061) can lead to improved wear resistance due to their harder and more wear-resistant nature compared to the primary aluminum matrix. Conversely, the alpha phase of CuZn37Pb2 is harder and stronger than the beta phase and thus has better wear resistance properties. The error in wear rate calculations is 58.6% in both tests. The findings indicate that the tribological response in ideal laboratory conditions differs from that in actual field environments. This research provided significant insights into understanding and analyzing wear by addressing the largest number of characteristics previously unexplored. Additionally, the findings revealed that while completely eliminating wear is challenging, it can be significantly reduced. Laboratory wear experiments can be extrapolated to field wear tests, offering prototypes for industrial challenges and linking academic research with industry issues.

Abstract: The wear failure is widely found in steel bars used for coal screener machines in the mining industries. The failed parts of such components require immediate replacement to lengthen the machine's service life. This work aimed to investigate the structure and properties of the worn bar of a screener machine after experiencing wear failure and analyze the wear mechanism. The work started by machining the sample from the original bar, then grinding and polishing. The microstructure of the worn samples was observed using SEM and XRD. The hardness distribution of the bar was measured from the periphery to the core. The results of this work would provide evidence of wear sources responsible for the wear failure.

Abstract: The present investigation considers an experimental study of wear analysis of Al-6061 HMMC with SiC_p & Graphite_p as a reinforcement & optimization of wear testing parameters based on the Taguchi technique coupled with Linear Regression analysis. A Linear Regression Equation obtained from regression analysis is used as a confirmation test, for the optimum testing parameters that are obtained to get the minimum wear rate and maximum Co-efficient of Friction of Al-6061 HMMC. The wear rate experiments are carried out by utilizing the combinations of tribological testing parameters based on the L9 Taguchi OA with four testing parameters of namely applied load, Speed, Track diameter and % of reinforcement. The three materials, Al-6061 HMMC are developed by reinforcing Al-6061 aluminium alloy with different (3, 5 & 7) % of weight fraction (SiC_p+Graphite_p), particulates of size (<30𝜇m) in an electric crucible melting furnace. It is observed that sliding velocity has a significant contribution in controlling the friction and wear behaviour of Al-6061 HMMC (SiC_p+Graphite_p). A confirmation test is carried out to verify the results obtained through the optimization technique. In addition to above tests, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, Elemental Characterization can be achieved by using of EDAX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope), Surface Roughness is performed on the specimens to study the uniform dispersion of particulate matter, along with hardness test.

Abstract: The hip is one in every of the various joint at intervals the body. The correct operating of this joint is essential. For the aim once the hip is injured whole, a substitution procedure of the entire joint ought to be done to reinstate its operating, that is known as absolute hip surgical process. It is finished with the assistance of inserts of various biomaterials, as an example, polymers, metals, and pottery. The primary issues with regard to the utilization of various biomaterials are the reaction of the body's instrument to wear trash. Throughout this audit, biomaterials that are developing is talked regarding aboard the wear and tear and tear conduct and instrument. To boot, the numerous properties of the biomaterials are talked regarding aboard the expected preferences and drawbacks of their utilization. Further, the blends of various biomaterials at intervals the articulating surfaces are cleft and so the problems regarding their utilization are assessed. This paper hopes to passes away an in depth review of the trauma fringe of bearing surfaces of hip prosthetic devices. Additionally, this paper can offer AN ordered blueprint of the materials nearby their favorable circumstances and detriments and besides the conceivable outcomes of use. Keywords: - Hip implant; Biomaterials; Wear mechanism; Bearing surfaces; Polymers

Abstract: In this paper, the wear resistance of the different parameter (the tool rotation speed and feed speed) modified layer of the hot rolled 7075 aluminum alloy by the friction stir processing (FSP) were studied. The wear mechanism was explored by analyzing the surface morphologies of the modified layer after wear. The results showed that the wear resistance of 7075 aluminum alloy modified by FSP was superior to that of the base metal at different temperatures. The comprehensive wear resistance was better when the tool rotation speed and the feed speed were 500 rpm and 60 mm/min under different temperatures. Furthermore, the FSP parameters had a significant influence on the wear resistance of the modified layer. When the FSP parameters were too high or too low, the wear resistance would be reduced and the adhesive wear would appear. In addition, the modified layers obtained by different parameters received poor wear resistance when the temperature at high values.

Abstract: The oil soluble modified montmorillonite (MMT)/indium (In) composite nanoscale powders were prepared into four disperse systems by adding 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% to the base oil respectively. The friction properties of the 45 steel samples were tested by MMU-10G friction and wear testing machine, and the surface composition of the samples was analyzed by SEM and EDX. The mechanism that affects the tribological properties is compared and analyzed. The results show that the wear weight loss of the sample added with MMT/In nano powder is smaller than that in the base oil, and the average friction factor of the sample with 3% additions is 43.14% ,lower than that of the base oil, and the total wear is negative weightlessness.EDX analysis showed that the surface of the friction specimen was composed of Mg, Al and In repair membranes. The main mechanism of anti friction and friction reduction is that the composite powder will form a repair film on the surface of the friction pair during the friction process, and the repair layer can reduce the friction, compensate for the wear and play the role of resisting wear and reducing the effect of friction. With the increase of adding amount, the repair layer is gradually improved and the tribological performance is enhanced. But if the amount of addition is too high, the micro cutting and furrow effect of a large number of hard particles on the matrix and the new film will be greater than the compensation effect of the repair film, making the antiwear and antifriction properties decrease.

Abstract: Hydrogels’ promising biocompatibility and biomimetic lubrication mechanism have led to widespread biomedical applications. To be eligible for load-bearing applications, such as cartilage reconstruction, they must be highly wear-resistant and induce ultra-low friction, once being implanted in vivo. In this study, Scanning Electron Microscopy was utilized on the worn surface of silica-nanoparticle reinforced Alginate-Polyacrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels (NCHs), as well as unmodified hydrogel as control samples, as a means of wear mechanism investigation, which is quite under-explored for these materials. Our results showed adhesion was the most prevalent wear mechanism in both NCHs and unmodified hydrogel matrix, while fatigue wear was observed in the form of surface pitting under highest load and highest test period conditions. Nevertheless, Si-NP was found to improve the wear-resistance of hydrogel matrix, as less severe surface deformation and pitting was inspected on the surface of NCHs.

Abstract: Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) are indispensable materials used extensively in the aerospace and automobile industries and are highly endorsed due to their good mechanical properties. In this paper, various compositions of the AMCs were fabricated, tested and analyzed using pin on disc tribometer test to understand the tribological behaviour and wear mechanism properties. The volume percentages of the Aluminium composite reinforced with boron carbide and graphite present in the form of Al-B₄C-Graphite are Al-B₄C (5%)-Graphite (5%), Al-B₄C (10%)-Graphite (5%), Al-B₄C (5%)-Graphite (15%), Al-B₄C (10%)-Graphite (15%), Al-B₄C (15%)-Graphite (15%). Loads were varied in steps of 10N, from 10N to 50N while the sliding velocity was correspondingly set as 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1m/s. SEM image analysis was conducted to understand surface tribology after wear tests. The composite Al-B₄C (15%)-Graphite (15%) exhibited best wear resistance which can be credited to the bearing capacity of boron carbide particles and adherent graphite layer.