Papers by Keyword: Wound Healing

Abstract: Wound healing is a normal biological mechanism of the body that helps to maintain the integrity of the tissue. In this process, fibroblasts play an important role in supporting wound healing by migrating to the injury site and laying down a new extracellular matrix. Oral wounds heal more rapidly than skin wounds due to the presence of saliva. However, a reduced salivary flow rate or hyposalivation is frequently found in some patients due to their systemic conditions or intake of various medications. In order to control or treat hyposalivation, the use of artificial saliva is recommended for these patients. Various agents were added to artificial saliva to improve its properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of artificial saliva containing vanillin on the wound healing of human gingival fibroblasts by inducing cell migration in vitro. Human gingival fibroblasts isolated from human gingiva were purchased from Scien Cell Research Laboratories, USA. The migratory ability of fibroblasts was performed on a confluent monolayer by the wound healing scratch assay. Artificial saliva with different concentrations of vanillin (0.12% to 4% w/v) was added and incubated for 24 h. Artificial saliva without vanillin was used as a control. The migration cells were fixed with 25% methanol and 0.2% toluidine blue. In vitro cell migration to the wound area was determined by photographing with an inverted microscope coupled to a digital camera (Nikon D 5100). In the presence of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% w/v vanillin-containing artificial saliva, human gingival fibroblasts had a significantly higher potential to migrate into the wound area than a control (p-value <0.05). Data from this study provides the first scientific evidence to demonstrate the benefits of using artificial saliva containing vanillin to maintain healthy gums and accelerate oral wound healing. Rinsing the mouth with this artificial saliva is recommended as the most preferable method for moistening and lubricating the mouth and facilitating the healing of oral wounds in patients with hyposalivation.

Abstract: “Mild” oral care products are needed by some groups of people, such as radiotherapy patients. This study developed oral cleansing products containing green tea (Camelia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) extracts with antibacterial activities and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. extracts with a wound healing activity. We found that 3.13 mg/ml of green tea extract inhibited both Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, which can cause dental caries and oral candidiasis, respectively. Also, a 16 μg/ml C. asiatica extract promoted fibroblast migration in a wound healing study. The products were developed in 2 dosage forms, i.e. a solution and an impregnated gauze, which were isotonic, alcohol and volatile oil free formulations to prevent irritation and burning sensations. The products showed acceptable physical stability after testing under stressed conditions with post-test retention of antimicrobial activity.

Abstract: A high risk of complications in burn injuries is associated with the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Thermal injury (burn) causes the release of cytokines and prostaglandia, resulting in increased interaction between leukocytes, platelets and endothelial cells. Activation of leukocytes leads to an increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen, which is normally compensated by the activation of protective antioxidant enzymes. An imbalance between the activity of the radical-producing and antioxidant systems leads to an excess of free radicals and the development of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress limits the repair of damaged tissue and also leads to localized chronic inflammation. Thus, the removal of inflammation and a decrease in the ROS level, which exceeds the physiological level in the burn zone, seems to be expedient for accelerating the healing process of burn injuries of the skin. In this study, we used a polysaccharide hydrogel modified with cerium dioxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles, which have unique anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as an effective agent for the treatment of thermal burns. It has been shown that modification of the hydrogel with CeO₂ nanoparticles provides accelerated healing of a model burn wound in rats. Already on the 5th day after the treatment of damage to the skin with the modified hydrogel, a decrease in the area of ​​the burn wound that is different from the control is observed. The use of a hydrogel accelerates the healing process of a burn wound on the 25th day by 25.42% (p <0.05) and ensures complete healing of burn wounds on average 5 days earlier in comparison with the control group with Levomekol ointment. Treatment of burn wounds using a hydrogel leads to the formation of a small post-burn scar. Thus, a polysaccharide hydrogel modified with CeO₂ nanoparticles can be considered as an effective wound healing agent in the treatment of thermal burns and skin lesions of various etiologies.

Abstract: Aloe Vera and sea cucumber are the natural material which has been used widely in bio-medical field in Malaysia, especially for wound healing purposes due to its therapeutic effects. Recently, thin films which can absorb acceptable amount of fluid has been gaining attentions in biomaterial wound dressing applications. Hence, the incorporation of these natural materials in the fabrication of the thin films were investigated regarding the fluid intake capacity under the condition of being in contact with deionized water and pseudo-wound exudate. Three types of films made of different compositions of Aloe Vera and sea cucumber were prepared and evaluated. The morphology of the films was analysed using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) evaluation and the fluid intake capacity through the Free Swell Absorptive Capacity test. Results showed the variety of fluid intake capacity of different type of the film after being immersed in both solutions. The morphological structure of each film also varied from one another. The result also indicated that the Aloe Vera film held the adequate fluid intake capacity without any degradation behaviour.

Abstract: Tissue re-epithelialization is a process in wound healing. The healing process of wounds needs to pass through a phase of inflammatory, proliferation, and remodeling. Tissue engineering is the technology service in the field of medicine that can be applied in wound healing. A scaffold is a place for the molecule signal and cell growth to form new tissue. This study aims to investigate the ability of synthetic coral scaffold incorporated PRP in wound healing. Rattus norvegicus were used and divided into 4 groups, synthetic coral scaffold incorporated PRP, scaffold only, Spongostan, and control. The wound healing was observed on 3, 7, and 14 days by measuring the epithelial thickness. The average epithelium thickness on day 3 has not formed. The highest epithelial thickness on days 7 and 14 are obtained from the synthetic coral scaffolds incorporated by PRP. The result of this study presented that Synthetic coral scaffold incorporated by PRP has the highest ability for wound healing and increases the process of tissue regeneration.

Abstract: Asiaticoside is a bioactive compound found in the traditional plant Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort or ‘Pegaga’) generally used for wound healing applications. Numerous studies have discussed the potential benefits of asiaticoside on different human cells such as keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast cells in healing of wounds. However only very few studies have been conducted to investigate its healing effect on cells originated from human oral cavity. The present study aimed to determine the potential of asiaticoside on human gingival fibroblast cells. Cytotoxic activities of the compounds were assessed by MTT assay. The wound healing was examined by scratch assay. The effect of asiaticoside on Col1A1 gene expression was also analyzed using qRT-PCR. Col1A1 is known to play a crucial role in wound healing. The MTT assay result showed that the maximum tolerable concentration of asiaticoside was 0.25 mg/ml. The scratch assay revealed that asiaticoside significantly accelerated the wound healing compared to the negative control (P<0.05). Moreover, the qRT-PCR demonstrated that asiaticoside markedly increased Col1A1 mRNA expression. These results proved asiaticoside as a potential candidate for wound healing agent in dentistry.

Abstract: Wound healing is a complex and integrated process that requires the collective roles of various cells and tissues of the palatal mucosa. During the proliferation phase, the sum of fibroblasts increases in response to damaged oral tissues. Thus, the number of fibroblast cells in the palatal mucosa is a substantial indicator of wound healing. Binahong leaves possess the potential to accelerate wound healing by stimulating fibroblast proliferation. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the effect of Binahong leaves extract (BLE) gel on wound healing of the palatal mucosa by investigating the fibroblast cell count in Wistar rats. This experimental study was carried out in several stages which included the collection and processing of fresh Binahong leaves followed by extraction with 70% ethanol using maceration method. The extract was formulated to be a gel product with a concentration of 3%, 5%, and 7%. BLE gel was administered to Wistar rats which were deliberately injured at the palatal mucosa by excision. Wound healing was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and the number of fibroblast cells was counted. The result of fibroblast proliferation was analyzed by One Way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test with a significance level of 95%. There were significant differences in fibroblast cell proliferation between all test groups except between base gel and Aloclair® gel, base gel and BLE gel 7%, Aloclair® gel and BLE gel 7%, BLE gel 3% and BLE gel 5%. Application of BLE gel 3% promotes better wound healing of the palatal mucosa of Wistar rats.

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of black cumin extract (Nigella sativa) on the process of wound healing in tooth extraction sockets. Material and Methods: This study involved 24 patients from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery grouped into the control and treatment groups. After extracting the first or second molar left or right in adult patients, the black cumin extractwas applied to the socket in the treatment group as soon as possible while it was not applied in the control group. The sockets were divided into 1,2,3 groups, which were treated as black cumin extracts of 10%, 12%, and 14% respectively. On day 1,3,7, patients were recalled and sockets size were calculated to analyze wound healing. Results: Black cumin was found to be able to make the wound healing faster in the treatment group when compared to the control group. Although the effect was not immediately apparent on the second day, on the seventh day the group treated with black cumin extract had a smaller sizing average compared to the control group. The concentration of 12% black cumin extract was found to have the best effect on wound healing. Significance of findings: Black cumin extract can make wound healing in tooth extraction sockets in patients.

Abstract: This work focuses on the fabrication of film based on natural biopolymers for wound healing application. Alginate and chitosan were choosen because of their oustanding properties such as biocompatible, hydrophilic and non-toxic. Earlier, the biopolymer film was fabricated by using alginate 1% wt and chitosan 1% wt. solutions at volume ratios of 99:1 and 97:3. Next, the biopolymer film solution was cross-linked with 1M CaCl₂.2H₂O for two hours and later dried for 24 hours at room temperature. Then, the surface properties of the prepared biopolymer films were characterised via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurement. It was observed that the surface of the biopolymer film became rougher as the volume of the chitosan increases. This condition was confirmed with average surface roughness, R_A for biopolymer film with ratio of 97:3 resulted in higher values. Also it was found that the surface of biopolymer films were hydrophilic after the contact angle was less than 90°. This can be concluded that the biopolymer based on alginate/chitosan is a promising candidate for wound healing materials particularly with good surface properties for faster healing process at the wound areas.

Abstract: Sodium alginate is a natural polymer used for many biomedical applications. The excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility of sodium alginate have provided ample space for future development in wound healing applications. In this study, bio-composite film was prepared by solvent casting technique by blending sodium alginate (SA) solution and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) followed by crosslinking with calcium chloride. The bio-composite film was characterized with different characterization technique such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). AFM analysis provides information about surface roughness. The microstructure of bio-composite film was determined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The wettability of surface material is measure by contact angle. The result demonstrate that the bio-composite film shows high value of surface roughness and contact angle to enhanced blood clotting for wound healing applications