Influence of High-Grade Highway Construction on Industry-Economic Belt in Heilongjiang Province

With the victory of “Three-year decisive battle”of road construction in Heilongjiang Province and the formation of high-grade highway network, high-grade highways gradually have profound effects on promoting economic and social development and enhancing the public life level, as well as meeting the traffic demands in Heilongjiang province. The influence of the highway construction on industrial-economic belt in Heilongjiang province was analyzed. As an example, by forecasting various index of Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar Industrial Corridor, we confirmed that the construction of high-grade highways in Heilongjiang play positive roles in industrial-economic belt.


Introduction
In the process of building a moderately prosperous society and accelerating modernization, Heilongjiang Province highway transportation needs to achieve leapfrog development in the new environment which is full of great opportunities and severe challenges. In order to promote better and faster development of social economy, the government of Heilongjiang province introduced the Implement compendium of three-year showdown of the highway construction in Heilongjiang Province [1] in August 2008, in which they plan to use more than three years to build freeways of 3042 kilometers and highways of grade 1 or 2 of 3355 kilometers and rural highways of,60,799 kilometers as well as to open up the national and provincial trunk highway, the main highway in the province all the completion of two or more roads. Academia and all levels of government continue to recognize the social and economic benefits of highway and recognition, high-grade highway industry in national economic development strategy, the status of the regional industrial layout and structural adjustment has improved significantly. Therefore, the highway industry-economic belt has gradually become the focus question of the transport of Economic Research.
In our previous evaluation research in high-grade highways [2] , high-grade highways in provinces such as Hebei, Hubei, Zhejiang, Anhui,etc,can not only bring good economic benefits, but also contribute more than 3% on gross domestic product (GDP) of the same period. And the concept of "Industrial economic belt of high-grade highways" was introduced in the General Introduction of Industrial-economic belt of high-grade highways and development along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province [3] , and its specific function and role profiles of was discussed, and on this basis, a number of targeted recommendations has been made for future development of Industrial-economic belt along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province with practice.
For better description of the influence of the construction of high-grade highways on the development of Industrial-economic, we carried on research on four aspects，that is the introduction of the theory, the evolution mode, the "point -axis -side" theory and the contribution of Harbin-Daqing freeway to the Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar Industrial Corridor.

High-grade highways industrial-economic belt theory
High-grade highway industry-economic belt refers to the stripe regional economic system which treat the development of high-grade highway as development spindle and the town or city cluster closely linked to each other on the spindle or in its close attract area (about 50 ~ 80 kilometers).
And the high-grade highway industry economic belt has the following characteristics [4] : firstly, it's a system of high-capacity, high-speed and high efficiency; Secondly, there exist full-featured towns of various scales in the region; Thirdly, industries in this region are concentrated, the scale of the economy is considerable and the growth speed is great; Fourthly, different towns in the area have different division of labor and the industry have a pattern of diffusion in ladder shape along the highway.
In view of this, and combined with the general characteristics of Traffic Economic Belt, the meaning of the high-grade highways industrial economy should be a stripe regional economic system built on high-grade highways and the transport networks they formed, which is based on the features of high-grade highways, which rely on the large and medium-sized cities along the high-grade highways, which treat the import and export and crossroads of the high-grade as growth poles and treat the high-grade highway network and other linear infrastructure (mainly supporting highways, and other communications lines) as the development axis as well, and which is dominated by the development of efficient agriculture, high-tech industries and tourism, information and other emerging industry-led regional economic sustainable development objectives for the constraints of a ribbon, which is the inevitable product of the industrialized societies and is a contemporary space economy form one of the most typical and most common form.

Formation and evolution mode of high-grade highways industrial-economy belt in Heilongjiang
The constructions of high-grade highways strike the regional economic system which is at low level balance thus inducing the imbalance of regional development. The gathering effect was enhanced and the economic development was accelerated at the exit or the intersection of high-grade highways while economic developments of many other areas are stagnated due to the negative impact of high-grade highways [5] . High-grade highways continue to act on the legions along the highways, the general level of economic development in the region are improved, and the extent of the impact of high-grade highways reached equilibrium. Logistics, people, technology flow and the flow of information in the region exchanged freely, level of economic development in each "point" was significantly higher than adjacent areas, and the structure of the economy as a whole space achieved a high grade of balance, then the economic belt of high-grade highway industry has basically taken shape.
Generally speaking, the formation of highway industry-economic belt goes through three phases with significantly different characteristics; following is the elaboration on the formation of the Harbin-Daqing freeway industry-economic belt.
1) Prototype stage In the early stage after Harbin-Daqing freeway was built, poor economic development regions away from the exit subject to a greater negative impact which reduce the rate of economic growth. At this stage，the decrease in the number of geographical latent region was taken as the principal thing ,the amount of the regions was considerable and started decreasing, growing region began to appear and the number of diffusion regions kept the same.
2) Growth Stage Since Harbin-Daqing freeway opened to Public，agricultural industry structure of the towns along it has undergone tremendous changes. Efficient agriculture, aging, agriculture, and agricultural production area of specialization has been through great development; internal industry structure of industry and the tertiary industry has increased. The number and the strength of the

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Advances in Intelligent Transportation System and Technology towns were rapidly expanded and enhanced, and population kept gathering to the areas along the freeway, polarization effect was further enhanced, and the core -the edge of the dual space structure has become increasingly evident.

3) Maturation Stage
At this stage, Harbin-Daqing freeway economic belt has been expanded rapidly, economic belt within the urban division of functions and linkages became more explicit, satellite towns of cities kept emerging, and the local section of Megalopolis began to appear, the influence basin of the economic belt received more expansion. The main features of this stage is the appearance of the diffusion region and the disappearance of latent types, as well as the decrease or even the disappearance of the output types, and teemed with a large number of growth types whose rate of increase slows down.
If they continued to developing new development axis after the mature of certain industry-economic belt (such as new high grade highway or high-grade railway), then the formation and development of the industrial-economic belt with a new development axis began with a new round of circulation.

The "point" of the High-grade highway
The so-called point means that any one region is starting with some points on the start, then develop along the axis between each point, and interwoven into the economic network, which is the starting point of a regional development. Economic belt of high-grade highways are mainly divided into two types: one is the existing town, the other is located in the town the highway intersection.
There gradually formed the LongYun, New XiangFang, Ha Dong the SongBei four logistics parks which located separately in the south, east, and north in Harbin. And there formed freight market with integrated logistics center as a platform, exhibition and trade hall, Container Yard and logistics trading sector with Daqing Wanbao petrochemical logistics center as a platform, processing area and storage area in Daqing. While there exit formation of three major logistics markets the Nanyuan Logistics Base, the Beiyuan logistics base, and the North Warehouse Logistics Center.

The "axis" of the High-grade highway
Concentration and diffusion of regional economic activities are not in disorder, it has a trend of longitudinal diffusion along the high-grade highway. Attract and diffusion force along the highway will have an important impact on the economic development. It can be predicted that construction of high-grade highway in the three-year showdown will undoubtedly become the axis of future economic development of Heilongjiang.
The direct distance of axis of high-grade highways to attract logistics facilities in the area is about 10 km. Diffusion distance and the distribution range of Logistics center depends on their own skills and the quality of the existing transportation infrastructure, and the travel time along the axis of the high-grade highways. The results show that the logistics facilities located within 5 km accounting for 75.5%, and 10 km or less accounting for 97.1%.
Result of advantages survey in freeway interchange near the entrance location shows that it can be helpful for transportation between the cities (51.2% of investigators), avoiding traffic jam (50.9%), operation of the oversize vehicles (36.8%), and convenient joints to the port and airport (9.9%).

The "facet" of the High-grade highway
High-grade highway economic industry belt is the result of the point-shaft spread, the result of the development is the expansion of gathering center and increase of extreme center, and the further development at this time can form organically contacted urban agglomeration or metropolitan areas with high grade highways as axises, all sorts of cluster center for support, composed of different levels of transportation network within the given areas. Taking Harbin-Daqing freeway as an example, the industrial economy of Harbin-Daqing highway took Harbin and Daqing as developing centers, relying on scale economies in the two core cities, whose development pattern is "points and axises". Cities along the highway such as Zhaodong and Anda developed gradually into organic connection part of Harbin and Daqing.

Contribution of Harbin-Daqing freeway on the Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar Industrial Corridor
Construction of Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar Industrial Corridor project, which is located in the southwest of Heilongjiang Province, began in August 2005.The provincial capital city of Harbin, the oil city of Daqing, heavy equipment, industrial city of Qiqihar and cities along the freeway like Zhao Dong and Anda are included in the Corridor, and the total planned area is 921 km2, the actual start area was 62.4 km2 by the end of 2009 [6] . Industries prioritized in the cities along Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar industrial corridor are shown in the table below. Focus on the development of high-tech such as the leading automotive, aerospace, mechanical and electrical industry, pharmaceutical industry, environmental protection industry, information industry, green food industry and modern logistics industry.

Daqing
Focus on developing alternative industries with high additional value, such as petrochemical, natural gas chemical industry, and substitute industries like agricultural and sideline products deep processing, textiles, new materials, machinery manufacturing, electronic information,etc.

Qiqihar
Focus on making the equipment industry, expanding the green food industry and kerosene chemical industry bigger and stronger, developing the electronic information, environmental protection, energy, paper, metallurgy, building materials industry vigorously.

Zhaodong
Focus on the development of the biotechnology industry and agricultural products, grain deep-based Chinese herbal medicine deep processing industry.