Papers by Keyword: Zeolite

Abstract: The study has been done in membrane production from the ratio of clay, zeolite and activated carbon. The goal of this study is to make membrane from clay, zeolite and activated carbon with micro particle size using Planetary Ball Milling Fritsch Pulverisette. The comparison of clay, zeolite and activated carbon is 80% : 10% : 10%, 70% : 20% : 10%, 60% : 30% : 10%, 50% : 40% : 10% with temperature combustion 600 °C, 700 °C dan 800 °C. Activated zeolite done with using HCl 2 M and then heated at 150 °C for 3 hours. Size particle from zeolite is 140 mesh with using Planetary Ball Milling Fritsch Pulverisette to reduce size of zeolite become 140 mesh with a rotation speed of 350 rpm for 6 hours. The result of this study shows that the highest flukes membrane found in clay, zeolit and activated membrane at 50%: 40%: 10% with temperature combustion at 800 °C around 4,859 L/jam.m². The compressive strength on clay: zeolite: activated carbon ( 80%: 10%: 10%) with temperature burning at 600 °C around 39,6977 kg/cm². Characterization testing using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on ceramic membranes with clay composition: zeolite: activated carbon = 50%: 40%: 10% at a combustion temperature of 600 °C obtained by membrane pore size of 2,699 μm. Adsorption with the optimum time obtained at 1 hour with a concentration of 0,2333 ppm. The highest effect of membrane composition on cation exchange capacity (CEC) is in the composition of 50%: 40%: 10% with a combustion temperature of 600 °C which is equal to 1.1 mgrek/g..

Abstract: The existance of catalyst in a chemical reaction is very important. This catalyst can accelerate the chemical reaction. Currently there are local catalyst with the performance as good as commercial catalyst. One of those catalyst is zeolite. This paper determines the study of characterization of zeolite using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and explains the perfomance of zeolite in the synthesis of triacetin. Catalyst from zeolite was made by mixing with H₂SO₄ in various concentrations, neutralization and drying. From morfology analysis by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), density and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) obtain that mixing with H₂SO₄ of 0.5M is better than the others. From the study of catalyst synthesis from natural zeolite it can be concluded that natural zeolite before activation has fragile structure meanwhile after being activated it was formed crystal structure. The best zeolite crystal phase was obtained from zeolite activated by using 0,5 M H₂SO₄ with glycerol conversion of 94.45% and triacetin selectivity of 4.01%.

Abstract: One effective way to improve the water resistance of gypsum binder is to add a hydraulic additive consisting of Portland cement and an active mineral additive regulating the formation of highly basic compounds. Various natural and artificial mineral substances are used as additives. It is known the effectiveness of fine-ground natural zeolites of the "Honguruu" (hongurin) deposit in the process of composite gypsum binders (CGB). There are also separate studies proving the increase in the activity of zeolites during their calcination at temperatures of 300-400 ° C. This paper presents the results of the study of the effect of the calcination temperature of hongurin on the properties of CGB. As a result of the studies, the optimal calcination temperature of hongurin - 180 ° C was determined. At the same time, the activity of hongurin increases, which provides significant growth of mechanical indicators of rock on the basis of CGB: the ultimate strength at compression of samples at the age of 28 days from compositions without plasticizer increased by 90% at addition of plasticizer in the amount of 1% - by 35%, and at 2% - by 57%. But with the use of calcined hongurin there is a slight decrease in the water resistance of the rock: in the optimal composition from 0,96 to 0,87, it is explained by the decrease in the activity of hongurin due to the reduction in the number of active groups, and the resulting new centers have a Lewis character.

Abstract: The conversion of glycerol as by product of biodiesel manufacture into value-added product was studied. Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid to triacetin was carried out using activated zeolite and Lewatite as catalyst A selective method for triacetin synthesis was developed to investigate the effect of molar ratio of glycerol to acetic acid (1:6, 1:7 and 1:8). The conversion values at the reactant mole ratio were subsequently 66.91%, 73.36% and 73.16%, while the selectivity obtained was 7.67%, 9.66% and 10.61% respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that the highest conversion was obtained at a reactant mole ratio of 1: 7 and the highest selectivity was obtained at a reactant mole ratio of 1: 8. The result of selectivity with various catalyst type shows that the Lewatit catalyst produces a higher selectivity than the use of activated natural zeolite as a catalyst.

Abstract: Due to diminishing fossil fuel, energy alternative availability becomes very crucial. Bio-oil is one of the alternative energy sources obtaining from the biomass pyrolysis process. This study's aim is to determine the effect of temperature and the addition of catalysts in the pyrolysis process. The catalyst was made of natural zeolite which was activated with an H₂SO₄ solution of 0.5 N and then heated at 350 °C for 12 hours. The pyrolysis of dry pine cone powder was run in a fluidized bed reactor enclosed by a furnace at a heating rate of 15 °C/min and residence time for 3 hours. From the existing variations, the largest bio-oil yield i.e. 34.28% was obtained from non-catalytic pyrolysis at the temperature of 500 °C, however, the bio-oil conceived high acids. On the other hand, the bio-oil comprised high phenolics and aromatics were generated from catalytic pyrolysis with 5% wt catalyst at a temperature of 500 °C. Eventually, the bio-oil from Pinus Merkusii cone has the potential to be biofuel and biochemical materials.

Abstract: Compared with bio-oil from sawdust (common lignocellulosic biomass), the bio-oil obtained by fast pyrolysis of coffee waste has a unique feature to contain a significant amount of fatty acids such as oleic acid and palmitic acid. It is necessary to conduct C-C cracking of fatty acids present in coffee-waste bio-oil to maximize gasoline fraction (C₅-C₁₂) production. In this work, catalytic cracking of oleic acid as a model compound for the fatty acids was carried out in batch reactors to understand the effect of major parameters such as zeolite type (HZSM-5, SAPO-11, MCM-41), reaction temperature (380-500 ^°C), and reaction time (0-50 min) on gasoline fraction production. The GC-MS analysis showed hydrocarbons and aromatics to be major compounds present in the gasoline fraction irrespective of zeolite type and reaction conditions. At 400 ^°C and 0 min reaction time, the yield of gasoline fraction was 18.6, 6.7, and 33.1 % with HZSM-5, SAPO-11, and MCM-41, respectively. As reaction temperature increased to 500 ^°C, the total gasoline fraction yield reached 43.7 and 22.7 % with SAPO-11 and MCM-41, respectively. In all the catalysts, the content of aromatic compounds in the gasoline fraction increased with the increase in reaction temperature and reaction time. Meanwhile, the formation of hydrocarbons in the gasoline fraction showed different optimum temperature with catalyst: 11.8 % yield with SAPO-11 at 500 ^°C and 27.0 % yield with MCM-41 at 400 ^°C.

Abstract: There is a significant lag in the manufacture of dry plaster and masonry mixtures. One of the reasons constraining this process is the insufficient use of local raw materials and waste of various industries by enterprises of the regions. Experience in the development of zeolite deposits in Russia shows that the exploitation of deposits focused on the use of zeolite-bearing rocks only in traditional areas (agriculture, ecology, sorbents, etc.) with small volumes of production is not enough successful and economically justified. The efficiency of operation of deposits is determined by numerous factors, including the complex use of zeolite-containing rocks. Given that all zeolite-containing rocks can have practical application, it is advisable to provide for the operation of the field of raw materials in the form of an industrial metropolis with the production of a wide range of products.

Abstract: Morphology of silver nanoparticle coated on ZSM-5, mordenite, and Y-Type zeolite by Stöber’s and Tollen’s methods was characterized. The silver element was confirmed by SEM, EDX spectrum and XRD. Nanoparticle size of the silver fabricated on the surface of all three types of zeolite by Stöber’s method appeared in 1.8-7.9 times smaller than the Tollen’s methods depending on the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite. The ZSM-5, containing the highest Si/Al ratio and the largest crystal size, provided the best adhesion to the silver nanoparticles. Analysis of the SEM image showed a well distribution of silver nanoparticles on all types of zeolites, but only for the Stöber’s coating technique. A 4.54% coverage area of the silver nanoparticles on the Y-Type zeolite was enough for transformation the crystalline structure of zeolite surface to amorphous as consequent of the broad peak XRD spectrum. Since the zeolite surface was not fully obscured by silver nanoparticles as confirmed by FTIR, its absorption property of zeolite was also preserved. The Raman signal enhancement was evident when zeolite was coated with silver nanoparticle.

Abstract: Increasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels in the atmosphere caused by excessive greenhouse gas emissions is strongly associated to global warming and climate change. This study aims to prove the feasibility of using pectin as the backbone for amine functionalization with application as coating on zeolites for carbon dioxide capture. Characterization of the solutions using FTIR and of the adsorbents using SEM demonstrated the successful modification of pectin using NH₃ and TETA as alternative amine-functionalized coating for adsorbent. It has been reported for the first time that the polysaccharide pectin can be aminated and modified for CO₂ capture upon coated on substrates such as zeolites. The adsorption capacities at 5% breakthrough of the adsorbents coated with the modified pectin are 2.24 mmol/CO₂ g adsorbent and 2.28 mmol/CO₂ g adsorbent, when coated with NH₃-modified and TETA-modified pectin, respectively. It is recommended for further study to synthesize substrates with higher surface area, and optimize the formulations of the pectin modification.

Abstract: Portland cement consists essentially of compounds of lime mixed with silica and alumina whereas zeolite is a kind of minerals containing high content of reactive silica and alumina. Therefore, there is a probability to apply zeolite in cement mortar in order to develop mortar properties. The purpose of this research was to study and analyze the efficiency of zeolite addition on properties of cement mortar. X-ray diffraction (XRD), universal testing machine (UTM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize for mortar specimens. Mechanical property test was compressive strength according to ASTM C109 and carried out on 5 x 5 x 5 cm³ cube specimens at 1, 7 and 28 curing days. In this research, cement mortars were prepared by mixing type I Portland cement, fly ash, sand and zeolite. Zeolite was varied as 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 wt.% to cement and w/b (water to binder ratio) was 0.48. The results presented that the compressive strength of mortar with small amount of zeolite was improved since 1day age obviously comparing to that of mortar without zeolite. It was confirmed that zeolite would help strengthening the cement mortars at early strength.