Experimental Investigation of Standard Handling and Storage Duration on Fuel Properties, Appearance, Burning Process and Emissions of Biodegradable Alternative Fuel

Concern shortage and limited of petroleum, bio-fuels or also known as alternative fuel offer an advantage in order to sustain in long terms and economical. This renewable source is a good offer as an improvement attempt of automobile fuel and burner combustion. The main issue in using biodegradable alternative fuel such as vegetable oil-based fuels is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants on the degradation and much oxygen with comparing to diesel gas oil. Thus, this study investigated the effects of different kind of biodegradable alternative fuel tested at variant in storage ambient condition under different storage duration. These tests were performed on the biodegradable alternative fuel such crude palm oil (CPO), and waste cooking oil (WCO) with different of ambient temperature and variant of blending ratio. The biodegradable fuel samples were stored in clinical compartment, at different temperatures and were monitored at regular interval over a period of 60 days. Blending of biodiesel was varied from 5vol% ~ 15vol% and storage temperature from 5°C~33°C. The effects of ambient temperature and storage duration on properties of biodegradable fuel such as density, kinematics viscosity, acid value, water content and flash point of biodiesel were discussed in detail. Analysis of this study showed that the different storage duration gave a significant effect toward the changes of water content; acid value and viscosity. As a conclusion, a long period of storage would decrease the quality of biodiesel no matter what kind of condition and environment is exposed to.


Introduction
In this fresh era is now the world's energy requirement has increased.This has been tested over the final two decades; the troubles linked with these fuels arise.Foremost, the cost of fossil fuels goes up too quickly and indirectly provides an extra burden to the saving of the importing nations.Second, the combustion of fossil fuels has contributed to an increase in global CO2 levels, which commit the world to global warming [1]. The standard storage and handling procedures used for biodiesel is the main issue for biodiesel fuel specifications [2][3][4][5]. Some researchers have shown that biodiesel storage period and temperature related to the purpose of biodiesel properties and quality of biodiesel. Reported that the fatty acid methyl ester molecules are broken down during degradation and chain fatty acids increase the biodiesel.Therefore, the more the degradation, the higher will be its acidity [6]. In addition, the properties test considered to investigate are included density, kinematic viscosity, water content, acid value and flash points test with increasing storage time.
In this work, the percentage of biodiesel sample variance will save on storage conditions at indoor condition and outdoor condition. Observation of samples tested each week for a period of 1680 hours. It is proposed that this study will offer knowledge on the best method of storage features.

Experimental Setup
In this field, the raw materials utilized as the principal stuff is crude palm oil (CPO) and waste cooking oil (WCO).Blending process was taken to ascertain that the mixture of diesel and biodiesel is well mixed uniformly.Formal view of blending process is depicted in figure 1. During blending process, the laboratory scale, blending machine was operated at 60°C and the mixture was stirred at 70°C for 1 hour. The rotating blade speed was adjusted to keep the same speed at 270 RPM.
The properties test considered to be investigated are included density, kinematic viscosity, water content, acid value and flash points test [7][8][9].These properties test are established along the European Standard for Biodiesel (EN 14214) and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM D6751). The density properties were measured by Metter Toledo Diamond Scale modelled JB703-C/AF. In this inquiry, the kinematic viscosity of sample blend was measured by Viscolite 700 model VL700-T15.Kinematic viscosity is referring to the time consumed from a volume of sample (liquid form) to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary Viscometer. The water content and acid value in the biodiesel sample were measured by Volumetric KF Titrator model v20 and titration process. The condition of acid value is shown as the amount (mg) of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize one gram of the biodiesel. During acid value measurement, the sample is titrated with alcoholic KOH using phenolphthalein as indicator. The flash point measured by Pensky-Martens PMA 4. The particulars of the tested fuels are detailed in Table 1 Sample

Results and Discussion
Physical attributes can be set or measured without changing the makeup of matter and explain it.In this work, it is important to look into the physical attributes of the sample CPO and WCO to make

Conclusion
In this research, the CPO and WCO fuel with different blending ratio (CPO5, CPO10, CPO15, WCO5, WCO10 and WCO15) which storage at indoor condition and outdoor condition.The summary as follows: 1. This research proves that low changes in the physical attributes of alternative fuel samples when stored at indoor condition and outdoor condition. 2. Indoor storage conditions which are less susceptible to delayed break light chain fatty acids. 3. Alternative fuel storage at indoor condition is suitable and more advantageous because the impact on the physical properties is minimal and beneficial to slow down the degradation of biodiesel and storage.