https://www.scientific.net/AST Latest Results for Advances in Science and Technology en-us https://www.scientific.net https://www.scientific.net/Image/JournalCover/14 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.-1 Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br /> <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.3 10.4028/p-IqlY5F Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Marine A. Mikilyan <br />This paper studies how a magnetic field affects the stability domain of a high aspect-ratio plate subjected simultaneously to supersonic gas flow and a temperature gradient across its thickness. Formulating the problem mathematically leads to a boundary value problem describing the plate’s stable configuration. The model is built on the fundamental assumptions of magneto-thermo-elastic plate theory and piston theory. It also employs an extended formula of piston theory, previously derived and explained in detail in [1,2]. Using the Routh–Hurwitz criterion, the study determines the stability regions of the plate under the combined effects of the temperature field and the external flow, and analyzes how the magnetic field modifies these regions. Additionally, based on an obtained formula for the critical flow velocity, the paper computes the corresponding critical velocities for various temperature distributions and explores the impact of the magnetic field on these values. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.17 10.4028/p-4Gncl5 Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): István Páczelt, Attila Baksa <br />This paper briefly summarises the structure of hierarchical shell finite elements and presents computational results for rotationally symmetric shell structures. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.29 10.4028/p-Yg97RQ Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Peter B. Béda, Gyula Béda <br />The concept of fractional derivative as a mathematical operation was first proposed by Leibniz.In recent years, it has appeared increasingly in constitutive equations that describe the behavior ofvarious materials. This naturally raises the question of whether fractional differentiation could haveimplications for the fundamental structure of Newtonian mechanics. In this study, this possibility isinvestigated in the context of the mechanics of a system of material points. The analysis is grounded inthe principle of stationary action, which, following the seminal works of Noether, serves as a unifyingfoundation across the various branches of physics. This principle provides a coherent framework thatencompasses the established variables and theorems, enabling the derivation of general conclusions.Accordingly, it offers a suitable theoretical basis for examining the role of fractional derivatives withinmechanical systems. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.39 10.4028/p-oh5ZnC Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Tamás Görögh, Péter Béda <br />In this paper, starting from the introduction of the inerter, which completes electrical - mechanicalsystem analogy, and the introduction of pseudoinverse form of the analytical mechanic (Udwadia -Kalaba formalism ), which allows a handling of the anholonomic constraints without the introductionof the pseudo velocities. The paper investigates the effect of the inerter in a linear vehicle dynamicmodel and gives a procedure for deriving the equations of motion for a nonholonomic mechanicalsystems. Mechanical systems related to articulated vehicle models. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.51 10.4028/p-Z6d2KR Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): János Polyák, Balog Boglárka, Péter Nagy-György <br />The accurate characterization of non-Newtonian fluid pipe flow is essential for engineering applications, such as vibration dampers, and fluid-processing industrial applications. Since traditional measurement setups require circulating significant fluid volumes, this study introduces a novel, compact measurement device developed to determine flow coefficients for a pipe flow using minimal volume of media. This research investigates the pipe flow of shear thickening fluid samples synthesized from PEG200 and fumed silica at 18 wt.% and 24 wt.% concentrations. The experimental results confirmed that increasing the solid volume fraction intensifies the shear thickening characteristics, which causes a sudden increase in pressure loss. The measured values were compared with analytical predictions, and the close agreement between them validates the reliability of this novel measurement technique for characterizing these complex fluids. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.61 10.4028/p-eoI7IY Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Sama Khaled Abdalla Abdelfattah, Sándor Bodzás, Gyöngyi Szanyi <br />This study examines the influence of surface finish and geometric parameters on the performance of spur gears used in robotic transmissions. It investigates gear manufacturing errors and their impact on performance, durability, and quality, aiming to optimize gear design parameters for high precision, durability, and load-carrying capabilities. Experimental studies were conducted, revealing that smoother surfaces lead to lower friction and wear. Geometric parameters play a crucial role in optimizing gear meshing and alignment, directly affecting torque transmission and noise levels. The study emphasizes the importance of analyzing these factors for improving the efficiency, precision, and lifespan of robotic applications. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.69 10.4028/p-DNIzj6 Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Milan Rackov, Siniša Kuzmanovic <br />This paper highlights the actual influence of gear ratio size on the service life of rolling bearings within the universal helical gear reducers with external gearing. The service life of a reducer primarily depends on the lifespan of its bearings, and further it depends on the gears, keys, shafts, and other components. However, the overall life time of the reducer depends on the intensity of use, working conditions, and maintenance quality. By analyzing the influence of the gear ratio size on the service life of the reducer, it can be concluded that this factor has a remarkably strong impact - not only in single-, double-, and triple-stage reducers, but also in reducers built within a universal housing designed for double-and triple-stage configurations. This influence is somewhat bigger in triple-stage reducers than in double-stage reducers due to the lower rotational speed of the output shaft. Therefore, by properly selecting the bearings and defining the corresponding load of the reducer for specific gear ratios, efforts are made to minimize the influence of the gear ratio as much as possible. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.75 10.4028/p-7kN3DP Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Bálint Siktár, József Kakuk, György Hegedűs <br />Hedge cutters are electric power tools used to trim vegetation in domestic and professional environments. The cutting performance, along with vibration patterns and mechanical stress on the blades, depends heavily on the eccentric mechanism, which converts rotary motor motion into back-and-forth blade motion. The research investigates AC-powered hedge cutters by studying three commercial devices that maintain constant speed through their different eccentric-disk designs. The research investigates how eccentricity affects blade movement, speed, acceleration, and jerk through both mathematical kinematic modeling and computer-based simulation. The results demonstrate that higher eccentricity values produce greater peak velocities and accelerations, which could improve cutting performance but would also increase dynamic forces and vibration. The comparison provides numerical data that helps understand how eccentric design elements affect the system, enabling better mechanical design and optimization of the hedge-trimmer mechanism. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.83 10.4028/p-Np7gmV Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Ibtissam Ennamouss, Sándor Bodzás <br />The focus of this research is on the geometric design and finite element method (FEM) analysis of a connecting spur gear pair as a part of a mechanical wire bending machine. This goal of this study is to improve the performance of the machine and durability, this will be achieved by optimizing the gear geometry and analyzing stress distribution (Static stress study). Previously, the gear pair was first designed using CATIA and Fusion 360, following standard design parameters like module, center distance and pressure angle. The designed model was analyzed using FEM instruments to model deformation, static stress and contact behavior between teeth. The simulation results were compared with theoretical calculations to validate design accuracy and identify major stress regions. This study provides important insights into enhancing load transmission efficiency, extending gear life and minimizing wear in bending machinery applications. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.95 10.4028/p-88pHM4 Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Kezia Lima Gascoigne, Tamás Mankovits <br />Many components in the automotive industry have rubber material in their composition, which makes the role of rubber critical in many systems of vehicles, particularly suspension systems, where it works as vibration isolators and energy absorbers to protect the system against impact loads. In the medium and heavy-duty vehicles, rubber bumpers are in the air spring assemblies, working as a secondary load-bearing element, ensuring the safe operation when the air spring reaches its maximum compression. Despite that, rubber’s complex, nonlinear, and hyperelastic behavior impacts the prediction of the bumper’s mechanical response, consequently being a big design challenge . The experimental test to understand rubber’s characteristics is often expensive and time-consuming, making Finite Element Analysis a good alternative for studying deformation and stress distribution under realistic constraints. This study investigates the finite element behavior of an axisymmetric rubber bumper exposed to compressive loads. The bumper assembly model was designed in CATIA V5 and simplified into a two-dimensional model to enhance computational effectiveness. The model establishment was done in ANSYS, where all the details necessary to replicate the exact operating environment of the bumper were taken into consideration. The post-processing focused mainly on the force-displacement response, with additional simulations that reviewed how some parameters affect the results. The investigation provides valuable information about the structural response of rubber bumpers and establishes an effective approach for future design and optimization of this suspension component. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.107 10.4028/p-PtGN1P Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Kristóf Szabó <br />The article introduces the possibility and process of the development of a tool changer mechanism. The component in this article is the most important one of the automated tool supply system of modern machine tools. The development direction of newly designed machine tools is mainly determined by the increase in operating speed and efficiency, which is required by industrial expectations. In the complex kinematics of the tool supply system, mass reduction can result in a large decrease in case of energy requirements. In addition to economical operation, harmful dynamic effects can also be diminished. During technical design and development, the choice of design approach and design tool system is important, as the optimal solution can only be considered successful if its technical and economic implications meet the expectations. Thanks to modern computer technology tools, various design-aiding procedures have been created that complement classical design methodologies and help the work of design engineers. Optimization methods (CAE) common in computer-aided design systems (iCAD), such as topology optimization (TO) and the new generative design process (GD), provide effective solutions for design engineers in an increasing number of industrial application areas. Based on the experience gained in product development, it can be observed that simulation-driven design methods can be applied in various areas of industry. The case study of the article presents the computer-aided design process and its characteristics and details the tasks to be performed in each step and also summarizes its effectiveness. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.117 10.4028/p-Cbp9wA Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Kristóf Szabó <br />The article introduces the design of a frame element of a Giant AC bicycle manufactured in 2003. The development work focuses on the component connecting the spring and the rear swingarms. The process is assisted by the tools of the discursive design approach and the simulation-driven design method. The component in the case study was designed by the usage of the tools of the given time, when diverse design software and affordable high-capacity computers were not yet available. Nowadays, iCAD design systems support engineering work with appropriate CAE target software, which allows the examination of virtual prototypes with adequate accuracy. The concept-forming properties of topological optimization (TO) and generative design (GD) fit into the discursive design approach and provide effective solutions in an increasing number of fields of application. The simulation-driven design process in this article is executed in Siemens NX 2506 software. The case study details the steps of the development process. It presents a kinematic description of the investigated component for several purposes. In the generation phase, the creation of solutions was influenced by various aspects, such as the starting geometries, the raw materials that can be used, and the manufacturing technologies that can be matched with them. A technical value analysis is executed for the different solutions, which aims to help the selection of the best design. The scope of use of the bicycle is close to competitive sports, therefore, the weight of the component is an important aspect in case of value analysis. The article introduces a comparison of the original component and the one produced by using modern methods and summarizes the achieved results. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.127 10.4028/p-JgbJE6 Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Daniel Lateș, Paul Tripon, Eugen Marin, Dragos Manea, Laurențiu Constantin Vlăduțoiu <br />Reversible ploughs are modern agricultural implements that allow ploughing operations to be carried out with increased efficiency by turning the furrows in the same direction, regardless of the movement direction of the tractor–plough unit. Their functionality is ensured by a reversing mechanism, typically actuated by a hydraulic cylinder, which rotates the movable frame by 180° around the tractor's longitudinal axis at the end of each pass. This paper presents a static analysis of such a mechanism, with the objective of determining the distribution of mechanical stresses, displacements and equivalent deformations, as well as the safety factor of the main structural components. The applied methodology included defining the three-dimensional geometric model of the reversing assembly and performing numerical simulation using the Finite Element Method (FEM), with the SolidWorks Simulation software. The calculation assumptions considered the maximum load generated by the hydraulic cylinder during the rotation phase, with proper application of contact conditions and mechanical constraints. The results highlighted equivalent stresses, calculated according to the Von Mises criterion, below the allowable limits for the materials used, displacements and deformations within functional limits, and safety factors ranging from 2.1 to 3.5 for critical components (rotation shaft, support frame, and cylinder attachment points). The conclusions of the analysis confirm that the mechanism’s design is appropriate for the static loading conditions encountered during regular agricultural operation. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.137 10.4028/p-vU71fg Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Iveta Čačková, Viliam Čačko, Bálint Ferenczi <br />This study investigates the influence of fiber and CO₂ laser cutting parameters on the material properties of wear-resistant Hardox 450 steel. The research focuses on the: effect of laser power, assist gas pressure, and cutting speed on the microhardness and surface integrity of the cut material. A full factorial experimental design was employed, consisting of 162 specimens cut under different process conditions. Hardness was evaluated using the Rockwell method, while surface roughness was measured with a Mitutoyo SJ-210 profilometr. The results revealed that gas pressure and laser power have a dominant effect on hardness variation in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), whereas cutting speed significantly affects the surface roughness.A comparative analysis between fiber and CO₂ laser technologies showed that fiber laser cutting produces a narrower HAZ and better preserves the base-material hardness, minimizing microstructural degradation. In contrast, CO₂ laser cutting results in a wider HAZ with slightly reduced hardness but improved smoothness due to longer thermal exposure. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) and regression modelling enabled the identification of key interactions between process parameters and material response. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the laser–material interaction mechanisms in high-strength steels and provides recommendations for optimizing cutting conditions to maintain the mechanical integrity of wear-resistant materials. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.149 10.4028/p-qWfT1A Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Viktor Gergely Ráczi, Balázs Mikó <br />The use of geometric tolerances is becoming increasingly common in the field of mechanical engineering, especially for parts with complex shapes and tight tolerances. The tolerancing process, which determines the type and size of tolerances to be applied, requires a multi-purpose analysis. Tolerancing considers the analysis of functional requirements, manufacturability considerations, the proper application of drawing specifications, and the measurement process. In our research, the cylindricity and circularity errors of machined holes are examined as a function of machining parameters and circumstances in different steel materials. The holes investigated in this article were made using three different machining processes - turning, boring and milling - from C45 steel. The aim of the article is to present the least square (LS) and minimum zone (MZ) methods for evaluating the cylindricity error, and to compare the results of the two analyses by statistical methods. In addition to the evaluation based on 264 points recorded on a coordinate measuring machine, the article also presents the deviation of the point cloud created using the Halton-Zeremba point sampling method, demonstrating the effect of the number of measurement points on the value of the cylindricity error and the diameter. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.161 10.4028/p-3Ohet2 Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Masar Alsigar, Mahmood Alhafadhi, Ali Lafta, Osamah Mayoof, Huda Al-Murshidi <br />This research presents a model for calculating the productivity of metal removal during external cylindrical grinding, taking into account the instability of the technological process during the workpiece operating cycle and during the processing of a set of products. The relationship between the productivity of the grinding process using CNC digital control systems and the cutting forces, the physical and mechanical properties of the machined material, the properties of the grinding stone, the rigidity of the technological system, cutting systems, the characteristics of layer removal in areas opposite the wheel rotation, the achieved machining accuracy, and other technological factors affecting the process. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.169 10.4028/p-u1wRtZ Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Ogutu Isaya Elly, Márton Takács <br />One of the primary drawbacks of the micromilling process is the limited lifespan of micro end mills, which significantly increases the cost of production. In addition to its brevity, the tool life is also stochastic in nature, making it challenging to predict and avoid untimely tool changes during the micromilling process. Despite the numerous attempts to estimate tool life, minimal attention has been paid to the feasibility of the ensemble machine learning models. Yet, they carry great potential for online tool status monitoring frameworks, which is the future of smart machining, a pillar of the Industry 4.0 industrial revolution. The aim of this work, therefore, was to develop an ensemble model for accurate tool life prediction and optimization. Data collected from a tool life experiment series involving the machining of a polymer-graphite composite were used to train and test a stacking regressor. The resultant model had an MAPE of 1.87%, an R² of 0.92 on both the training and testing data, as well as a Radj² of 0.91, which are statistically significant. The model outperforms an empirical multilinear model, previously modelled using the same data, whose MAPE is 5.08 %, R2 is 0.89 and Radj2 is 0.84. The stacking regressor is later used successfully in the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to optimize tool life, and optimal cutting velocity (65.72 m/min), axial depth of cut (0.96 mm), and feed (26.16 µm) are proposed for the efficient micromilling of the polymer graphite composites, which are used for the fabrication of bipolar plates needed for hydrogen fuel cells. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.181 10.4028/p-A1ukgl Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Viliam Čačko, Iveta Čačková, Ľubomír Šooš, Bálint Ferenczi <br />The paper presents an experimental study focused on the wear of cutting inserts during the processing of waste construction glass, which is often laminated with a plastic film. Due to the continuously increasing amount of glass waste generated from construction, demolition, and the dismantling of photovoltaic panels, efficient glass processing and recycling have become significant environmental and technological challenges. Glass represents a material with high recycling potential; however, its composition, the presence of laminated layers, and its abrasive properties make mechanical processing difficult. The main objective of the research was to quantify the wear rate of the cutting inserts based on their mass loss during the mechanical crushing and layer separation process. The study was carried out using a novel mechanical scraping principle that enables efficient separation of glass from the polymer film while maintaining the integrity of the interlayer, making it suitable for further use. The cutting inserts were made of wear-resistant Hardox 500 material and were tested with various types of surface treatments. The aim was to evaluate the influence of these treatments on the wear rate and to assess their technical and economic effectiveness. The obtained results provide new insights into the influence of the abrasive properties of construction glass on the service life of cutting tools, as well as into the suitability of different surface treatments in glass recycling processes from photovoltaic and construction applications. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.193 10.4028/p-3VZv4p Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Attila Baksa, Marwen Habbachi, Erika Baksáné Varga <br />This study presents a numerical investigation of failure initiation and evolution in thin-walled extruded aluminum tubes subjected to three-point bending and dynamic axial compression. An explicit finite element framework is employed, combining the Müschenborn--Sonne forming limit diagram (MSFLD) with stress-state-dependent ductile and shear fracture criteria to capture multiple competing failure mechanisms. The approach accounts for instability-driven necking as well as fracture governed by evolving stress triaxiality and Lode parameter. Numerical predictions are validated against experimental results through both quantitative comparison of load-displacement responses and qualitative assessment of deformation patterns and fracture locations. The results demonstrate that incorporating stress-state-dependent fracture criteria significantly improves the predictive accuracy of crash simulations involving thin-walled aluminum structures. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.205 10.4028/p-0TmK1T Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Marwen Habbachi, Attila Baksa <br />Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is a die-less forming technique well-suited for rapid prototyping and low-volume production. The deformation mechanism differs significantly from conventional metal forming processes, which contribute to enhanced formability. On this basis, the coefficient of friction (COF) derived from the contact at the interface between the tool and the sheet is a critical aspect during forming. This study is devoted to discover the effect of critical process parameters on the friction evolution in SPIF using a finite element analysis after model validation. Results ndicated that increasing overall step size, wall angle, and tool diameter contribute significantly to the increase of the COF. In addition, when the geometry benchmark was designed with ψ = 70◦, the the friction indicator μ∗ attains 0.63. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.215 10.4028/p-bRC2ij Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Ian Momanyi Mokaya, Sándor Bodzás <br />Wire Bending Machines have served as repositories of engineering knowledge and heritage for millennia. As one of the earliest forms of engineering craftmanship, their often period-defining design and operating principles can be used to trace the development of engineering practice through the ages. The 19th century Mechanical Wire Bending Machine investigated in this article is typical of this development and presents a wide array of possible inspection areas for modern research to delve into. In this article, we specifically address the manufacturing working analysis of an identical CAD assembly of the machine as a demonstration of the application of modern techniques in preserving early institutional engineering expertise. The CAD models, having been designed on CATIA V5 are imported into Autodesk’s Fusion 360 software then assembled using Fusion’s motion-based assembly features to create a true-to-scale assembly of the working machine. We then analyze the working mechanism of the assembly, describing analytically its manufacturing technology with all the technological parameters involved in bending. Ultimately, we will make and present our deductions. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.229 10.4028/p-242zTe Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): József Bencsik, Zsolt Conka <br />This paper presents the design and experimental validation of a micro-phasor measurement unit (uPMU) system developed for real-time protection and power quality analysis in low-voltage distribution networks. The proposed architecture integrates a Raspberry Pi-based Central Protection Unit, an AD7606 synchronous analog-to-digital converter for high-speed multi-channel sampling, and a DAC8568 digital-to-analog converter for test and simulation purposes. The system supports hardware time synchronization via the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) and enables both real and simulated grid event measurements. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of achieving up to 200~kSPS sampling per channel, providing the temporal resolution required for sub-cycle fault detection. The long-term objective is to apply artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to predict the next waveform samples and detect deviations that indicate faults or abnormal grid conditions within microseconds. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.237 10.4028/p-6nEuiL Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Bálint Ferenczi, Iveta Čačková, Viliam Čačko <br />The main objective of the developed automated pallet changing system is to increase the productivity of CNC machining centres and to minimize machine idle times. The system’s core component is a loading unit equipped with two independently controlled forks, enabling fast and precise pallet handling while significantly reducing non - productive time. The entire structure is modular and fully electrically driven, utilizing linear actuators and servo motors that ensure high positioning accuracy. The design and verification of the structure were performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to guarantee adequate rigidity and operational reliability. The innovative semi-circular pallet storage provides higher capacity and a more compact layout compared to conventional linear storage systems. Additionally, a rotary loading station was introduced to further reduce setup and handling times. A functional prototype was produced using additive manufacturing with PLA material and is controlled by an Arduino-based system, demonstrating the feasibility of the concept. The developed system is currently under patent protection in Slovakia, confirming its industrial applicability and technological originality. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.243 10.4028/p-YS8UuA Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Imola Lenke Csajbók, Dániel Nemes <br />Vehicle dynamics models play an important role in understanding and predicting vehicle behavior under different operating conditions; however, their practical usefulness strongly depends on how well simulated responses reflect real vehicle performance. For this reason, model validation using real-world measurement data is essential. This study focuses on the validation of a MATLAB–Simulink-based longitudinal vehicle dynamics model using CAN bus data recorded during on-road driving. The measurement data were collected using a CANedge2 data logger, which enables the recording of key vehicle parameters such as vehicle speed, engine speed, brake pressure, and accelerator pedal position. The recorded MF4 files were decoded and processed using the asammdf software framework in combination with appropriate DBC files to extract physically meaningful signals. The measured signals were subsequently compared with the simulation results to assess the model’s ability to reproduce real vehicle behavior under different driving conditions. The presented workflow demonstrates a practical and reproducible approach for CAN-based model validation using real vehicle data and provides a basis for further refinement and extension of longitudinal vehicle models. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.253 10.4028/p-9CXRBs Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): József Menyhárt <br />The rapid spread of electromobility and renewable energy sources is fundamentally transforming contemporary energy systems. The Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology offers a new role for electric vehicles to function as distributed energy storage units, supporting grid stability and the integration of renewable energy into everyday energy use. The aim of the study is to apply a SWOT analysis to identify the main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the introduction of V2G technology in the European Union, with a focus on Hungary in Eastern Europe. The analysis highlights that the primary strengths of V2G systems lie in EU-level regulatory support and the growing electric vehicle fleet, while weaknesses include limited charging infrastructure, technological uncertainty, and economical aspects like GDP. Opportunities include energy communities, secondary battery use, and the development of smart grid solutions, while regulatory delays and high investment costs are identified as the main threats. The results of the research confirm that the successful implementation of V2G technology is only possible with a complex approach that addresses technological, economic, and social aspects. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.259 10.4028/p-RA6j9q Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Dániel Nemes, Sándor Hajdu <br />One of the most popular controller designs in control engineering is the so-called linear matrix inequality (LMI) method. In this method, the optimization is defined within a convex polytope, for which the first step is to define the convex polytope describing the problem. With the tensor product model transformation, we can directly derive such convex hulls from the linear parameter variable (LPV, qLPV) description of the nonlinear system, for example SNNN, IRNO, CNO. A transition can be formed between them, with which an infinite number of polytope representations can be produced for a system. The literature shows that narrower hulls (CNO) result in smaller control signals, which are easier to implement in practice. An easy-to-understand representation of the size of these polytopes is currently still a challenge in the literature. There is also a physical content behind them, so the norms known in mathematics are not sufficiently representative. This research presents the currently known representation techniques and their limitations. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.269 10.4028/p-J3Wqgx Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Nasir Hussain Razvi Syed, Debela Alema Teklemariyem, Wieslaw Jerzy Staszewski, Phong B. Dao <br />Recent years have seen growing faith in data-driven tools for condition monitoring and fault detection, a trend accelerated further by advances in artificial intelligence. In many industrial systems typical examples like chemical plants and wind-energy installations—the underlying process variables do not behave in a stable or predictable manner. Their statistical features shift over time, and conventional monitoring methods which assume an essentially stationary assumption, often struggle to handle high-dimensional signals. Much of the difficulty stems from the fact that several variables move together over long periods but differ in their degree of non-stationarity. To deal with this challenge, two monitoring strategies are designed to react reliably to deviations even when the data show complicated stochastic behaviour. The framework consists of two cointegration-based schemes. Scheme 1 treats all series jointly (i.e., mixed order), regardless of their integration order, while Scheme 2, first separates them into (0), (1), and (2) groups using the augmented DickeyFuller (ADF) test and then each group fed to cointegration model individually. In both cases, the residuals serve as indicators. Monitoring statistics are estimated based on the Mahalanobis Distance (MD), utilizing residuals from testing set; the control limit (CL) is computed based on the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) utilizing residuals from training set. Any deviation of monitoring statistics crossing the CL highlights the abnormal conditions in the system. Numerical case studies demonstrate the efficacy of non-joint cointegration-based monitoring (Scheme 2), which provides a flexible and computationally efficient method for monitoring non-stationary processes. In comparison to traditional PCA and CA-based Schemes, the Scheme 2 framework has better performance with a lower false alarm. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.279 10.4028/p-fG2SGu Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Dilmurod Akbarov, István Bendiák, Sándor Semperger <br />Uzbekistan’s industrial sector, a major contributor to the nation’s projected 6.2% GDP growth in 2025, increasingly depends on the reliable operation of induction motors across key areas such as mining, energy, and manufacturing. In line with the “Uzbekistan 2030” strategy, the government’s modernization agenda emphasizes the integration of predictive maintenance technologies—particularly vibration-based condition monitoring—to enhance system reliability, reduce downtime, and extend motor lifespan. Within the energy sector, where aging infrastructure continues to challenge efficiency, vibration diagnostics play a vital role in detecting motor faults in power generation and transmission systems, thereby supporting tariff liberalization and privatization reforms. The mining industry, strengthened by the 2024 subsoil resource legislation, applies vibration analysis to critical machinery such as conveyors and pumps to ensure operational safety and energy efficiency during the exploration of rare earth elements. Furthermore, Free Economic Zones (FEZs) and Small Industrial Zones (SIZs) attract foreign investment in high-tech manufacturing, where the adoption of vibration-based monitoring systems supports import substitution and cost optimization. As Uzbekistan moves toward WTO accession by 2026, industrial enterprises are adopting advanced monitoring systems to meet international standards, improving competitiveness in export-oriented sectors like metallurgy and mechanical engineering. The growing implementation of IoT-enabled vibration sensors reflects a broader transition from reactive to predictive maintenance practices, fostering sustainability and productivity within newly privatized enterprises. Collectively, these developments position vibration-based condition monitoring as a critical component of Uzbekistan’s industrial transformation and its shift toward a resilient, market-oriented economy. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.287 10.4028/p-f9HvN2 Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): David Bodnar, Károly Jármai <br />This paper introduces a specialized Parallel Inception-style 1D-CNN (PINC) architecture designed for real-time condition monitoring of the Universal Robots UR3e platform. Traditional deep learning models for anomaly detection often require substantial computational resources. In contrast, our proposed PINC model uses per-channel parallel feature extraction to identify multi-scale physical anomalies with high accuracy. Using the CASPER dataset, the architecture achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 99.1% while maintaining a low memory footprint of just 152 KB. These findings show that the PINC model effectively captures vibrational signatures without depending on high-latency cloud processing. The results offer a scalable and efficient hardware solution that enables localized, real-time fault detection in human-robot shared workspaces. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.293 10.4028/p-s36NGl Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Krisztian Horvath, Ambrus Zelei <br />This work presents a methodology for extracting NVH-relevant, machine-learning–ready features from CMM-based gear inspection reports available only in PDF format. Although raw point-cloud measurements are not available, the approach demonstrates how curve-level geometric information—such as profile and lead deviation, pitch behavior, and runout shape patterns—can be interpreted directly from the plotted diagrams. These curve-derived descriptors capture qualitative shape phenomena that are not represented in tabulated tolerances and can be transformed into structured numerical features suitable for future correlation with NVH indicators such as transmission-error variability or tonal-noise risk. The method enables digitization of historical PDF-only metrology archives and provides a foundation for data-driven NVH assessment and predictive quality workflows. Similar approaches that extract geometric and dynamic features from profile or error curves have been shown to reveal excitation mechanisms underlying transmission error and tonal noise generation. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.303 10.4028/p-0yVu2L Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): István Domokos, Péter Szilágyi <br />Accurate, non-destructive assessment of watermelon ripeness remains a significant challenge in horticultural production, particularly under field conditions where traditional visual and tactile evaluation methods are subjective and often inconsistent. Although mechanical, acoustic, and spectroscopic techniques have demonstrated promising performance, their reliance on controlled laboratory environments limits their practical applicability in real-world agricultural settings. This study presents a field-deployable, AI-assisted computer vision system designed for objective, real-time classification of watermelon ripeness. The proposed prototype combines controlled illumination with RGB imaging and convolutional neural networks trained on thousands of annotated outdoor images collected over multiple growing seasons. A phased development strategy—encompassing proof-of-concept modelling, field integration, and multi-season validation—supports robustness against variable lighting conditions and environmental influences. The anticipated outcome is a reliable, non-destructive decision-support tool for growers, capable of identifying ripe fruit for manual harvesting while providing a technological foundation for future autonomous harvesting and precision agriculture applications. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.317 10.4028/p-eMZ3Mf Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Nóra Bencs-Nagy, János Lukács <br />Pipeline transport of hydrogen offers an alternative way to move large volumes of hydrogen from production to use. One method of transport would be to use the infrastructure available for natural gas pipelines, but the specific physical and chemical properties of hydrogen and its degrading effect on metals mean that a different approach to safety considerations is required for practical implementation. Different steel grades show different responses to hydrogen exposure: some microstructures exhibit higher diffusion rates but lower hydrogen solubility, making them more susceptible to degradation. The intensity of this phenomenon depends largely on the microstructure of the steel, its alloy content, and the operating conditions. The aim of this research is to perform a comparative microstructural analysis of the P355NH steel base material and welded joints made using MIG and MIG/TIG welding technologies in pipeline sections with different histories that have been exposed to hydrogen. During the investigation, we used optical microscopic images and hardness maps showing hardness distribution to reveal the characteristics of various material structure details. The study may contribute to optimizing the safety of pipelines used for hydrogen transport and the welding technologies employed, as well as to increasing integrity under hydrogen-loaded operating conditions. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.329 10.4028/p-E7rALv Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Gabor Hasulyo, Marianna Vadászi <br />Motor vehicles are part of our everyday life, and it is difficult to conceive mobility without them as they represent a form of independence. However, conventional vehicles are being transformed not only from a technological perspective, but also from their propulsion systems. This transformation is driven by the scarcity of fossil fuel reserves, geopolitical concerns, environmental pollution, energy transition challenges, and energy independence goals. The electro-mobility of the future will extend beyond electric vehicles to become an integral part of a diverse green energy mix. Hydrogen, with its zero emissions and high energy content, has gained significant attention in this context. The adoption of such new technology by society requires ensuring safety to prevent accidents that could hinder its evolution. High-priority research directions in the hydrogen economy include safety as a technical, psychological, and sociological issue. The safe and effective operation of hydrogen refuelling stations presents numerous challenges due to hydrogen's physical properties, such as its propensity to leak, flammability, and high-pressure storage requirements. Digital twin technology, which creates virtual replicas of physical systems based on real-time data, has significant potential to address these challenges. This study examines how digital twin technology can be implemented to operate hydrogen facilities more safely and effectively. Hydrogen, as a clean energy carrier, plays a key role in sustainable energy systems, but its handling poses substantial safety challenges. This research provides insights into the potential, benefits, and future outlook for digital twin technology in hydrogen refuelling stations, particularly for enhancing safety and reliability. The findings demonstrate that digital twin technology offers considerable potential for safely developing hydrogen infrastructure and may play a crucial role in transitioning to a sustainable energy system. The study describes the four main components of the technology: physical entity, virtual model, data flow, and analytical system, collectively demonstrating practical applications where 3D visualization enables users to quickly identify hazards. The digital twin system significantly improves safety through real-time leak detection and automatic alerts, increases efficiency by optimizing energy consumption and refuelling processes, and enhances reliability through predictive maintenance. However, widespread adoption of this technology faces challenges including managing large volumes of data, accurately modelling complex processes, and implementing effective solutions. Future development directions include integrating quantum computing, deploying advanced sensor systems, and leveraging artificial intelligence, which together may contribute to developing safer and more sustainable hydrogen infrastructure. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.339 10.4028/p-KB9QSb Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Janos Fajger, Raghawendra P.S. Sisodia <br />Hydrogen plays a key role in global decarbonization efforts, especially in the transition of existing natural gas infrastructure to hydrogen-natural gas (H2/NG) blends. However, the introduction of hydrogen into existing pipelines presents significant materials science challenges, particularly in the areas of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanisms, degradation thresholds, and pipeline steel compatibility. This article reviews current industrial practices of hydrogen blending, embrittlement mechanisms, the behavior of the main pipeline material groups, and the applied testing and standardization methods, with particular emphasis on impact test, tensile test, slow strain rate test (SSRT), and determination of diffusible hydrogen in welded joints. Standardization of hydrogen testing of austenitic stainless steels shows significant shortcomings, as in contrast to the extensive test descriptions, standards and decades of practical data sets available for carbon steels there is no similarly comprehensive, standardized methodological background available for these materials. The review also highlights the differences between austenitic and carbon steels in terms of hydrogen-related degradation and the applicability of standardized testing methods. This lack makes reliable and comparable classification of hydrogen resistance in austenitic steels difficult. The aim of this study is to provide a summary, research-based guideline for harmonizing material qualification practices related to hydrogen. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.355 10.4028/p-gAGWU3 Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Ildiko Angerer-Petrovickijne <br />The local government of Dunaújváros, Hungary, has long recognized the important role environmental protection plays in enhancing the city's competitiveness and attractiveness. Since 1997, the municipality has employed an environmental specialist with a university degree. Environmental status reports, adopted by resolutions of the general assembly, have been published annually since that year. Since 1998, the city has had a municipal environmental protection programme and an environmental financial fund. In 2007, Dunaújváros became the first Hungarian municipality to operate a certified EMAS (Eco-Management and Audit Scheme) environmental management system [6]. The city has been a member of the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy since 2017 [1]. Dunaújváros has participated — and continues to participate — in several European environmental projects and has received numerous national and European Union awards for its achievements in the field of environmental protection. The primary goal of the municipal environmental protection programme is to protect human health, preserve and promote the sustainable use of natural resources and assets. The programme supports the protection and sustainable utilization of individual environmental elements and systems, identifies threats, and aims to resolve and mitigate environmental conflicts in line with the city's characteristics and economic capacities [2]. The newly completed municipal environmental protection programme for the period 2025–2030 is the city's fifth such plan. The requirements concerning the preparation and content of the program are regulated by Act LIII of 1995 on the General Rules of Environmental Protection. The program includes: an assessment of the current situation, based on the condition of environmental elements and analysis of the main influencing factors; environmental protection objectives and target states aligned with sustainable development; the main actions required to achieve these goals (particularly those related to ongoing or planned developments and operations), along with an implementation schedule; regulatory, monitoring, and evaluation tools to support goal achievement; and a breakdown of the expected costs of implementing the measures and tools, including planned funding sources [4]. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.365 10.4028/p-iM7vA5 Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Attila Kálmán, Katalin Bene <br />Solar photovoltaic systems are the most dynamically expanding renewable energy technology, their capacities have doubled globally over the last two years. The transition to solar energy offers numerous advantages, it poses significant challenges for the electricity grid stability. These systems have high production fluctuation within the day and vast overproduction in peak hours. To improve stability, economic operation and efficiency of electricity network, both fluctuation balancing and excess energy storage are essential. Presently two technologies are mostly used: battery-based and pumped hydropower energy storage systems. This study focuses on evaluating the operating efficiency of solar-driven pumped hydropower energy storage system in the catchment of Lake Velence under changing weather conditions. Lake Velence has been struggling with severe drought problems for years, posing challenges to water experts, and making fair water distribution difficult for water users. The nearby northern hilly region of the lake provides suitable location for municipal-scale pumped hydropower developments in terms of social, techno-economic and topographical conditions. Furthermore, due to scarce water resources, inefficient operation could cause additional tension among water users, therefore, detailed evaluation of system efficiency is required, along with life-cycle economic analysis and hydrodynamic optimization of reservoirs and pipelines. Using potential reservoir locations identified in a case study from 2025 for pumped hydropower energy storage, together with meteorological data, we analyze and optimize in a self-developed Matlab model 1) the hydrodynamics of the system and 2) evaporation losses of reservoirs, on a daily basis over years, under changing weather conditions. Hydrological evaporation and hydrodynamic friction losses, together with possible interventions to reduce their negative effects, were assessed with life-cycle cost analysis to present environmental-social and economic benefits. Changing weather conditions have significant impact on operational efficiency and can negatively affect water requirements that raise conflicts among water users. The solely solar-driven pumped hydropower systems are spreading but still in their early stages of development. Long-term and extended data on their operation is still limited and their performance under changing weather conditions requires further research. This research investigates hydrodynamic and hydraulic operation efficiency and couples with economic life-cycle cost analysis, supporting guidance for optimization and evaluation of future developments. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.379 10.4028/p-ik1Mv8 Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Emese Sarvajcz-Bánóczy, Imre Kocsis <br />Buildings represent nearly 40% of global energy consumption; therefore, improving their energy efficiency and thermal comfort has become a key research priority. This study presents the development of a detailed EnergyPlus-based simulation model of a five-building office complex located in Debrecen. The model integrates geometric, building physics and HVAC system characteristics, real operational schedules, weather data, and occupancy profiles. Simulations evaluate electricity and heat consumption as well as thermal comfort indicators such as temperature and PMV. Results show that the model accurately reproduces annual heating and cooling energy demand: simulated heating demand (2190 GJ) closely matches measured data (2108 GJ), while simulated cooling demand (119,283 kWh) aligns with measurements (119,356 kWh). The model provides a reliable foundation for future optimization studies, including data-driven and hybrid predictive control strategies. Future work includes calibration using real measurements and the integration of AI-assisted control. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.385 10.4028/p-D01ibB Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Junhao Huang <br />The breakage of agricultural particulate materials occurs throughout harvesting, transportation, post-harvest processing, storage, and milling size reduction operations. Corn particles, as a representative example, exhibit complex mechanical properties due to their different internal structure and moisture-dependent characteristics. This review summarizes recent advances in experimental and numerical investigations of corn particle breakage under various conditions. Breakage experimental measurements provide essential data for numerical simulations based on DEM with breakage models (Ab-T10, PRM, BPM). However, current DEM-based models often rely on simplified homogeneous assumptions that cannot yet reproduce moisture-dependent ductile-brittle transitions observed in real kernels, which limits quantitative prediction accuracy. The integration of experimental observations and simulation results contributes to a useful understanding of energy dissipation, progeny particle size distribution (PSD), and breakage patterns in agricultural materials. At the end, current challenges and potential research directions are discussed regarding agricultural particle fracture to achieve more accurate and scalable predictions of breakage behavior. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.399 10.4028/p-kc6NA0 Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Ľuboslav Straka, Andrii Zalyvchyi <br />Increasing the quality of machined surfaces in wire-electrode electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is undoubtedly reflected in the increase in the consumption of electrical energy required to perform the electrical discharge process. The relationship between these two input-output parameters is based on the physical nature of the given process, while the surface quality and the energy intensity of the electrical discharge process are closely linked. At the same time, it is true that with the increasing quality of the machined surface, the electrical energy consumption of individual subsystems and auxiliary devices of the electrical discharge machine also increases in almost all cases. The reason is mainly the fact that the machining time is extended. This is mainly caused by the need for a larger number of passes but also higher demands on the stabilization of the electrical discharge process. Therefore, the aim of the research was to identify and describe the mutual relationships between the quality of the machined surface in WEDM and the total consumption of electrical energy required to perform the machining process. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.411 10.4028/p-5wEcD6 Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Sándor Bodzás, Gyöngyi Szanyi <br />The engineering historical analysis of Maag, Fellows and Pfauter gear manufacturing processes are important to understand the development of the manufacturing technologies. These unique technologies not only show the different engineering approaches and innovative significances. They show how the pretensions of the manufacturing accuracy, labor productivity and automatizations are developed during the 20th century. The technical historical and functional analysis contribute the deeper understanding of manufacturing mindset methods and it allows the current and future developments into the technical historical background. The technical historical research of gear manufacturing processes is an interdisciplinary research area: the principle is created by the technical history but it is influenced by engineering and technological aspects at the same time. The manufacturing technologies are not only analyzed in technical aspect, but they are also analyzed in social and industrial aspects. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.419 10.4028/p-faSc2x Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Amer Sarajlić, Malik Čabaravdić, Tamás Mankovits, Sandor Mano <br />This paper presents a comparative study between cycloidal drive components manufactured using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) with PLA plastic and CNC laser-cut aluminum. Building upon previous work with polymer-based cycloidal reducers, this research investigates the performance characteristics, mechanical properties, and practical applications of precision-machined aluminum cycloidal discs and input shafts for high-torque gear transmission systems. Experimental testing was conducted on 24:1 reduction ratio cycloidal drives with identical geometries but different materials for the cycloidal disc and input shaft components. Key performance metrics including maximum torque capacity and thermal behavior were measured and analyzed through torque testing and thermal monitoring. Improvements​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‍‌ in torque capacity were primarily demonstrated by the aluminum construction (1.7× increase) along with trade-offs in manufacturing cost, weight, and production complexity being identified. The aluminum cycloidal disc achieved 31.5 Nm maximum output torque compared to 18.3 Nm for PLA, with substantially better thermal stability. To verify design decisions and understand structural response, finite element analysis was also conducted. This research serves as a knowledge base filled with real-life scenarios that will aid the engineers to make a confident decision in the choice of manufacturing technology for the next robotic and mechatronic devices ​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‍‌projects. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.435 10.4028/p-3gEYNN Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Erika Baksáné Varga, Attila Baksa <br />Business process discovery aims to reconstruct accurate models of organizational workflowsfrom event logs, yet classical algorithms often struggle with noisy and heterogeneous data,producing overly complex or imprecise models. This paper presents a systematic, quantitative evaluationof clustering-based preprocessing as a means to enhance process discovery. Using the BPIChallenge 2014 incident management log, we applied comprehensive feature engineering to extractstructural, temporal, and behavioral attributes, followed by multiple clustering techniques (K-Means,DBSCAN, HDBSCAN, GMM). Within each cluster, four established discovery algorithms (Alpha Miner,Heuristic Miner, Inductive Miner, ILP Miner) were executed from the PM4Py Python libraryand evaluated using fitness, precision, generalization, and simplicity metrics. Results show that clusteringconsistently improved model simplicity and precision, while fitness remained stable and generalizationtended to decrease. The extent of improvement depended on both the clustering methodand the discovery algorithm: K-Means with higher cluster numbers enhanced fitness and simplicityfor Alpha Miner; HDBSCAN improved precision and simplicity for Heuristic Miner; InductiveMiner benefited from K-Means even with small cluster numbers; whereas ILP Miner models remainedhighly complex regardless of clustering. These findings highlight the trade-off between interpretabilityand generalization, and demonstrate that clustering-based preprocessing can yield moretransparent and actionable process models. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.451 10.4028/p-pK3iuw Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Mohammad Amir Parvez, Samad Dadvandipour <br />Accurately predicting real estate values remains challenging in volatile and rapidly growing real estate markets, especially for expensive homes worldwide. Traditional statistical and economic models frequently miss the temporal dynamics and nonlinear dependencies affecting changes in property values. This study uses a large-scale, multi-market dataset to anticipate real estate values utilizing sophisticated deep learning architectures, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), and Dense Neural Networks (DNN). To increase learning efficiency, data pretreatment techniques included time-series sequencing, categorical encoding, and normalization. Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and the Coefficient of Determination (R2) were used to assess the model's performance. The findings show that the LSTM model obtained the lowest average prediction error (MAE) and produced extremely accurate forecasts by effectively incorporating long-term temporal dependencies. According to the study's findings, deep learning gives a solid, scalable foundation for accurate property price predictions. It also has practical ramifications for urban planners, investors, and legislators in dynamic housing markets. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.459 10.4028/p-7gswhF Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Péter Madarasi, József Menyhárt <br />Enhancing manufacturing efficiency increasingly relies on integrating Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), Industry 4.0 technologies, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Machine Learning (ML). Traditionally, OEE aggregates Availability, Performance, and Quality, but in Industry 4.0 it can evolve into a real-time decision-support tool enriched with predictive analytics. This paper provides a conceptual systematic synthesis of the interplay between OEE and AI-driven methodologies, emphasizing the role of fuzzy logic and hybrid models in managing uncertainty. AI/ML applications—predictive maintenance, quality assurance, and process optimization—reduce downtime, minimize scrap, and increase productivity by improving OEE components through pattern recognition and forecasting. A further research focus is domain shift and transfer learning, which impact the scalability and robustness of industrial AI systems across changing equipment and factories. Transfer learning approaches such as fine-tuning, feature alignment, and adversarial adaptation can reduce retraining effort while maintaining performance. Finally, integrating AI with OEE supports sustainable manufacturing by improving energy efficiency and reducing environmental impacts, contributing to the long-term vision of self-optimizing digital factories capable of responding dynamically to market and environmental changes. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/AST.181.465 10.4028/p-8MARBs Publication date: 3 August 2026 <br />Source: Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 181 <br />Author(s): Gábor Ruzicska, Levente Czégé, Tamás Mankovits <br />The application of virtual factory simulation plays a pivotal role in the design and optimization of modern production systems. By enabling the evaluation and refinement of manufacturing processes prior to physical implementation, process simulation significantly enhances decision-making efficiency. Real-time optimization has attracted considerable attention in the process industry and is widely adopted, as it typically relies on external databases and parameter sets. This study investigates the import, use, and management of such external parameters, providing a comprehensive overview. A detailed case study is developed and solved to demonstrate the proposed approach. The results show that process simulation with parameterized models improves system efficiency and enables real-time optimization capabilities. <br /> <br /> Mon, 3 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 11:20:49 +0200