Papers by Keyword: Weight

Abstract: During earthquakes, structures move laterally and since usually a proper gap distance between structures is not provided so the structures can collide with each other. Building codes which are commonly used, do not offer any provisions for designing the structures for additional forces due to pounding and so structures are susceptible to damage subjected to pounding during strong seismic events. Therefore, in the current study, effect of pounding on a structure is studied considering different parameters including number of stories, total weight, story stiffness and floor alignment with adjacent structure. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of each parameter in isolation and avoid the effect of speed difference of colliding structures, a similar gap in fundamental periods has been used. It was found that pounding significantly effects the upper stories as compared to lower stories. It was also found that if the floors are aligned, total weight of the adjacent structure is the most critical parameter which severely effects on a structure’s upper stories. It was also observed that if the floors are not aligned, a significant increase in story shear occurs.

Abstract: In the challenging environment of the Negeri Roadstone Malaysia quarry, maintaining accuracy in the weight measurement of raw materials and finished products is paramount. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of an integrated weighing system comprising load cells and ultrasonic sensors, used strategically at the quarry site. By leveraging the precision of strain gauge technology inherent in load cells and the distance-measuring capabilities of ultrasonic sensors, the system aims to offer accurate weight estimations across varying distributions of materials, mainly sand. The load cell yields an average weight of 703.8192g, 701.8220g and 702.4949g which is very close to the actual weight of the sand (700g). Experimental results highlight the sensitivity of ultrasonic measurements to the distribution pattern of sand, emphasising the importance of material consistency for accurate volume-to-weight conversions. Furthermore, integrating the Node-RED platform showcases real-time data visualisation, enhancing the system's usability and data analysis capabilities. Through this study, we underscore the potential and challenges of employing a hybrid weighing system, offering insights for future implementations in similar industrial settings.

Abstract: In the shipping industry, the measurements of the weights are also important as all the cargo weighs tons. cargo carried in a cargo unit shall be so packed and secured within the unit as to prevent, throughout the voyage, damage or hazard to the ship and the persons on board. Appropriate precautions shall be taken during the loading and transport of heavy cargoes or cargoes with abnormal physical dimensions to ensure that no structural damage to the ship occurs and to maintain adequate stability throughout the voyage. This report describes the results of the bilateral supplementary comparison COOMET.M.M-S4 The comparison measurements between the two participants Czech Metrology Institute (CMI) (pilot laboratory) and Azerbaijan Institute of Metrology (AzMI) were started. The transfer standards were OIML Class E2 standard weights with nominal mass values of 5 kg, 500 g, 20 g, 2 g and 100 mg. Agreement between the two participants is good.

Abstract: The influence weights of various sensitive factors, such as steel grade, applied potential, temperature and soil environment, on stress corrosion cracking behavior of high-grade pipeline steel were studied by means of orthogonal test at mixed level and slow strain rate test. The stress corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel in near neutral and high pH simulated soil solution under overprotection potential was observed by SEM. The results showed that the applied potential has the greatest weight on stress corrosion index of ISSRT, followed by temperature, steel grade and soil environment. X80 pipeline steel exhibits high stress corrosion sensitivity in near-neutral and high pH simulated soil solutions at applied potential of -1500mV, and its SCC mechanism is hydrogen embrittlement (HE). This study can provide guidance for practical engineering application of pipeline steel.

Abstract: There are shown studies on influence of film-forming components on the corrosion resistance of powder coating. Protective and decorative powder coatings - one of the most promising types of paints and varnishes for industrial use. Their main advantages are: absence of solvents, practically waste-free coating technology (the degree of powder utilization during application is close to 100 relative simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the production process of coating. The study of protective properties of powder coatings is associated with the detection of high performance properties and high corrosion resistance of the material. Although corrosion resistance of powder coating performance continues to improve via the design of more effective film-forming components the nomenclature of which is wide enough.

Abstract: This article describes the design options of sensing weight based on the principle of strain gauges. Measuring method is based on the measurement of deformations on the surface of the body, which is converted to the change in electrical resistance. This is an electrical resistance sensor, which consists of smaller cross-section wire of a suitable material and substrate for wire attached. Depending on what principle the sensor works, there are various types: such as bending, membrane, staple, ring and other. Moreover, the sensor can be made of different materials, most often of steel or aluminum alloy. The article describes two options of measuring the bead wires: measurement about the effector and measurement on the measuring stand.

Abstract: Due to high mechanical strength, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being considered as nanoscale fibres to enhance the performance of polymer composite materials. The two different types of composite reinforced polymers are fabricated with correct proportions with CNTs for better mechanical efficiency. Two types of CNT-based composites are resin carbon nanotube reinforced and resin glass fiber carbon nanotube reinforced. The reinforced CNT composite polymers are SEM, EDAX and XRD analysed for unified structural stability.

Abstract: The need to develop empirical model equations that describe the changes in the nutritional compositions of stored tomatoes under different environmental conditionsA study was carried out to predict and determine the weight and lycopene contents of stored tomatoes. Three sets of four different types of passive evaporative cooling structures made of clay and aluminium were designed and constructed as part of the study. One set consists of four separate cooling chambers. Two cooling chambers were made with aluminium container (cylindrical and square shapes) and the other two were made of clay container (cylindrical and square). These four containers were separately inserted inside a bigger clay pot inter-spaced with clay soil of 5 cm (to form tin-in-pot, pot-in-pot, tin-in-wall and wall-in wall) with the outside structure wrapped with jute sack. The other two sets followed the same pattern with interspacing of 7 cm and 10 cm, respectively. The set with 7 cm interspace served as the control in which the interspace soil and the jute sacks were constantly wetted at intervals of between 2 to 4 hours depending on the rate of evaporation with water at room temperature. The 5 cm and 10 cm interspaced soil were constantly wetted with salt solution (sodium chloride) at the same interval to keep the soil in moist condition. Freshly harvested matured tomatoes (globe variety) were used for the experiments and the temperature and relative humidity inside the cooling chambers were monitored daily . The weight, lycopene contents, bacterial and fungal counts of these produce were determined at intervals of three days for a period of sixteen days. Mathematical models (using essential regression software package) were developed to predict the weight and lycopene contents of the stored produce at various conditions considered in the study. By substituting different values of predictor variables into the model equations, the expected values of weight and lycopene contents of stored tomatoes were predicted. Further analysis was done using a paired sample t-test using SPSS 16.0 computer software package to show the level of significance between the mean of observed and the predicted values for all the models developed. The mathematical models developed are reasonably accurate to predict the storability of fruits and vegetables in passive evaporative cooling structures.

Abstract: In order to apply TTS technology in SCADA, the demand of tape script is discussed firstly. A method and operating steps to construct tape script is described, that is collecting raw text file through static and dynamical steps, counting the position frequency of every individual Chinese character and phrase in a sentence, and calculating the sentence weight value. A program can realize the method and get tape scripts. In addition, it studied the feature of technical and industrial SCADA system, and discusses the necessity and feasibility using TTS to realizing sound out function in SCADA.

Abstract: When using the traditional AHP to evaluate the system,the method of endow with weight is to request expert build the judgment matrix of every hierarchies. The method is over-subjective for its overdependence on expert system. In view of this, this paper puts forward an analytic hierarchy process method based on the cask theory. This method penalizes the index whose index value is too low to having a strong impact on overall system performance. Using this method achieves the goal of reducing the subjectivity. Finally, according to the example, this method’s superiority is proved.